UV light absorbers executing synergistic effects of passivating defects and improving photostability for efficient perovskite photovoltaics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiale Li ◽  
Wenjing Qi ◽  
Yameng Li ◽  
Sumin Jiao ◽  
Hao Ling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Uv Light ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Light Absorbers

Mechanistic Studies of Atomic Oxygen Reactions with Polymers and Combined Effects with Vacuum Ultraviolet Light

MRS Bulletin ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masahito Tagawa ◽  
Timothy K. Minton
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Oxygen ◽  
Vacuum Ultraviolet ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Low Earth Orbit ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Space Environment ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
The Individual

AbstractThis article focuses on mechanistic aspects of hyperthermal atomic oxygen reactions with polymers, which are the major contributor to material degradation in low Earth orbit. Due to the importance of well-controlled experiments in the understanding of the reaction mechanisms, ground-based experimental results obtained by a hyperthermal atomic oxygen beam generated by laser detonation facilities are mainly surveyed. Combined effects of atomic oxygen and vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) light on fluorinated polymers are also described. Such combined effects of hyperthermal atomic oxygen and VUV light are important not only from a fundamental point of view but also for engineering purposes (i.e., methodology for ground-based space environmental simulation). The VUV-sensitive polymers, poly(methyl methacrylate), and Teflon fluorinated ethylene-propylene do not show significant synergistic effects. Instead, the effect of combining atomic oxygen and VUV light produces erosion of the polymer that is the sum of the erosion caused by atomic oxygen and UV light acting individually. The experimental results suggest that material erosion in a complicated space environment may be quantitatively predicted if the erosion yields caused by the individual action of atomic oxygen and VUV light are known.

Improved synthesis of 6-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2,4-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine and 2,4-bis(resorcinyl)-substituted UV light absorbing derivatives

2008 ◽  
Vol 2008 (11) ◽  
pp. 664-665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-Feng Jiang ◽  
Hui-Long Wang ◽  
Zhe-Qi Li
Keyword(s):  
Uv Light ◽  
Starting Material ◽  
Addition Reactions ◽  
Grignard Reaction ◽  
Triazine Derivatives ◽  
Light Absorbers

Pure 6-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2,4-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine was synthesised by a method that did not involve the troublesome Grignard reaction of 4-bromo-anisole. A series of bis(resorcinyl) triazine derivatives which can be used as UV light absorbers were subsequently prepared by utilising 6-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2,4-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine as the starting material via alkylation or acid-catalysed addition reactions.

scholarly journals Semi-field evaluation of novel chemical lures for Aedes aegypti, Culex quinquefasciatus, and Anopheles minimus (Diptera: Culicidae) in Thailand

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dae-Yun Kim ◽  
Theerachart Leepasert ◽  
Michael J. Bangs ◽  
Theeraphap Chareonviriyaphap
Keyword(s):  
Black Hole ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Light Trap ◽  
Insect Vector ◽  
Entomological Surveillance ◽  
Nocturnal Species

