Stabilization of Black Cotton Soil with Groundnut Shell Ash

The analysis of GSA for the stabilization of soil samples is the subject of this research paper. In recent years, soil stabilization techniques have been effective in improving the shear strength parameters of poor soils. GSA is a naturally occurring substance that causes human health and environmental issues. Physical properties of soil were calculated, including Atterberg's limits, compaction characteristics, and strength characteristics of virgin soil samples. GSA was applied to the soil in various percentages (2 to 10 percent). The soil sample's intensity increased up to 6% before decreasing. It is clear that 6% of GSA to the soil is an optimum percentage and it leads to an increase in shear strength and bearing capacity in expansive soil.

Study on Strength and Behaviour of Cold-Formed Steel Built-up Columns

Cold-formed Steel (CFS), a sort of steel weighing lesser, suits to be a wise choice of material in the construction of steel structures. It has more benefits that indeed make CFS get famous. Effortless installation can be accomplished with the CFS. It also renders a factor that only a few materials show, that is, longevity. Corrosion does not affect the CFS. Employing under moderate loads, CFS finds to be economically feasible when compared with hot-rolled steel. It can be used as compression members comprising single or built-up members. Since a single member cannot sustain the heavy load, the built-up members can be utilized. Open and closed sections are the two sorts of built-up profiles and these profiles show diverse buckling characteristics. This paper lays out a clear outline of the research works done on providing design recommendations to the codes by employing diverse built-up sections. It is reviewed by categorizing the investigated research works based on the kind of CFS sections chosen by each researcher. It was evident from the study that after validation, many researchers have done parametric study on CFS built-up columns to assess the accuracy of the design strength prediction by code specifications. Many codes failed to estimate the section’s ultimate capacity accurately as there are no specific design equations.

A Study on Fresh and Hardened Properties of Concrete with Partial Replacement of Bottom Ash as a Fine Aggregate

To overcome the shortage of natural resources for the production of concrete, many waste materials are used to replace the raw materials of concrete. In this way, bottom ash is one of the major industrial wastes which shall be used as the replacement of materials in concrete production. It shall be used to replace the materials either up to one-third. This review brings out the evaluation of the industrial waste material which can be repeatedly used as a substitution for concrete as fine aggregate. This paper reviewed the use of industrial waste i.e., bottom ash as fine aggregate in the concrete. The parameters discussed were physical, chemical, fresh, and hardened properties of the concrete with partial replacement of bottom ash. By reviewing some of the research papers, concluded that 10-15% replacement of fine aggregates is acceptable for all the properties of concrete. High utilization of natural sources -gives the pathway to produce more industrial wastes which are responsible for the development of new sustainable development.

Experimental Investigations on Eco-Friendly Helium-Mist Near-Dry Wire-Cut EDM of M2-HSS Material

In this paper, helium-assisted near-dry wire-cut electrical discharge machining (NDWEDM) method molybdenum wire has been used to reduce the environmental impact and to cut M2-HSS material. The pressurized non-reacting helium gas mixed with a small amount of water (Helium-mist) is used as the dielectric fluid to accomplish adequate cooling and flush-out debris. The new experimental setup has been developed to conduct the near-dry WEDM tests using the L9 orthogonal array of the Taguchi technique. The input parameters such as voltage (V), pulse-width (PW), pulse-interval (PI), and flow rate (F) of mixing water and output variables are the material removal rate (MRR) and surface roughness (Ra). It was observed that MRR and Ra are amplified by the rise in voltage and pulse-width, and flow rate conversely, the pulse interval minimizes the responses. The percentage of contribution of pulse width, voltage, pulse interval and flow rate are 24.06%, 32.98%, 12.75% and 30.21% on MRR and 20.94%, 22.22%, 47.86% and 8.97% on Ra respectively. Finally, the confirmation trials have been accomplished to validate the foreseen best parameter sets on optimal responses.

Experimental Study on the Behavior of Tension Member Under Rupture

A steel structure is naturally lighter than a comparable concrete construction because of the higher strength and firmness of steel. Nowadays, the growth of steel structures in India is enormous. There are so many advantages in adopting the steel as structural members. Almost all high-rise buildings, warehouses & go-downs are steel structures and even some of the commercial buildings are made of steel. Tension members are the elements that are subjected to direct axial load which tends in the elongation of the structural members. Even today bolted connections play a major role in the connection of hot rolled structural steel members. In this experimental study the behavior of tension members (TM) such as plates, angles & channels have been studied under axial tensile force. There is strong relation between pitch and gauge (with in the specified limit as per IS 800:2007) in determining the rupture failure plane. In this study we intensively tested the behaviour of TM for different fasteners pattern by changing the pitch, gauge, end & edge distance and by adopting the different patterns or arrangements of bolted connection in it.

