Impacts of urban form on air quality: Emissions on the road and concentrations in the US metropolitan areas

2019 ◽  
Vol 246 ◽  
pp. 192-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changyeon Lee
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
The Road ◽  
The Us ◽  
On The Road

On the Road to Convergence Research

2021 ◽  
pp. 29-36
Author(s):  
Niki Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Mental Health ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Health Sciences ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
The Road ◽  
Research Institutes ◽  
The Us ◽  
Emerging Issues ◽  
On The Road

Climate change. Lack of food security. Limited access to basic healthcare. These are just some of the big, complex problems facing humanity. Solutions will require out-of-the-box innovation, which is why many governments, institutions, and entrepreneurs around the globe are beginning to embrace the concept of convergence research. The US-based National Science Foundation describes convergence as “a deeper, more intentional approach to accelerating discovery.” Following interdisciplinarity and multidisciplinarity, it is the next stop on a continuum used to describe approaches whereby scientists and experts learn from each other and collaborate across disciplines. It aims to integrate the natural, computational, social, economic, and health sciences in a humanities context, thereby transcending the traditional boundaries of those fields and creating unique opportunities for problem-solving. The concept of convergence research is taking hold, but how effectively is it being implemented? This chapter explores examples from research networks, research institutes, and the private sector to better understand how convergence research is addressing some of society’s most pressing issues. From disruptions in indigenous food systems to emerging issues in mental health, the author explores the benefits and challenges that arise from a convergence research approach.

Coercive Mediation on the Road to Dayton

1996 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 547-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saadia Touval
Keyword(s):  
Military Operations ◽  
The Road ◽  
The Us ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Military Campaign ◽  
The Military

AbstractThe article tries to explain why the American mediation at Dayton resulted in agreement, whereas previous attempts to settle the Bosnian conflict had failed. After examining the evolution of American policies prior to 1995, the article discusses the US initiative of taking the lead in the negotiation, and the methods and tactics it employed. It argues that the military operations against the Serbs do not fit the description of the mediator as a manipulator inducing a mutually hurting stalemate. The military campaign having endowed Western policies with credibility, intimidated the Serbs, and redrawn the front-lines, might be called coercive mediation. It suggests that the description of the mediator as an intervenor who does not employ force needs to be revised.

scholarly journals Progress down the open road

2012 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-35
Author(s):  
Graham Taylor
Keyword(s):  
The Road ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Global Industry ◽  
Not For Profit ◽  
The Us ◽  
University Presses ◽  
World Class ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Open Road

In UK scholarly publishing, we have a world-class industry led by famous flagship journals generating over £1bn in turnover, 80% from exports. We comprise a few significant commercial players, a few university presses and a large group of not-for-profit society publishers, often working under contract with the commercials. The UK is a world hub for this activity, alongside the US, The Netherlands and Germany, part of a global industry publishing over 1.5 million peer-reviewed articles per year in over 20 000 journals. But many challenges lie on the road ahead.

scholarly journals Field Study of Air Quality Improvement by a “Green Roof” in Kyiv

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 419-424
Author(s):  
Tetiana Tkachenko ◽  
Viktor Mileikovskyi ◽  
Adam Ujma
Keyword(s):  
Quality Improvement ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Field Study ◽  
Green Roof ◽  
Green Roofs ◽  
Combustion Products ◽  
The Road ◽  
Air Quality Improvement ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
On The Road

AbstractCurrently, a very big problem of cities in Europe and the world is air pollution with combustion products of car fuels, generation of heat and electricity. These impurities affect the microclimate of cities significantly. Pollution not only affects the area outside buildings, but getting into their interior through ventilation systems, which has an adverse effect on the indoor environment of buildings. High concentrations of CO2, cause a weakening of concentration in working people, which affects the deterioration of safety and work efficiency. For assessing air quality improvement on “green roofs”, a field study of CO2 content has been carried out on the “green roof” of a four-storey building, on a completely identical non-greened building, and on a highway with high-density traffic near them in Kiev. It was found that greening the roof significantly reduces the CO2 content from 501 ppm on the road and 452 ppm on the roof without protection to 410-415 ppm. It improves the conditions in which people work and rest.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Safe Routes to Transit Program in California