Abstract Background Entomological surveillance is an important means of assessing the efficacy of insect vector management programs and estimating disease transmission thresholds. Among baited traps, Biogents’ BG-Sentinel (BGS) trap baited with BG-Lure is considered to have the most similar outcome to, and be a possible replacement for, human-landing catches for the epidemiologically relevant monitoring of adult Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus. In contrast to the BGS trap, the Black Hole ultraviolet (UV) light trap, which is widely used to catch nocturnal flying insects, is not baited with synthetic human odor-mimicking lures. Methods We evaluated the l-lactic acid-based Kasetsart University (KU)-lures nos. 1–6 as novel candidate chemical lures for the diurnal species Ae. aegypti and the nocturnal species Cx. quinquefasciatus using two commercial traps (the BGS trap and the Black Hole UV light trap) in a semi-field screen (SFS) house. Firstly, we optimized the dose of each KU-lure in an SFS house (140 m3). Secondly, six different candidate KU-lures were screened by comparing their percent attraction using a single discriminating dose (0.5 g). Finally, we evaluated the synergism of the KU-lures selected in this way with commercially available traps. Results BGS traps baited with KU-lure no. 1 exhibited the greatest percent attraction for Ae. aegypti (29.5% ± 14.3%), whereas those baited with KU-lure no. 6 most strongly attracted Cx. quinquefasciatus (33.3% ± 10.7%). Interestingly, BGS traps treated with 10 g BG-Lure did not significantly attract more Ae. aegypti or Cx. quinquefasciatus than the untreated BGS traps. CO2 at a flow rate of 250 ml/min most strongly attracted both Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus (42.2% ± 14.2% and 75.1% ± 16.9%, respectively). BGS and Black Hole UV light traps with KU-lure no. 6 exhibited a stronger attraction for Cx. quinquefasciatus than untreated traps, and the percent attraction did not differ between the treated traps. Conclusions Synergistic effects of KU-lures nos. 1 and 6 with the mosquito traps were demonstrated for both the diurnal and nocturnal species in the SFS house assays. However, further studies are urgently needed for the development of species-specific lures to increase trap efficacy in the field for local vector mosquitoes in Thailand. Graphical Abstract

scholarly journals Photostabilizing Efficiency of Acrylic-based Bamboo Exterior Coatings Combining Benzotriazole and Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles

Coatings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Rao ◽  
Yahui Zhang ◽  
Minzhen Bao ◽  
Zhiyuan Zhang ◽  
Yongjie Bao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Color Space ◽  
Attenuated Total Reflection ◽  
Shielding Effect ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Uv Shielding ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy

Long-term exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light can degrade and discolor bamboo; thus, coatings to protect it from UV exposure are required, especially for outdoor use. Benzotriazole (BTZ) and zinc oxide nanoparticles (NZnO) are organic and inorganic UV absorbers commonly used in UV shielding coatings. This study investigated the photostabilizing efficiency of acrylic-based bamboo exterior coatings using a combination of BTZ and NZnO. Different film formulations covering bamboo substrates were irradiated with artificial UV light for 500 h to accelerate aging. The UV-shielding effect on bamboo beneath various films was determined by CIELAB color space and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis. The film effectiveness was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, wettability, UV-vis spectroscopy, and FTIR-attenuated total reflection (ATR) spectroscopy. Films containing BTZ provided higher resistance to photodegradation and more effectively inhibited photodiscoloration of the bamboo substrates than those prepared solely with NZnO. After 500 h of UV irradiation, the BTZ–NZnO film containing 2 wt % BTZ and 1 wt % NZnO showed the best coating performance. Strong synergistic effects were detected in the BTZ–NZnO coatings, particularly for the 2:1 ratio formulation. This study also demonstrated the potential of combining BTZ and NZnO as additives for developing stable, effective UV-shielding bamboo exterior coatings for outdoor applications.

Inactivation of Protozoan Parasites in Food, Water, and Environmental Systems

2006 ◽  
Vol 69 (11) ◽  
pp. 2786-2808 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARILYN C. ERICKSON ◽  
YNES R. ORTEGA
Keyword(s):  
Uv Light ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Protozoan Parasites ◽  
Environmental Systems ◽  
Sequential Inactivation ◽  
Chemical Disinfectant ◽  
Physical Treatments ◽  
Selection Of

Protozoan parasites can survive under ambient and refrigerated storage conditions when associated with a range of substrates. Consequently, various treatments have been used to inactivate protozoan parasites (Giardia, Cryptosporidium, and Cyclospora) in food, water, and environmental systems. Physical treatments that affect survival or removal of protozoan parasites include freezing, heating, filtration, sedimentation, UV light, irradiation, high pressure, and ultrasound. Ozone is a more effective chemical disinfectant than chlorine or chlorine dioxide for inactivation of protozoan parasites in water systems. However, sequential inactivation treatments can optimize existing treatments through synergistic effects. Careful selection of methods to evaluate inactivation treatments is needed because many studies that have employed vital dye stains and in vitro excystation have produced underestimations of the effectiveness of these treatments.

