Epidemiological study of scarlet fever in Shenyang City, China

Abstract Objectives: To depict the Spatiotemporal epidemiological characteristics of the incidence of scarlet fever in Shenyang, China, in 2018 so as to provide the scientific basis for effective strategies of scarlet control and prevention. Methods: Excel 2010 was used to demonstrate the temporal distribution at the month level and ArcGIS10.3 was used to demonstrate the spatial distribution at the district/county level. Moran’s autocorrelation coefficient was used to examine the spatial autocorrelation and the Getis-Ord statistic was used to determine the hot-spot areas of scarlet fever. Results: A total of 2,314 scarlet fever cases were reported in Shenyang in 2018 with an annual incidence of 31.24 per 100,000. The incidence among males was higher than that among females(X2=95.013, P≤0.001). A vast majority of the cases (96.89%) were among children aged 3 to 11 years. The highest incidence was 625.34/100,000 in children aged 5-9 years. There are two seasonal peaks occurred in June (Summer-peak) and in December (Winter-peak) in 2018. The incidence of scarlet fever in urban areas was significantly higher than that in rural areas(X2=514.115, P≤0.001).The incidence of scarlet fever was randomly distributed in Shenyang. There are hot-spots areas located in seven districts. Conclusions: Urban areas are the hot spots of scarlet fever and joint prevention and control measures between districts should be applied. Children in the kindergartens and the primary school students are the main population of scarlet fever and the time distribution of scarlet fever is highly consistent with their school and vacation time. It is suggested that measure for prevention and control of scarlet fever in kindergartens and primary schools is the key to control the epidemic of scarlet fever.

Download Full-text

Epidemiological study of scarlet fever in Shenyang, China

BMC Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1186/s12879-019-4705-9 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Huijie Chen ◽

Ye Chen ◽

Baijun Sun ◽

Lihai Wen ◽

Xiangdong An

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Scarlet Fever ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Primary Schools ◽

Prevention And Control ◽

Hot Spot ◽

Temporal Distribution ◽

Control Measures ◽

And Control ◽

Epidemiological Characteristics

Abstract Background Since 2011, there has been an increase in the incidence of scarlet fever across China. The main objective of this study was to depict the spatiotemporal epidemiological characteristics of the incidence of scarlet fever in Shenyang, China, in 2018 so as to provide the scientific basis for effective strategies of scarlet control and prevention. Methods Excel 2010 was used to demonstrate the temporal distribution at the month level and ArcGIS10.3 was used to demonstrate the spatial distribution at the district/county level. Moran’s autocorrelation coefficient was used to examine the spatial autocorrelation and the Getis-Ord statistic was used to determine the hot-spot areas of scarlet fever. Results A total of 2314 scarlet fever cases were reported in Shenyang in 2018 with an annual incidence of 31.24 per 100,000. The incidence among males was higher than that among females(p<0.001). A vast majority of the cases (96.89%) were among children aged 3 to 11 years. The highest incidence was 625.34/100,000 in children aged 5–9 years. In 2018 there were two seasonal peaks of scarlet fever in June (summer-peak) and December (winter-peak). The incidence of scarlet fever in urban areas was significantly higher than that in rural areas(p<0.001). The incidence of scarlet fever was randomly distributed in Shenyang. There are hotspot areas located in seven districts. Conclusions Urban areas are the hot spots of scarlet fever and joint prevention and control measures between districts should be applied. Children aged 3–11 are the main source of scarlet fever and therefore the introduction of prevention and control into kindergarten and primary schools may be key to the control of scarlet fever epidemics.

