Sputum culture and drug sensitivity testing outcome among X-pert Mycobacterium tuberculosis/rifampicin-positive, rifampicin-resistant sputum: A retrospective study — Not all rifampicin resistance is multi-drug resistant

The objective of the study: to analyze the frequency and patterns of drug resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) according to the results of microbiological tests of surgical specimens of the patients who underwent surgery due to tuberculosis, and to compare them with the results of sputum tests done in the pre-operative period. Subjects and methods. The data of surgical specimens from 170 patients operated due to tuberculosis were analyzed. The surgical specimens were sent for histological and microbiological tests (detection of MTB DNA and rifampicin resistance by GeneXpert, culture on solid media with drug sensitivity testing). Results. The molecular genetic testing of surgical specimens by GeneXpert was highly effective for detection of rifampicin resistance; in 97.8% of cases, there was a match with the results of sputum culture with consecutive DST performed before the surgery. Molecular genetic tests of surgical specimens allowed detecting MTB DNA in 66.1% of patients in whom no MTB or MTB DNA was detected in sputum and bronchial washings prior to the surgery, and of them in 28.2% of cases, rifampicin resistance was detected, which was unknown before the surgery. These data allowed prescribing adequate chemotherapy immediately after surgery.

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Phenotypic and genotypic drug sensitivity profiles of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and associated factors in northeastern Ethiopia

BMC Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1186/s12879-021-05961-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Fikru Gashaw ◽

Berhanu Erko ◽

Yalemtsehay Mekonnen ◽

Bazezew Yenew ◽

Misikir Amare ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Resistance ◽

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Drug Sensitivity ◽

Diagnostic Tools ◽

Multi Drug Resistance ◽

Drug Resistant ◽

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection ◽

Sensitivity Testing ◽

Culture Positive

Abstract Background Tuberculosis is a devastating and a deadly disease despite the novel advances in its diagnostic tools and drug therapy. Drug resistant Mycobacterium contributes a great share to tuberculosis mortality. Status of drug resistance and patients’ awareness toward the disease is unknown in northeastern Ethiopia. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the phenotypic and genotypic drug sensitivity patterns and associated factors in Oromia Special Zone and Dessie Town, northeastern Ethiopia. Methods In a cross-sectional study, 384 smear positive tuberculosis cases were recruited and Löwenstein-Jensen culture was done. The performance of GenoTypic MTBDRplus assay using the conventional BACTEC MGIT 960 as a “gold standard” was determined. Drug resistant strains were identified using spoligotyping. Pearson Chi-square test was used to determine the association of drug sensitivity test and tuberculosis type, lineages, dominant strains and clustering of the isolates. Results The 384 smear positive Mycobacterium samples were cultured on LJ media of which 29.2% (112/384) as culture positive. A fair agreement was found between MTBDRplus assay and the conventional MGIT test in detecting the Mycobacterium tuberculosis with sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value of 94.2, 30.2, 68.4 and 76.5%, respectively. Among LJ culture positive samples 95 of them gave valid result for MTBDRplus assay and 16.8% (16/95) as drug resistant. Similarly, MGIT subculture was made for the 112 isolates and 69 of them gave positive result with 15.9% (11/69) as drug resistant. Cohen’s kappa value showed almost a perfect agreement between the two testing methods in detecting rifampicin (sensitivity 100% and specificity 98.3%) and multi-drug resistance (sensitivity 83.3% and specificity 100%). Spoligotyping identified 76.5% (13/17) of the drug resistant isolates as Euro-American and family 33 as the predominant family. Significant association was observed between drug resistant isolates and the dominant strains (χ2: 34.861; p = 0.040) of the Mycobacterium. Conclusion Higher magnitude of drug resistance was found in the study area. The GenoTypic MDRTBplus assay had an acceptable drug sensitivity testing performance.

