Preliminary Evidence of an Association Between COL1A2 Polymorphisms and Dental Fluorosis in a Population with High Fluoride Exposure

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah V. Dawson
Keyword(s):  
Dental Fluorosis ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Fluoride Exposure ◽  
High Fluoride

scholarly journals Biomarkers for the Assessment of Fluoride Exposure in Children

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-143
Author(s):  
Oladipo S. Idowu ◽  
Ralph M. Duckworth ◽  
Ruth A. Valentine ◽  
Fatemeh Vida Zohoori
Keyword(s):  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Dental Fluorosis ◽  
Fluoride Concentration ◽  
Strong Correlations ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Validated Questionnaires ◽  
Fluoride Exposure ◽  
Fluoride Intake ◽  
Whole Saliva ◽  
High Fluoride

Due to practical difficulties in quantifying fluoride exposure, the ability of various biomarkers to predict exposure has been investigated previously. However, the results are inadequate for validation of their application and usefulness. This study aimed to investigate the association between contemporary/recent biomarkers of fluoride exposure and total daily fluoride intake (TDFI) of children with large differences in fluoride exposure through drinking water. TDFI was assessed in 61 healthy 4- to 5-year-old children who provided at least 1 biomarker sample; 32 lived in a low-fluoride area (0.04 mg F/L) and 29 lived in a high-fluoride area (3.05 mg F/L). Validated questionnaires were administered to evaluate fluoride intake from diets (including water) and toothpaste ingestion. Daily urinary fluoride excretion (UFE) and fluoride concentrations in plasma, fasting whole saliva, hair, and nails (toenails/fingernails) were evaluated and related to total fluoride exposure. TDFI, UFE, and fluoride concentrations of biomarkers were statistically significantly higher in the high-fluoride area than in the low-fluoride area. There was a strong statistically significant positive correlation between TDFI and UFE (ρ = 0.756, p < 0.001); plasma fluoride concentration (ρ = 0.770, p < 0.001); and toenail fluoride concentration (ρ = 0.604, p < 0.001). The statistically significant positive correlation between TDFI and fingernail fluoride concentration (ρ = 470, p < 0.001) as well as between TDFI and fasting whole saliva fluoride concentration (ρ = 0.453, p = 0.001) was moderate, whereas it was weak between TDFI and hair fluoride concentration (ρ = 0.306, p = 0.027). In conclusion, the current study confirmed the suitability of 24-h urine samples for estimating fluoride exposure in children. The strong correlations between TDFI and fluoride in plasma and toenails also suggest these biomarkers may be considered for health risk assessments of fluoride in children who are susceptible to development of dental fluorosis.

scholarly journals Fluorosis in rats exposed to oscillating chronic fluoride doses

2010 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danilo Bonadia Catani ◽  
Livia Maria Andaló Tenuta ◽  
Fernanda Alcântara Andaló ◽  
Jaime Aparecido Cury
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Research Group ◽  
Quantitative Method ◽  
Dental Fluorosis ◽  
Fluoride Concentration ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Metabolic Effect ◽  
Fluoride Exposure ◽  
Constant Dose ◽  
The Mean

Considering that blood fluoride concentration varies according to fluoride exposure and that dental fluorosis is related to the amount of enamel formed under a given fluoride dose, the present study investigated whether the fluorosis produced by an oscillating chronic fluoride dose would be similar to that caused by exposure to a constant dose, representing the mean of the oscillation during a given time. Rats received during 78 days water with fluoride concentrations of 0, 12.5, 25 or 37.5 µg F/mL, or oscillating concentrations of 12.5 and 37.5 µg F/mL every 72 h (mean exposure=25 µg F/mL). The concentrations of fluoride in the plasma, femur and incisors of the rats were determined at the end of the experimental period. Also, the enamel dental fluorosis index was determined in the incisors using a quantitative method developed by our research group named Dental Fluorosis by Image Analysis (DFIA). Fluoride concentrations in plasma, femur and teeth, and DFIA increased linearly for constant fluoride concentrations in water (p<0.0001, r values=0.87-0.98). The results of the oscillating group and the groups receiving 25 µg F/mL did not differ significantly (p>0.05). The findings of this study suggest that in animals chronically exposed to symmetrically oscillating fluoride doses, the resulting dental fluorosis reflects the metabolic effect of the mean of the oscillating doses.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Physicochemical Characteristics in Drinking Water Sources Emphasized on Fluoride: A Case Study of Yancheng, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 1030 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yumin Wang ◽  
Ran Yu ◽  
Guangcan Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Dental Fluorosis ◽  
Fluoride Concentration ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
Drinking Water Sources ◽  
Fluoride Exposure ◽  
Exposure Levels