Download Full-text

Epidemiological study of scarlet fever in Shenyang , China

10.21203/rs.2.10104/v4 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Huijie Chen ◽

Ye Chen ◽

Baijun Sun ◽

Lihai Wen ◽

Xiangdong An

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Scarlet Fever ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Primary Schools ◽

Prevention And Control ◽

Hot Spot ◽

Temporal Distribution ◽

Control Measures ◽

And Control ◽

Epidemiological Characteristics

Abstract Background: Since 2011, there has been an increase in the incidence of scarlet fever across China. The main objective of this study was to depict the spatiotemporal epidemiological characteristics of the incidence of scarlet fever in Shenyang, China, in 2018 so as to provide the scientific basis for effective strategies of scarlet control and prevention. Methods: Excel 2010 was used to demonstrate the temporal distribution at the month level and ArcGIS10.3 was used to demonstrate the spatial distribution at the district/county level. Moran’s autocorrelation coefficient was used to examine the spatial autocorrelation and the Getis-Ord statistic was used to determine the hot-spot areas of scarlet fever. Results: A total of 2,314 scarlet fever cases were reported in Shenyang in 2018 with an annual incidence of 31.24 per 100,000. The incidence among males was higher than that among females（p＜0.001). A vast majority of the cases (96.89%) were among children aged 3 to 11 years. The highest incidence was 625.34/100,000 in children aged 5-9 years. In 2018 there were two seasonal peaks of scarlet fever in June (summer-peak) and December (winter-peak).The incidence of scarlet fever in urban areas was significantly higher than that in rural areas(p＜0.001).The incidence of scarlet fever was randomly distributed in Shenyang. There are hotspot areas located in seven districts. Conclusions: Urban areas are the hot spots of scarlet fever and joint prevention and control measures between districts should be applied. Children aged 3-11 are the main source of scarlet fever and therefore the introduction of prevention and control into kindergarten and primary schools may be key to the control of scarlet fever epidemics.

Download Full-text

Epidemiological study of scarlet fever in Shenyang , China

10.21203/rs.2.10104/v2 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Huijie Chen ◽

Ye Chen ◽

Baijun Sun ◽

Lihai Wen ◽

Xiangdong An

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Scarlet Fever ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Primary Schools ◽

Prevention And Control ◽

Hot Spot ◽

Temporal Distribution ◽

Control Measures ◽

And Control ◽

Epidemiological Characteristics

Abstract Background : Since 2011, the rising incidence of scarlet fever has exerted a marked influence on people. The main objective of this study was to depict the Spatiotemporal epidemiological characteristics of the incidence of scarlet fever in Shenyang, China, in 2018 so as to provide the scientific basis for effective strategies of scarlet control and prevention. Methods: Excel 2010 was used to demonstrate the temporal distribution at the month level and ArcGIS10.3 was used to demonstrate the spatial distribution at the district/county level. Moran’s autocorrelation coefficient was used to examine the spatial autocorrelation and the Getis-Ord statistic was used to determine the hot-spot areas of scarlet fever. Results: A total of 2,314 scarlet fever cases were reported in Shenyang in 2018 with an annual incidence of 31.24 per 100,000. The incidence among males was higher than that among females（ p ＜0.001). A vast majority of the cases (96.89%) were among children aged 3 to 11 years. The highest incidence was 625.34/100,000 in children aged 5-9 years. There are two seasonal peaks occurred in June (Summer-peak) and in December (Winter-peak) in 2018. The incidence of scarlet fever in urban areas was significantly higher than that in rural areas( p ＜0.001).The incidence of scarlet fever was randomly distributed in Shenyang. There are hotspot areas located in seven districts. Conclusions: Urban areas are the hot spots of scarlet fever and joint prevention and control measures between districts should be applied. Children in the kindergartens and the primary schools are the main population of scarlet fever and measures for prevention and control in kindergartens and primary schools may be the key to control the epidemic of scarlet fever.

