Implementation of new legislative measures on industrial risks prevention and control in urban areas

Equine infectious anemia (EIA) is an infectious viral disease caused by a Lentivirus, which affects equids worldwide. The disease has no currently treatment and euthanasia of infected animals is mandatory by the Brazilian Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Supply (MAPA) as basis for disease control. Carthorses are used to move daily throughout the cities with their owners to collect recycling materials. Considering the socio-economic importance of this group of horses, the aim of this study was to determine the infection rate of EIA virus in carthorses from urban areas of Curitiba and surroundings. The detection of anti-EIA virus antibodies was performed by the agar gel immunodiffusion test (AGID). One out of 97 (1.03%) horse was positive for EIA. Active surveillance programs are crucial for monitoring, prevention and control of infectious diseases, particularly in carthorses, which may act as disseminators of pathogens.

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Epidemiological study of scarlet fever in Shenyang, China

BMC Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1186/s12879-019-4705-9 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Huijie Chen ◽

Ye Chen ◽

Baijun Sun ◽

Lihai Wen ◽

Xiangdong An

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Scarlet Fever ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Primary Schools ◽

Prevention And Control ◽

Hot Spot ◽

Temporal Distribution ◽

Control Measures ◽

And Control ◽

Epidemiological Characteristics

Abstract Background Since 2011, there has been an increase in the incidence of scarlet fever across China. The main objective of this study was to depict the spatiotemporal epidemiological characteristics of the incidence of scarlet fever in Shenyang, China, in 2018 so as to provide the scientific basis for effective strategies of scarlet control and prevention. Methods Excel 2010 was used to demonstrate the temporal distribution at the month level and ArcGIS10.3 was used to demonstrate the spatial distribution at the district/county level. Moran’s autocorrelation coefficient was used to examine the spatial autocorrelation and the Getis-Ord statistic was used to determine the hot-spot areas of scarlet fever. Results A total of 2314 scarlet fever cases were reported in Shenyang in 2018 with an annual incidence of 31.24 per 100,000. The incidence among males was higher than that among females(p<0.001). A vast majority of the cases (96.89%) were among children aged 3 to 11 years. The highest incidence was 625.34/100,000 in children aged 5–9 years. In 2018 there were two seasonal peaks of scarlet fever in June (summer-peak) and December (winter-peak). The incidence of scarlet fever in urban areas was significantly higher than that in rural areas(p<0.001). The incidence of scarlet fever was randomly distributed in Shenyang. There are hotspot areas located in seven districts. Conclusions Urban areas are the hot spots of scarlet fever and joint prevention and control measures between districts should be applied. Children aged 3–11 are the main source of scarlet fever and therefore the introduction of prevention and control into kindergarten and primary schools may be key to the control of scarlet fever epidemics.

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Epidemiological study of scarlet fever in Shenyang , China

10.21203/rs.2.10104/v4 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Huijie Chen ◽

Ye Chen ◽

Baijun Sun ◽

Lihai Wen ◽

Xiangdong An

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Scarlet Fever ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Primary Schools ◽

Prevention And Control ◽

Hot Spot ◽

Temporal Distribution ◽

Control Measures ◽

And Control ◽

Epidemiological Characteristics

Abstract Background: Since 2011, there has been an increase in the incidence of scarlet fever across China. The main objective of this study was to depict the spatiotemporal epidemiological characteristics of the incidence of scarlet fever in Shenyang, China, in 2018 so as to provide the scientific basis for effective strategies of scarlet control and prevention. Methods: Excel 2010 was used to demonstrate the temporal distribution at the month level and ArcGIS10.3 was used to demonstrate the spatial distribution at the district/county level. Moran’s autocorrelation coefficient was used to examine the spatial autocorrelation and the Getis-Ord statistic was used to determine the hot-spot areas of scarlet fever. Results: A total of 2,314 scarlet fever cases were reported in Shenyang in 2018 with an annual incidence of 31.24 per 100,000. The incidence among males was higher than that among females（p＜0.001). A vast majority of the cases (96.89%) were among children aged 3 to 11 years. The highest incidence was 625.34/100,000 in children aged 5-9 years. In 2018 there were two seasonal peaks of scarlet fever in June (summer-peak) and December (winter-peak).The incidence of scarlet fever in urban areas was significantly higher than that in rural areas(p＜0.001).The incidence of scarlet fever was randomly distributed in Shenyang. There are hotspot areas located in seven districts. Conclusions: Urban areas are the hot spots of scarlet fever and joint prevention and control measures between districts should be applied. Children aged 3-11 are the main source of scarlet fever and therefore the introduction of prevention and control into kindergarten and primary schools may be key to the control of scarlet fever epidemics.