In this study, the concentration of fluoride and the associated health risks for infants, children, and adults were analyzed and compared for three drinking water sources in Yancheng City, Jiangsu Province, China. To analyze the relationship between the water quality parameters of pH, fluoride (F−), sulfate (SO42−), chloride (Cl−), total dissolved solids (TDS), total alkalinity (TAlk), sodium (Na+), and potassium (K+), statistical analyses including correlation analysis, R-mode cluster analysis and factor analysis were performed based on monthly data from the year 2010 to 2015. The results indicated: (1) Fluoride concentrations in the drinking water sources ranged from 0.38 to 1.00 mg L−1 (mean = 0.57 mg L−1) following the order of Tongyu River > Yanlong Lake > Mangshe River; (2) fluoride concentrations in 22.93% of the collected samples were lower than 0.5 mg L−1, which has the risk of tooth cavities, especially for the Mangshe River; (3) the fluoride exposure levels of infants were higher than children and adults, and 3.2% of the fluoride exposure levels of infants were higher than the recommended toxicity reference value of 122 μg kg−1 d−1 as referenced by Health Canada, which might cause dental fluorosis issues; (4) the physico-chemical characteristics are classified the into four groups reflecting F−- TAlk, Na+-K+, SO42−-Cl−, and pH-TDS, respectively, indicating that fluoride solubility in drinking water is TAlk dependent, which is also verified by R-mode cluster analysis and factor analysis. The results obtained supply useful information for the health department in Yancheng City, encouraging them to pay more attention to fluoride concentration and TAlk in drinking water sources.

High Fluoride Exposure in Hemodialysis Patients

1990 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 320-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vilber A.O. Bello ◽  
Hillel J. Gitelman
Keyword(s):  
Hemodialysis Patients ◽  
Fluoride Exposure ◽  
High Fluoride

Risk-Benefit Balance in the Use of Fluoride among Young Children

2007 ◽  
Vol 86 (8) ◽  
pp. 723-728 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.G. Do ◽  
A.J. Spencer
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Dental Fluorosis ◽  
Population Attributable Risk ◽  
Attributable Risk ◽  
Additional Benefit ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Caries Prevalence ◽  
Fluoride Exposure ◽  
History Of ◽  
Exposure History

This study aimed to evaluate the risk-benefit balance of several fluoride exposures. Fluoride exposure history of randomly selected children was collected for calculation of exposure to fluoridated water, toothpaste, and other fluoride sources. We evaluated the risk-benefit balance of fluoride exposure by comparing dental fluorosis on maxillary central incisors, recorded at the time of the study with the use of the Thylstrup and Fejerskov Index, and deciduous caries experience, recorded at age six years, of the same group of South Australian children who were from 8 to 13 years old in 2002–03. Population Attributable Risk for fluorosis and Population Prevented Fraction for caries were estimated. Fluorosis prevalence was found to be 11.3%; caries prevalence, 32.3%; mean dmfs, 1.57 (SD 3.3). Exposure to fluoridated water was positively associated with fluorosis, but was negatively associated with caries. Using 1000-ppm-F toothpaste (compared with 400- to 550-ppm-F toothpaste) and eating/licking toothpaste were associated with higher risk of fluorosis without additional benefit in caries protection. Evaluation of the risk-benefit balance of fluoride exposure provides evidence to assist in the formulation of appropriate guidelines for fluoride use.

scholarly journals Fluoride exposure from groundwater as reflected by urinary fluoride and children's dental fluorosis in the Main Ethiopian Rift Valley

2014 ◽  
Vol 496 ◽  
pp. 188-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tewodros Rango ◽  
Avner Vengosh ◽  
Marc Jeuland ◽  
Redda Tekle-Haimanot ◽  
Erika Weinthal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rift Valley ◽  
Dental Fluorosis ◽  
Ethiopian Rift ◽  
Main Ethiopian Rift ◽  
Fluoride Exposure ◽  
Urinary Fluoride

scholarly journals Fluoride Exposure through Different Drinking Water Sources in a Contaminated Basin in Guanajuato, Mexico: A Deterministic Human Health Risk Assessment