Download Full-text

Epidemiological study of scarlet fever in Shenyang , China

10.21203/rs.2.10104/v3 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Huijie Chen ◽

Ye Chen ◽

Baijun Sun ◽

Lihai Wen ◽

Xiangdong An

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Scarlet Fever ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Primary Schools ◽

Prevention And Control ◽

Hot Spot ◽

Temporal Distribution ◽

Control Measures ◽

And Control ◽

Epidemiological Characteristics

Download Full-text

Analysis of Epidemiological Characteristics of Scarlet Fever in Zhejiang Province, China, 2004–2018

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph16183454 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (18) ◽

pp. 3454 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Qinbao Lu ◽

Haocheng Wu ◽

Zheyuan Ding ◽

Chen Wu ◽

Junfen Lin

Keyword(s):

Statistical Analysis ◽

Scarlet Fever ◽

Primary Schools ◽

Prevention And Control ◽

Zhejiang Province ◽

Targeted Prevention ◽

Spring Semester ◽

Northern Regions ◽

And Control ◽

Epidemiological Characteristics

Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the trends and epidemiological characteristics of scarlet fever in Zhejiang Province in 2004–2018, intending to provide a basis for targeted prevention and control of this disease. Method: We collated the epidemiological data for cases of scarlet fever from the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention (CISDCP) in Zhejiang province between 1 January 2004 and 31 December 2018. Descriptive statistical analysis was used to analyze epidemiological characteristics of scarlet fever, whereas the Getis-Ord Gi* statistic was used to determine the hotspot incidence of scarlet fever. Results: In 2004–2018, a total of 22,194 cases of scarlet fever were reported in Zhejiang Province, with no death reports. The annual average of scarlet fever incidence was 2.82/100,000 (range,1.12 to 6.34/100,000). The male incidence was higher than that among female (χ2 = 999.834, p < 0.05), and a majority of the cases (86.42%) occurred in children aged 3–9 years. Each year, the incidence of scarlet fever in Zhejiang Province appeared two seasonal peaks: the first peak occurred from March to June (the constituent ratio was 49.06%), the second peak was lower than the first one during November and the following January (the constituent ratio was 28.67%). The two peaks were almost in accordance with the school spring semester and autumn–winter semester, respectively. The incidence in the northern regions of the province was generally higher than that in the southern regions. High-value clusters were detected in the central and northern regions, while low-value clusters occurred in the southern regions via the Getis-Ord Gi* statistical analysis. Conclusions: The prevalence of scarlet fever in Zhejiang Province showed a marked seasonality variation and mainly clustered in the central and northern regions in 2004–2018. Children under 15 years of age were most susceptible to scarlet fever. Kindergartens and primary schools should be the focus of prevention and control, and targeted strategies and measures should be taken to reduce the incidence.

Download Full-text

Research about the optimal strategies for prevention and control of varicella outbreak in a school in a central city of China: based on an SEIR dynamic model

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0950268819002188 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 148 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Wen-ting Zha ◽

Feng-rui Pang ◽

Nan Zhou ◽

Bin Wu ◽

Ying Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dynamic Model ◽

Prevention And Control ◽

Model Simulation ◽

Central City ◽

Control Measures ◽

Peak Time ◽

Cumulative Number ◽

And Control ◽

Epidemiological Characteristics ◽

Combined Interventions

Abstract Varicella is an acute respiratory infectious diseases, with high transmissibility and quick dissemination. In this study, an SEIR (susceptible-exposed-infected-recovered) dynamic model was established to explore the optimal prevention and control measures according to the epidemiological characteristics about varicella outbreak in a school in a central city of China. Berkeley Madonna 8.3.18 and Microsoft Office Excel 2010 software were employed for the model simulation and data management, respectively. The result showed that the simulated result of SEIR model agreed well with the reported data when β (infected rate) equal to 0.067. Models showed that the cumulative number of cases was only 13 when isolation adopted when the infected individuals were identified (assuming isolation rate was up to 100%); the cumulative number of cases was only two and the TAR (total attack rate) was 0.56% when the vaccination coefficient reached 50%. The cumulative number of cases did not change significantly with the change of efficiency of ventilation and disinfection, but the peak time was delayed; when δ (vaccination coefficient) = 0.1, m (ventilation efficiency) = 0.7 or δ = 0.2, m = 0.5 or δ = 0.3, m = 0.1 or δ = 0.4 and above, the cumulative number of cases would reduce to one case and TAR would reduce to 0.28% with combined interventions. Varicella outbreak in school could be controlled through strict isolation or vaccination singly; combined interventions have been adopted when the vaccination coefficient was low.