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Epidemiological study of scarlet fever in Shenyang City, China

10.21203/rs.2.10104/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Huijie Chen ◽

Ye Chen ◽

Baijun Sun ◽

Lihai Wen ◽

Xiangdong An

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Hot Spots ◽

Scarlet Fever ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Primary Schools ◽

Prevention And Control ◽

Hot Spot ◽

Control Measures ◽

And Control ◽

Epidemiological Characteristics

Abstract Objectives: To depict the Spatiotemporal epidemiological characteristics of the incidence of scarlet fever in Shenyang, China, in 2018 so as to provide the scientific basis for effective strategies of scarlet control and prevention. Methods: Excel 2010 was used to demonstrate the temporal distribution at the month level and ArcGIS10.3 was used to demonstrate the spatial distribution at the district/county level. Moran’s autocorrelation coefficient was used to examine the spatial autocorrelation and the Getis-Ord statistic was used to determine the hot-spot areas of scarlet fever. Results: A total of 2,314 scarlet fever cases were reported in Shenyang in 2018 with an annual incidence of 31.24 per 100,000. The incidence among males was higher than that among females(X2=95.013, P≤0.001). A vast majority of the cases (96.89%) were among children aged 3 to 11 years. The highest incidence was 625.34/100,000 in children aged 5-9 years. There are two seasonal peaks occurred in June (Summer-peak) and in December (Winter-peak) in 2018. The incidence of scarlet fever in urban areas was significantly higher than that in rural areas(X2=514.115, P≤0.001).The incidence of scarlet fever was randomly distributed in Shenyang. There are hot-spots areas located in seven districts. Conclusions: Urban areas are the hot spots of scarlet fever and joint prevention and control measures between districts should be applied. Children in the kindergartens and the primary school students are the main population of scarlet fever and the time distribution of scarlet fever is highly consistent with their school and vacation time. It is suggested that measure for prevention and control of scarlet fever in kindergartens and primary schools is the key to control the epidemic of scarlet fever.

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Perceptions and Experiences of Frontline Urban Indian Organization Healthcare Workers With Infection Prevention and Control During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Frontiers in Sociology ◽

10.3389/fsoc.2021.611961 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 ◽

Author(s):

Noah Collins ◽

Jolie Crowder ◽

Jamie Ishcomer-Aazami ◽

Dionne Apedjihoun

Keyword(s):

Native American ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Prevention And Control ◽

Healthcare Workers ◽

Infection Prevention ◽

The United States ◽

Infection Prevention And Control ◽

National Council ◽

Urban Indian ◽

And Control

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has created significant challenges for outpatient healthcare providers and patients across the United States (U.S.). Forty-one Urban Indian Organizations (UIOs), who provide a wide spectrum of health services for American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) populations and other underinsured and uninsured populations in urban areas across the country, are no exception. The National Council of Urban Indian Health (NCUIH), in collaboration with the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), set out to understand the needs, challenges, and opportunities for improvement in infection prevention and control (IPC) training and systems from the perspective of UIO frontline healthcare workers. As part of the CDC's Project Firstline, NCUIH was chosen as a partner in a national collaborative. The first task was to conduct listening sessions with frontline UIO staff to learn more about IPC practices in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Thirty staff from 16 UIOs, representing full ambulatory, limited ambulatory, outreach and referral, and outpatient and residential treatment programs participated in virtual video focus groups in July of 2020. Thematic and content analysis protocols guided data analysis and coding. Analysis of findings generated four major themes: staff adaptation in the context of resilience; responsibility and duty to protect patients, families, and coworkers; mental and emotional issues for UIO staff; and IPC challenges in the context of COVID-19. Participants' challenges ranged from lack of access to personal protective equipment (PPE) to the absence of standardized training. Significant disparities in social determinants of health experienced by Native American and non-Native populations served by UIOs create additional challenges to the delivery of and access to care during the pandemic. The diverse array of tribal cultural values and contexts of the people and communities served by UIOs reportedly serve as both facilitators and barriers to care, awareness, and uptake of infectious disease public health practices.