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (21) ◽  
pp. 11490
Author(s):  
Paulina Farías ◽  
Jesús Alejandro Estevez-García ◽  
Erika Noelia Onofre-Pardo ◽  
María Luisa Pérez-Humara ◽  
Elodia Rojas-Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Dental Fluorosis ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Drinking Water Source ◽  
Drinking Water Sources ◽  
Fluoride Exposure ◽  
Urinary Fluoride ◽  
Water Fluoride

Water fluoride levels above the World Health Organization’s guideline (1.5 mg/L), common in overexploited aquifers, represent a health hazard. Our objective was to assess the health risks posed by exposure to fluoride in different drinking water sources in a contaminated basin in Mexico. Fluoride was measured in mutual drinking water sources and in the urine of 39 children and women. Risks were estimated through hazard quotient (HQ) by drinking water source. Dental fluorosis was assessed in the children. Mean fluoride water concentrations (mg/L) were: well, 4.2; waterhole, 2.7; bottled, 2.1; rainwater, 0.4. The mean urinary fluoride concentrations (specific gravity adjusted) were 2.1 mg/L and 3.2 mg/L in children and women, respectively. Our multiple linear regression model showed children’s urinary fluoride concentrations increased 0.96 mg/L for every 1 mg/L increase in water fluoride (p < 0.001). Dental fluorosis was diagnosed in 82% of the children, and their HQ according to drinking water source was: well, 1.5; waterhole, 1.1; bottled, 0.8; harvested rainwater, 0.3. The pervasive dental fluorosis indicates a toxic past fluoride exposure; urinary fluoride levels and HQs indicate high exposure and current health risks for most children. Drinking harvested rainwater will likely prevent most of the local fluoride exposure.

Dental Fluorosis: Its Use as a Biomarker

1994 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.K. Den Besten
Keyword(s):  
Dental Fluorosis ◽  
Biological Marker ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Individual Response ◽  
Growth And Remodeling ◽  
Nutritional Factors ◽  
Fluoride Exposure ◽  
The Relationship

Several epidemiological studies, beginning with those of Dean and co-workers in the 1940's, clearly demonstrate the relationship between dental fluorosis in humans and the level of fluoride in water supplies. These studies and others have shown that, in a population, there is a direct relationship among the degree of enamel fluorosis, plasma and bone fluoride levels, and the concentration of fluoride in drinking water. However, dental fluorosis is a reflection of fluoride exposure only during the time of enamel formation, somewhat limiting its use as a biomarker. In addition, the degree of fluorosis is dependent not only on the total fluoride dose, but also on the timing and duration of fluoride exposure. At the level of an individual response to fluoride exposure, factors such as body weight, activity level, nutritional factors, and the rate of skeletal growth and remodeling are also important. These variables, along with an individual variability in response to similar doses of fluoride, indicate that enamel fluorosis cannot be used as a biological marker of the level of fluoride exposure for an individual.

Ultrastructure and Composition of Enamel in Human Dental Fluorosis

1989 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Yanagisawa ◽  
S. Takuma ◽  
O. Fejerskov
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Dental Fluorosis ◽  
Fluoride Concentration ◽  
Occlusal Caries ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
High Fluoride Concentration ◽  
High Fluoride ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Hexagonal Crystals

Materials used in this work were 13 permanent molars exhibiting dental fluorosis (between 5 and 9 on the Thylstrup-Fejerskov scale, 1978) obtained from adults (aged 20-40 years) living in regions with 3.5 ppm fluoride in the water supplies. Small but deep occlusal caries lesions necessitated extraction. Light and polarized microscopic, microradiographic, electron microscopic, and electron-probe- and ion-micro-analytical studies were made. Enamel surfaces were generally cloudy to opaque, with several pits or defects of various sizes and degrees of brown-staining. An extensively hypomineralized area extended from the inner enamel to the surface layer, which was mineralized to a high degree. The hypomineralized area contained sparsely arranged, flattened, hexagonal crystals with either perforated centers or defects extending from the perimeter and indicating either no or low fluoride content. The highly mineralized surface layer, however, was composed of many large, flattened, hexagonal crystals and extremely small, irregularly shaped crystals. Both types were free of central perforations and defects. A high fluoride concentration was determined in the highly mineralized surface layer. These findings suggest that the hypomineralized area undergoes caries-like changes in terms of crystal dissolution and that the highly mineralized surface layer contains hydroxyapatite and fluoridated-hydroxyapatite, or fluorapatite, or both.

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