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Susceptibility pattern of Mycobacterium tuberculosis over a period of five years at Indus Hospital and Health Network, Karachi, Pakistan

Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.12669/pjms.38.icon-2022.5778 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 38 (ICON-2022) ◽

Author(s):

Nazia Khursheed ◽

Sunil Asif ◽

Safia Bano ◽

Maria Mushtaq Ali ◽

Fareeha Adnan

Keyword(s):

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽

Drug Sensitivity ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Drug Resistant ◽

Susceptibility Pattern ◽

Sensitivity Testing ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Health Network

Objective: To determine the susceptibility pattern and frequency of isolation of multidrug, pre-extensively drug and extensively drug resistant TB in a tertiary care hospital in Karachi, Pakistan. Method: A cross-sectional study was designed. Samples received in the lab were processed for growth and sensitivity testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Isolation of MTB was done on Mycobacteria growth indicator tube (MGIT) followed by identification using MPT64. Samples were than evaluated for drug sensitivity against first and second-line antimycobacterial drugs. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 24.0. Results: Of the 20014 samples received, 23.1% were identified as Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Drug sensitivity testing was performed on 95.9% isolates. Fifty-two percent samples were from males and 48% female patients. The study found statistically non-significant relationship between gender and likelihood of disease with drug-resistant (DR)-MTB organisms. The rate of isolation of MDR-TB was highest (43%) among ages 25-55 years and previously treated patients compared to newly diagnosed patients (62% vs 36%). Among MTB positive samples, 91.5% were pulmonary while 8.5% were extrapulmonary samples. Extrapulmonary samples were more likely to be sensitive to antimycobacterial drugs. The highest resistance was observed against Isoniazid (pulmonary=58%; extrapulmonary=12.7%), Rifampicin (pulmonary=58.7%; extrapulmonary=8.2%), and Levofloxacin (pulmonary=29.2%; extrapulmonary=20%). Conclusion: A considerable number of drug resistant tuberculosis cases were identified in the present study. It is essential to develop further strategies to reduce the spread of this disease. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.ICON-2022.5778 How to cite this:Khursheed N, Asif S, Bano S, Ali MM, Adnan F. Susceptibility pattern of Mycobacterium tuberculosis over a period of five years at Indus Hospital and Health Network, Karachi, Pakistan. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(2):399-404. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.ICON-2022.5778 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Assessment of Training on Culture and Drug Sensitivity Testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis at a National Reference Laboratory

Mycobacterial Diseases ◽

10.4172/2161-1068.1000264 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 08 (03) ◽

Author(s):

Radhakrishnan R ◽

Prabuseenivasan S ◽

Balaji S ◽

Sangamithirai D ◽

Nagarajan P ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽

Drug Sensitivity ◽

Reference Laboratory ◽

National Reference Laboratory ◽

Sensitivity Testing ◽

National Reference ◽

Drug Sensitivity Testing

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Phenotypic and genotypic drug sensitivity profiles of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and associated factors in northeastern Ethiopia

10.21203/rs.3.rs-127306/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Fikru Gashaw ◽