Download Full-text

Prevention and control measures of the major cold-region diseases (hypertension) in China

Frigid Zone Medicine ◽

10.2478/fzm-2021-0002 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 3-8

Author(s):

Zhenwei Pan ◽

Yong Zhang ◽

Tengfei Pan ◽

Haihai Liang ◽

Baofeng Yang

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cardiovascular Events ◽

Prevention And Control ◽

Control Measures ◽

Effective Management ◽

Cold Region ◽

Low Latitude ◽

Prevention And Control Measures ◽

And Control ◽

Epidemiological Characteristics

Abstract Hypertension is the most common cardiovascular condition in clinical practice and a major risk factor for stroke and cardiovascular events. There are more than 270 million hypertension patients in China, and the prevalence of hypertension in the high-latitude cold areas is significantly higher than in the low-latitude warm areas. The unique epidemiological characteristics and risk factors of hypertension in the cold regions of China urge for establishment of the prevention and control system for targeted and more effective management of the condition.

Download Full-text

Epidemiological Investigation and Prevention Control Analysis of the Longitudinal Distribution of COVID-19 in Henan Province, China

mSphere ◽

10.1128/msphere.00867-20 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (5) ◽

Author(s):

Xianguang Yang ◽

Xuelin Chen ◽

Cuihong Ding ◽

Zhibo Bai ◽

Jingyi Zhu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prevention And Control ◽

Henan Province ◽

Control Measures ◽

Longitudinal Distribution ◽

Effective Control ◽

Control Analysis ◽

Female Ratio ◽

Prevention And Control Measures ◽

And Control ◽

Epidemiological Characteristics

ABSTRACT The objective was to analyze the longitudinal distribution, epidemiological characteristics, and local prevention and control measures of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in six cities in Henan Province, China, from 21 January 2020 to 17 June 2020: Xinyang City (including Gushi County), Nanyang City (including Dengzhou City), Zhumadian City (including Xincai County), Zhengzhou City (including Gongyi City), Puyang City, and Anyang City (including Hua County). Data were collected and analyzed through the COVID-19 information published on the official websites of the health commissions in the six selected cities of Henan Province. As of 17 June 2020, the cumulative incidence rate of COVID-19 in Henan Province was 1.33/100,000, the cumulative cure rate was 98.27%, the cumulative mortality rate was 1.73%, the age range of diagnosed cases was 5 days to 85 years old, and the male-to-female ratio was 1.09:1. The confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Henan Province were mainly imported cases from Hubei, accounting for 87.74% of all cases, of which the highest proportion was 70.50% in Zhumadian. The contact cases and local cases increased in a fluctuating manner over time. In this paper, epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 in Henan Province were analyzed from the onset of the outbreak to the effective control within 60 days, and effective and distinctive prevention and control measures in various cities were summarized to provide a favorable useful reference for the further formulation and implementation of epidemic prevention and control and a valuable theoretical basis for effectively avoiding a second outbreak. IMPORTANCE Epidemic prevention and control in China have entered a new stage of normalization. This article analyzes the epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 in Henan Province and summarizes the effective disease prevention and control means and measures at the prefecture level; the normalized private data provide a theoretical reference for the formulation and conduct of future prevention and control work. At the same time, these epidemic prevention and control findings can also be used for reference in other countries and regions.

Download Full-text

Study of Risk Factors for Total Attack Rate and Transmission Dynamics of Norovirus Outbreaks, Jiangsu Province, China, From 2012 to 2018

Frontiers in Medicine ◽

10.3389/fmed.2021.786096 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Jing Ai ◽

Yuanzhao Zhu ◽

Jianguang Fu ◽

Xiaoqing Cheng ◽

Xuefeng Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Statistical Analysis ◽