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Interaction of interregional O3 pollution using complex network analysis

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.12095 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. e12095

Author(s):

Qiang Zhang ◽

Yunan Zhu ◽

Dianxiang Xu ◽

Jiaqiong Yuan ◽

Zhihe Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spatial Correlation ◽

Complex Network ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Prevention And Control ◽

Mutual Influence ◽

Regional Governance ◽

Local Conditions ◽

Lanzhou City ◽

And Control ◽

The Impact

In order to improve the accuracy of air pollution management and promote the efficiency of coordinated inter-regional prevention and control, this study analyzes the interaction of O3 in Qilihe District, Lanzhou City, China. Data used for analysis was obtained from 63 air quality monitoring stations between November 2017 and October 2018. This paper uses complex network theory to describe the network structure characteristics of O3 pollution spatial correlation. On this basis, the node importance method is used to mine the sub-network with the highest spatial correlation in the O3 network, and use transfer entropy theory to analyse the interaction of pollutants between regions. The results show that the O3 area of Qilihe District, Lanzhou City can be divided into three parts: the urban street community type areas in urban areas, the township and village type areas in mountain areas and the scattered areas represented by isolated nodes. An analysis of the mutual influence of O3 between each area revealed that the impact of O3 on each monitoring station in adjacent areas will vary considerably. Therefore these areas cannot be governed as a whole, and the traditional extensive management measures based on administrative divisions cannot be used to replace all other regional governance measures. There is the need to develop a joint prevention and control mechanism tailored to local conditions in order to improve the accuracy and efficiency of O3 governance.

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Epidemiological study of scarlet fever in Shenyang , China

10.21203/rs.2.10104/v2 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Huijie Chen ◽

Ye Chen ◽

Baijun Sun ◽

Lihai Wen ◽

Xiangdong An

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Scarlet Fever ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Primary Schools ◽

Prevention And Control ◽

Hot Spot ◽

Temporal Distribution ◽

Control Measures ◽

And Control ◽

Epidemiological Characteristics

Abstract Background : Since 2011, the rising incidence of scarlet fever has exerted a marked influence on people. The main objective of this study was to depict the Spatiotemporal epidemiological characteristics of the incidence of scarlet fever in Shenyang, China, in 2018 so as to provide the scientific basis for effective strategies of scarlet control and prevention. Methods: Excel 2010 was used to demonstrate the temporal distribution at the month level and ArcGIS10.3 was used to demonstrate the spatial distribution at the district/county level. Moran’s autocorrelation coefficient was used to examine the spatial autocorrelation and the Getis-Ord statistic was used to determine the hot-spot areas of scarlet fever. Results: A total of 2,314 scarlet fever cases were reported in Shenyang in 2018 with an annual incidence of 31.24 per 100,000. The incidence among males was higher than that among females（ p ＜0.001). A vast majority of the cases (96.89%) were among children aged 3 to 11 years. The highest incidence was 625.34/100,000 in children aged 5-9 years. There are two seasonal peaks occurred in June (Summer-peak) and in December (Winter-peak) in 2018. The incidence of scarlet fever in urban areas was significantly higher than that in rural areas( p ＜0.001).The incidence of scarlet fever was randomly distributed in Shenyang. There are hotspot areas located in seven districts. Conclusions: Urban areas are the hot spots of scarlet fever and joint prevention and control measures between districts should be applied. Children in the kindergartens and the primary schools are the main population of scarlet fever and measures for prevention and control in kindergartens and primary schools may be the key to control the epidemic of scarlet fever.