scholarly journals Impact of Quercetin Encapsulation with Added Phytosterols on Bilayer Membrane and Photothermal-Alteration of Novel Mixed Soy Lecithin-Based Liposome

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2432
Author(s):  
Sahar Pakbaten Toopkanloo ◽  
Tai Boon Tan ◽  
Faridah Abas ◽  
Fahad A. Alharthi ◽  
Imededdine Arbi Nehdi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Management ◽  
Encapsulation Efficiency ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Bilayer Membrane ◽  
Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Phospholipid Vesicles ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Soy Lecithin ◽  
Trolox Equivalent

This study used highly lipophilic agents with an aim to increase the oxidant inhibitory activity and enhance photothermal stability of a novel mixed soy lecithin (ML)-based liposome by changing the composition of formulation within the membrane. Specifically, the development and optimization of the liposome intended for improving Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) value and %TEAC loss was carried out by incorporating a natural antioxidant, quercetin (QU). In this context, a focus was set on QU encapsulation in ML-based liposomes and the concentration-dependent solubility of QU was investigated and calculated as encapsulation efficiency (EE). To explore the combined effects of the incorporation of plant sterols on the integrity and entrapment capacity of mixed phospholipid vesicles, conjugation of two types of phytosterols (PSs), namely β-sitosterol (βS) and stigmasterol (ST), to mixed membranes at different ratios was also performed. The EE measurement revealed that QU could be efficiently encapsulated in the stable ML-based liposome using 0.15 and 0.1 g/100 mL of βS and ST, respectively. The aforementioned liposome complex exhibited a considerable TEAC (197.23%) and enhanced TEAC loss (30.81%) when exposed to ultraviolet (UV) light (280–320 nm) over a 6 h duration. It appeared that the presence and type of PSs affect the membrane-integration characteristics as well as photodamage transformation of the ML-based liposome. The association of QU with either βS or ST in the formulation was justified by their synergistic effects on the enhancement of the EE of liposomes. Parallel to this, it was demonstrated that synergistic PS effects could be in effect in the maintenance of membrane order of the ML-based liposome. The findings presented in this study provided useful information for the development and production of stable QU-loaded ML-based liposomes for food and nutraceutical applications and could serve as a potential mixed lipids-based delivery system in the disease management using antioxidant therapy.

scholarly journals Photocatalytic activity enhancement for removal of dye molecules based on plasmonic Ag grafted TiO2 nanocubes under visible light driven

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 743-751
Author(s):  
Ton Nu Quynh Trang ◽  
Le Thi Ngoc Tu ◽  
Tran Van Man ◽  
Vu Thi Hanh Thu
Keyword(s):  
Visible Light ◽  
Environmental Remediation ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Light Response ◽  
Ag Nps ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Visible Light Driven ◽  
Carrier Separation

Introduction: Finding a novel photocatalyst for photocatalytic degradation operating in the wavelength range from UV to visible light has been considered a great potential for environmental remediation. Herein, TiO2 nanocubics (NCs) decorated Ag nanoparticles (NPs) with various concentrations were developed. Methods: The crystal structure, morphological and chemical characteristics of prepared photocatalysts were thoroughly analyzed by a series of main analyses (X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and UVVis spectra). Results: The results revealed that a significantly promoting visible-light photocatalytic behavior of TiO2NCs@Ag photocatalyst was observed. The photocatalytic methyl orange (MO) degradation of the as-synthesized Ag anchored TiO2NCs photocatalyst (85% and 62% under UV light and visible light, respectively) exhibited outstanding photocatalytic efficacy compared with pristine TiO2 NCs. The achieved results could be assigned to the synergistic effects between TiO2NCs and Ag- NPs, leading to enhanced charge carrier separation and improved absorption ability in visible-light response. Conclusion: This work facilitates designing and developing high-efficiency heterostructure photocatalysts for practical works related to environmental deterioration.

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