Berhanu Erko ◽

Yalemtsehay Mekonnen ◽

Bazezew Yenew ◽

Misikir Amare ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Resistance ◽

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Drug Sensitivity ◽

Diagnostic Tools ◽

Multi Drug Resistance ◽

Drug Resistant ◽

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection ◽

Sensitivity Testing ◽

Perfect Agreement

Abstract Background Tuberculosis is a devastating and a deadly disease despite the novel advances in its diagnostic tools and drug therapy. Drug resistant Mycobacterium contributes a great share to tuberculosis mortality. Status of drug resistance and patients’ awareness toward the disease is unknown in northeastern Ethiopia. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the phenotypic and genotypic drug sensitivity patterns and associated factors in Oromia Special Zone and Dessie Town, northeastern Ethiopia. Methods In a cross-sectional study, 384 smear positive tuberculosis cases were recruited and Löwenstein-Jensen culture was done. The performance of GenoTypic MTBDRplus assay using the conventional BACTEC MGIT 960 as a "gold standard" was determined. Drug resistant strains were identified using spoligotyping. Pearson Chi-square test was used to determine the association of drug sensitivity test and tuberculosis type, lineages, dominant strains and clustering of the isolates. For the assessment of patients’ awareness towards the disease questionnaires were used. Results A fair agreement was found between MTBDRplus assay and the conventional MGIT test in detecting the Mycobacterium tuberculosis with sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value of 94.2%, 30.2%, 68.4% and 76.5%, respectively. The MTBDRplus assay detected 16.8% (16/95) of the isolates as drug resistant and MGIT detected a comparable number 15.9% (11/69) as resistant. Cohen's kappa value showed almost a perfect agreement between the two testing methods in detecting rifampicin (sensitivity 100% and specificity 98.3%) and multi-drug resistance (sensitivity 83.3% and specificity 100%). Spoligotyping identified 76.5% (13/17) of the drug resistant isolates as Euro-American and family 33 as the predominant family. Significant association was observed between drug resistant isolates and the dominant strains (χ2: 34.861; p = 0.040). Majority of the patients heard about tuberculosis as compared to drug resistant Mycobacterium. Conclusion Higher magnitude of drug resistance was found in the study area. The GenoTypic MDRTBplus assay had an acceptable drug sensitivity testing performance. Patients’ awareness towards the disease specifically to the resistant Mycobacterium was low.

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Molecular typing and drug sensitivity testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated by a community-based survey in Ethiopia

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-015-2105-7 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Muluwork Getahun ◽

Gobena Ameni ◽

Abebaw Kebede ◽

Zelalem Yaregal ◽

Elena Hailu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽

Molecular Typing ◽

Drug Sensitivity ◽

Sensitivity Testing ◽

Community Based ◽

Drug Sensitivity Testing

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Ex Vivo Analysis of Primary Tumor Specimens for Evaluation of Cancer Therapeutics

Annual Review of Cancer Biology ◽

10.1146/annurev-cancerbio-043020-125955 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Cristina E. Tognon ◽

Rosalie C. Sears ◽

Gordon B. Mills ◽

Joe W. Gray ◽

Jeffrey W. Tyner

Keyword(s):

Primary Tumor ◽

Cancer Biology ◽

Drug Sensitivity ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Publication Date ◽

Sensitivity Testing ◽

Drug Activity ◽

Drug Sensitivity Testing ◽

Cancer Pathogenesis ◽

Tumor Types

The use of ex vivo drug sensitivity testing to predict drug activity in individual patients has been actively explored for almost 50 years without delivering a generally useful predictive capability. However, extended failure should not be an indicator of futility. This is especially true in cancer research, where ultimate success is often preceded by less successful attempts. For example, both immune- and genetic-based targeted therapies for cancer underwent numerous failed attempts before biological understanding, improved targets, and optimized drug development matured to facilitate an arsenal of transformational drugs. Similarly, directly assessing drug sensitivity of primary tumor biopsies—and the use of this information to help direct therapeutic approaches—has a long history with a definitive learning curve. In this review, we survey the history of ex vivo testing and the current state of the art for this field. We present an update on methodologies and approaches, describe the use of these technologies to test cutting-edge drug classes, and describe an increasingly nuanced understanding of tumor types and models for which this strategy is most likely to succeed. We consider the relative strengths and weaknesses of predicting drug activity across the broad biological context of cancer patients and tumor types. This includes an analysis of the potential for ex vivo drug sensitivity testing to accurately predict drug activity within each of the biological hallmarks of cancer pathogenesis. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Cancer Biology, Volume 5 is March 4, 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

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Malaria drug-sensitivity testing: new assays, new perspectives

Trends in Parasitology ◽

10.1016/s1471-4922(03)00028-x ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 19 (4) ◽

pp. 175-181 ◽

Cited By ~ 86

Author(s):

Harald Noedl ◽

Chansuda Wongsrichanalai ◽

Walther H. Wernsdorfer

Keyword(s):

Drug Sensitivity ◽

Sensitivity Testing ◽

Drug Sensitivity Testing

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