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Market Risks Prevention and Control of "Going Global" for Chinese Electrical Enterprises

Procedia Computer Science ◽

10.1016/j.procs.2019.11.251 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 162 ◽

pp. 15-18

Author(s):

Mingyue Jiang ◽

Guowei Gao ◽

Yirui Deng ◽

Chenglong Wang

Keyword(s):

Prevention And Control ◽

Market Risks ◽

Risks Prevention ◽

And Control

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Variation in Community Perception on Mosquito-Borne Diseases between Urban and Rural Communities in Gombe State, Nigeria

Asian Journal of Biology ◽

10.9734/ajob/2020/v10i430114 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 32-38

Author(s):

Ezra Abba ◽

Tabitha Paul ◽

Kennedy Poloma Yoriyo ◽

Blessing Chinwendu Emmanuel

Keyword(s):

Rural Community ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Prevention And Control ◽

Urban Community ◽

Malaria Prevention ◽

The Other ◽

Community Perception ◽

Breeding Sites ◽

Rural Respondent ◽

And Control

Aims: This work is aimed at knowing the variation in community perception on mosquito-borne diseases between urban (Gombe) and rural (Filiya) of Gombe State. Study Design: Each of the two communities was sectioned into longitudinal zones and 150 houses were then randomly selected from the zones in each of the communities for the administration of questionnaires. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted between April and June 2018 in Gombe and Filiya communities of Gombe state. Methodology: Quantitative data were collected utilizing open-ended questionnaire covering 300 respondents. Results: In Gombe (urban community) 98% of respondents had knowledge about mosquitos’ existence unlike Filiya (rural community) with 74%. Concerning mosquito-borne diseases, up to 92% of urban dwellers are aware of one or more mosquito-borne diseases compared to the rural respondent with 46% awareness. 68% of the urban respondents agreed that the frequent breeding places for mosquitoes are drains and polluted waters. On the other hand, 28% of the respondents from the rural community shared this view about the frequent breeding sites of the mosquitoes with the urban dwellers. More so, up to 34% of the rural respondent does not know mosquito breeding sites. Majority of the respondent in the urban areas relied on Nets for protection against mosquito bites while the rural respondent majorly uses coils. Only 36% of respondents in urban community source their treatment from Government health facility against 12% in the rural community. Half of the respondent in the rural community sought treatment from one source or the other. Conclusion: The popular Mosquito-Borne disease is malaria. Most people have a fair knowledge about malaria prevention and control and see malaria as a threat to their lives and community but the majority had poor practices towards malaria prevention and control. The government should intensify the campaign against malaria.

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Epidemiological study of scarlet fever in Shenyang , China

10.21203/rs.2.10104/v3 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Huijie Chen ◽

Ye Chen ◽

Baijun Sun ◽

Lihai Wen ◽

Xiangdong An

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Scarlet Fever ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Primary Schools ◽

Prevention And Control ◽

Hot Spot ◽

Temporal Distribution ◽

Control Measures ◽

And Control ◽

Epidemiological Characteristics

Abstract Background: Since 2011, there has been an increase in the incidence of scarlet fever across China. The main objective of this study was to depict the spatiotemporal epidemiological characteristics of the incidence of scarlet fever in Shenyang, China, in 2018 so as to provide the scientific basis for effective strategies of scarlet control and prevention. Methods: Excel 2010 was used to demonstrate the temporal distribution at the month level and ArcGIS10.3 was used to demonstrate the spatial distribution at the district/county level. Moran’s autocorrelation coefficient was used to examine the spatial autocorrelation and the Getis-Ord statistic was used to determine the hot-spot areas of scarlet fever. Results: A total of 2,314 scarlet fever cases were reported in Shenyang in 2018 with an annual incidence of 31.24 per 100,000. The incidence among males was higher than that among females（p＜0.001). A vast majority of the cases (96.89%) were among children aged 3 to 11 years. The highest incidence was 625.34/100,000 in children aged 5-9 years. In 2018 there were two seasonal peaks of scarlet fever in June (summer-peak) and December (winter-peak).The incidence of scarlet fever in urban areas was significantly higher than that in rural areas(p＜0.001).The incidence of scarlet fever was randomly distributed in Shenyang. There are hotspot areas located in seven districts. Conclusions: Urban areas are the hot spots of scarlet fever and joint prevention and control measures between districts should be applied. Children aged 3-11 are the main source of scarlet fever and therefore the introduction of prevention and control into kindergarten and primary schools may be key to the control of scarlet fever epidemics.

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