2015 ◽  
Vol 2534 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-100
Author(s):  
David Weinzimmer ◽  
Rebecca L. Sanders ◽  
Heidi Dittrich ◽  
Jill F. Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
San Francisco Bay ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
The Road ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Perceptions Of Safety ◽  
Food And Drink ◽  
On The Road ◽  
And Control

This paper elaborates on findings from an evaluation of the San Francisco Bay Area's Safe Routes to Transit (SR2T) program in California. This program funded enhancements to increase walking and cycling to regional transit stations. To understand how the program influenced travel choices, behavior, and perceptions of safety and local air quality, the study surveyed transit users and observed driver, pedestrian, and bicyclist behavior in the periods before and after the enhancements were made at multiple transit stations. Data from the treatment and control stations suggested that the streetscape and roadway improvements made through the SR2T program positively influenced the propensity to walk, bicycle, and take the bus to transit stations, as reported through surveys. In particular, the results showed that walking and bicycling increased by 3% at treatment sites compared with control sites. Bicycling also increased at control sites; this factor indicated a general societal shift. Furthermore, driving decreased 2.5% at treatment sites. Perceived air quality, in general, improved in the posttime period. When asked about perceived traffic risk, bicyclists more than pedestrians reported feeling safer on the road, with 10% of the bicyclists, on average, feeling safer after the improvements. There were also economic benefits from this project—pedestrians and bicyclists were overrepresented in those who stopped en route to transit for food and drink. The evidence suggested that the SR2T program positively affected the decision to walk and bicycle to access transit. The program is recommended for expansion to additional sites.

scholarly journals On the Road to Discover My Mayan Voice

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dina Hernandez
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North Carolina ◽  
Health Program ◽  
The United States ◽  
Migrant Farmworker ◽  
The Road ◽  
Good Samaritan ◽  
The Us ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The University

Dina Hernandez is from Morganton, NC where she lives with her husband of three years and their dog, Bandit. She recently graduated from the University of North Carolina at Greensboro with a BA in Spanish (June ‘19). She currently works as a Spanish interpreter at the Good Samaritan Clinic and as a Tele-behavioral Health Coordinator for the Migrant Farmworker Health Program. Her parents are originally from Huehuetenango, Guatemala and speak Akateko. They migrated to the United States in the 70s and from there have created a family here in the US with their five children. Dina is the youngest of her siblings.

scholarly journals Experimental Investigation of Top Mix Permeable Concrete on Pedestrian Pathway

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Asphalt Pavements ◽  
Porous Concrete ◽  
The Road ◽  
Passenger Traffic ◽  
The Us ◽  
Parking Garages ◽  
The Common ◽  
On The Road

Abstract. Our towns are increasingly protected by buildings and water paved pavements. Moreover, the city's climate is far from normal. Rainwater is not filtered underground due to the absence of the permeability of the common concrete pavement to water and air permeability. In addition, the exchange of heat and humidity with air is difficult for the soil, and it's not possible to change the temperature and relative humidity of the Earth's surface in urban areas. At the same time, the safety from both car and foot passenger traffic is limited by a plash on the road on a rainy day. Since the 1980s, work on permeable asphalt pavements has started in developed countries like the US and Japan. For roadway applications, permeable concrete is also widely used as a surface course in Europe and Japan Improving skid resistance and reducing noise from traffic. Only about 20 – 30 MPa can the material reach's compressive intensity. Due to their low strength, such materials cannot be used as pavement. Only frames, walking routes, parking garages, and park trails can be used with permeable concrete. Utilizing specified analyses, small materials, admixtures, organic intensifiers and changing the ratio, strength and abrasion resistance of the concrete mix, the porous concrete may be greatly enhanced.

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