Attack Rate ◽

Primary Schools ◽

Prevention And Control ◽

Jiangsu Province ◽

Factors Associated ◽

The Mean ◽

And Control ◽

Epidemiological Characteristics

Objective: To describe the epidemiological characteristics of norovirus outbreaks in Jiangsu Province, utilize the total attack rate (TAR) and transmissibility (Runc) as the measurement indicators of the outbreak, and a statistical difference in risk factors associated with TAR and transmissibility was compared. Ultimately, this study aimed to provide scientific suggestions to develop the most appropriate prevention and control measures.Method: We collected epidemiological data from investigation reports of all norovirus outbreaks in Jiangsu Province from 2012 to 2018 and performed epidemiological descriptions, sequenced the genes of the positive specimens collected that were eligible for sequencing, created a database and calculated the TAR, constructed SEIAR and SEIARW transmission dynamic models to calculate Runc, and performed statistical analyses of risk factors associated with the TAR and Runc.Results: We collected a total of 206 reported outbreaks, of which 145 could be used to calculate transmissibility. The mean TAR in was 2.6% and the mean Runc was 12.2. The epidemiological characteristics of norovirus outbreaks showed an overall increasing trend in the number of norovirus outbreaks from 2012 to 2018; more outbreaks in southern Jiangsu than northern Jiangsu; more outbreaks in urban areas than in rural areas; outbreaks occurred mostly in autumn and winter. Most of the sites where outbreaks occurred were schools, especially primary schools. Interpersonal transmission accounted for the majority. Analysis of the genotypes of noroviruses revealed that the major genotypes of the viruses changed every 3 years, with the GII.2 [P16] type of norovirus dominating from 2016 to 2018. Statistical analysis of TAR associated with risk factors found statistical differences in all risk factors, including time (year, month, season), location (geographic location, type of settlement, type of premises), population (total number of susceptible people at the outbreak site), transmission route, and genotype (P < 0.05). Statistical analysis of transmissibility associated with risk factors revealed that only transmissibility was statistically different between sites.Conclusions: The number of norovirus outbreaks in Jiangsu Province continues to increase during the follow-up period. Our findings highlight the impact of different factors on norovirus outbreaks and identify the key points of prevention and control in Jiangsu Province.

Download Full-text

Incidence and Mortality of Eye Cancer in Shandong, China: A Population-based Study During 2013-2017

10.21203/rs.3.rs-132317/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yingmei Li ◽

Hongtao Wang ◽

Zilong Lu ◽

Jiandong Sun ◽

Jiyu Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mortality Rate ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Chinese Population ◽

Prevention And Control ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Population Based ◽

World Population ◽

Incidence And Mortality ◽

And Control

Abstract Background: Eye cancer is relatively rare. Current prevalence and disease burden of eye cancer are unlcear.The purpose of this study was to understand the epidemiology in the incidence and mortality of eye cancer in Shandong Province, and to provide reference for the prevention and control of eye cancer.Methods: Population-based cancer incidence and death data from cancer registries in 2013-2017 was collected by Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention (SDCDC). Extracted data were firstly assessed for data quality and then were aggregated by area (urban/rural), gender, and age group [0, 1-4, 5-9, 10-14, …, 85+]. Crude and age-adjusted incidence and mortality rates were calculated.Results: The reported numbers of eye cancer incident cases and deaths in Shandong cancer registry from 2013 to 2017 were 169 and 43, respectively. The crude incidence rate, age-standardized rate of incidence by Chinese population (ASRIC, 2000) and world population (ASRIW) were 11.12/107, 8.92/107 and 12.44/107, respectively. The crude mortality rate, age-standardized rate of mortality by Chinese population (ASRMC, 2000) and world population (ASRMW) were 2.83/107, 1.89/107 and 2.58/107, respectively. There were no marked differences in the incidence and mortality rates between male and female. The incidence rates were similar between rural and urban areas. The mortality rate in rural areas was higher than that in urban areas. The mortality-to-incidence (M/I) ratio in rural areas (0.30) was considerably higher than that in urban areas (0.18). The highest incidence was observed in children aged 0-4 years old, which was true for both urban and rural areas, and for both genders,Conclusion: Eye cancer is not a common malignant tumor in this population. Prevention and control measures should be tailored according to the epidemiological characteristics and risk factors of eye cancer.

Download Full-text