Self-Compacting Concrete Properties of Recycled Coarse Aggregate

Self-compacting concrete, which is characterized by its capacity to flow, can also consolidate under its weight. Hardened concrete from concrete building demolition can be used to partially replace natural coarse aggregate in self-compacting concrete. The current study compares the properties of self-compacting concrete with 0 percent, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% substitution of recycled coarse aggregate in the fresh and hardened states. The evolution of passing ability properties using the L-box test, filling ability properties using the slump cone test, and segregation properties using the V-funnel test are also included. Compression, tension, and flexural strength are all checked for hardened properties. Rapid chloride permeability and sorptivity tests are used to assess durability. The experimental program revealed that at RCA utilization levels of 25% to 50%, little to no negative impact on power, workability, or durability properties was observed.

Feasibility Study on the Utilization of Manufactured Sand as a Partial Replacement for River Sand

Continuous extraction of sand is having a huge impact on the natural river beds which has resulted in lowering of water table and a decrease in the amount of sediment supply. Despite the quantity of sand used in our day-to-day activities, our dependence on sand is significantly increasing. The use of manufactured sand as a fine aggregate in concrete draws the attention of many investigators and researchers. The present investigation includes the study of soundness and EDAX .The test results depicted that for M-sand substituted concrete the loss of weight, when subjected to alternate cycles of freezing and thawing when tested with magnesium and sodium sulphate solution was found to be less when compared with natural sand. The important observation is that the inclusion of manufactured sand in concrete reduces the pores present in concrete resulting in matrix densification and makes the concrete impermeable and substantially reduces the rate of oxygen diffusion and reduces the corrosion process as well. This paper also focuses on the effect of manufactured sand as a fine aggregate in the elastic and bond characteristics of concrete.

An Experimental Investigation on Concrete Filled Steel Tube Columns Under Axial Compression

This paper presents an experimental investigation on the behaviour of concrete filled steel tube columns under axial compression. The steel columns were filled with self-compacting and self-curing concrete instead of normal conventional concrete. A test program consisting of square column, circular column and rectangular column was firstly conducted. The behaviour of three concrete filled steel tubular sections (CFSTs) under axial load is presented. The effect of steel tube dimensions, shapes and confinement of concrete are also examined. Measured column strengths are compared with the values predicted by Euro code 4 and American codes. Euro code 4, gives good estimation of self-compaction concrete. However, lower values as measured during the experiments were predicted by the American Concrete Institute (ACI) equation. Also, the effect of thickness of steel tubes, concrete cube strength and steel percentage is also studied. In addition to CFST column the steel tube also acts as confinement for concrete.

Performance of Additive Blended High Volume Fly Ash Concrete - A Systematic Literature Study

Replacing cement with fly ash has recently created huge popularity among the construction field because of its huge production, efficient resources and sustainability aspect. This study is made to determine the High-Volume fly-ash concrete (HVFC) performance by adding additives. The general used concrete mixture is prepared by proportioning fly ash (40-50%) as a replacement. The concrete specimen was found to have better compressive strengths and hence, passed the strength tests. By incorporating additive Nano-SiO2 and superplasticizer the following compression, flexural rigidity, splitting tensile strength and elasticity modulus were observed in the specimen to establish the cement and fly ash bond. The concrete performance mix with replacement fly ash at different percent was found to have good compressive strength during test and stayed undamaged during the entire period of exposure.

Experimental Investigation of Top Mix Permeable Concrete on Pedestrian Pathway

Our towns are increasingly protected by buildings and water paved pavements. Moreover, the city's climate is far from normal. Rainwater is not filtered underground due to the absence of the permeability of the common concrete pavement to water and air permeability. In addition, the exchange of heat and humidity with air is difficult for the soil, and it's not possible to change the temperature and relative humidity of the Earth's surface in urban areas. At the same time, the safety from both car and foot passenger traffic is limited by a plash on the road on a rainy day. Since the 1980s, work on permeable asphalt pavements has started in developed countries like the US and Japan. For roadway applications, permeable concrete is also widely used as a surface course in Europe and Japan Improving skid resistance and reducing noise from traffic. Only about 20 – 30 MPa can the material reach's compressive intensity. Due to their low strength, such materials cannot be used as pavement. Only frames, walking routes, parking garages, and park trails can be used with permeable concrete. Utilizing specified analyses, small materials, admixtures, organic intensifiers and changing the ratio, strength and abrasion resistance of the concrete mix, the porous concrete may be greatly enhanced.