Comparison of the bacterial removal performance of silver nanoparticles and a polymer based quaternary amine functiaonalized silsesquioxane coated point-of-use ceramic water filters

2013 ◽  
Vol 260 ◽  
pp. 272-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongyin Zhang ◽  
Vinka Oyanedel-Craver
Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 285
Author(s):  
Nkosinobubelo Ndebele ◽  
Joshua N. Edokpayi ◽  
John O. Odiyo ◽  
James A. Smith

In this study, we report on field testing of ceramic water filters (CWFs) fabricated using a new method of silver application (using silver nitrate as a raw material) compared to conventionally manufactured CWFs (fabricated with silver nanoparticles). Both types of filters were manufactured at the PureMadi ceramic filter production facility in Dertig, South Africa. Thirty households received filters fabricated with silver nitrate (AgNO3), and ten of those households were given an extra filter fabricated with silver nanoparticles. Filter performance was quantified by measurement of total coliform and Escherichia coli (E. coli) removal and silver residual concentration in the effluent. Silver-nitrate CWFs had removal efficiencies for total coliforms and E. coli of 95% and 99%, respectively. A comparison of the performance of silver-nitrate and silver-nanoparticle filters showed that the different filters had similar levels of total coliform and E. coli removal, although the silver nitrate filters produced the highest average removal of 97% while silver nanoparticles filters recorded an average removal of 85%. Average effluent silver levels were below 10 ppb for the silver-nitrate and silver-nanoparticle filters, which was significantly below the Environmental Protection Agencies of the United States (EPA) and World Health Organization (WHO) secondary guidelines of 100 ppb. Silver-nitrate filters resulted in the lowest effluent silver concentrations, which could potentially increase the effective life span of the filter. A cost analysis shows that it is more economical to produce CWFs using silver nitrate due to a reduction in raw-material costs and reduced labor costs for production. Furthermore, the production of silver-nitrate filters reduces inhalation exposure of silver by workers. The results obtained from this study will be applied to improve the ceramic filtration technology as a point-of-use (POU) water treatment device and hence reduce health problems associated with microbial contamination of water stored at the household level.


2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 304-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cameron Farrow ◽  
Edward McBean ◽  
Hamidreza Salsali

Ceramic water filters (CWFs) are utilized in many developing countries as point-of-use (POU) water treatment devices, to reduce waterborne pathogens in potable water. Virus removal efficiencies of several CWFs are investigated under various influent conditions using MS2 (ATCC: 15597-B1) as a surrogate phage for human enteric viruses. The addition of bentonite turbidity (6–8 NTU) in the influent source water showed increased viral removal efficiency of CWFs by 0.1–0.2 log compared to tests involving clear (<1 NTU) influents. Trials employing an applied clay cake layer, formed using highly turbid influent source water (100 NTU) and no cleaning regime between trials, resulted in viral removal efficiency values of 1.5–2.5 log, compared to 0.2–0.5 log during non-obstructed trials.


2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 286-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. Murphy ◽  
M. Sampson ◽  
K. Farahbakhsh ◽  
E. McBean

Unless significant advances are made in the water and sanitation sector, it is unlikely that Cambodia will meet the United Nations Millennium Development Goal (MDG) target #7 for water and sanitation. Point-of-use technologies (POU), also termed “household water treatment technologies”, have been identified as successful options for providing safe water to rural households. Ceramic water filters and BioSand filters are two major POU technologies that are currently implemented across Cambodia. This paper presents data on the microbial performance of these two technologies in the field on various Cambodian source waters. In addition, data are presented on the occurrence of nitrite in treated water. Results showed that 61% and 88% of BioSand filters and ceramic filters, respectively, produced water in the low risk range for E. coli as defined by the WHO (0–10 CFU/100 mL). In addition, 83% of BioSand filters and 75% of ceramic filters were not meeting the WHO guideline value for chronic exposure to nitrite in drinking water (0.2 mg/L).


2009 ◽  
Vol 43 (14) ◽  
pp. 3559-3565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela R. Bielefeldt ◽  
Kate Kowalski ◽  
R. Scott Summers

2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 429-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan W. Schweitzer ◽  
Jeffrey A. Cunningham ◽  
James R. Mihelcic

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (12) ◽  
pp. 2348-2355 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. K. Sullivan ◽  
M. Erickson ◽  
V. A. Oyanedel-Craver

Pathogen removal efficacy of ceramic water filters (CWF) impregnated with silver nanoparticles (nAg) has been well studied, however scarce information is available about the impact of nAg surface functionalization and removal of inorganic and organic pollutants.


2009 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 404-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joe Brown ◽  
S. Proum ◽  
M. D. Sobsey

The effectiveness of point-of-use water treatment may be limited by declining use over time, particularly when water treatment is introduced via targeted intervention programmes. In order to evaluate the long-term uptake and use of locally produced ceramic water filters in rural Cambodia, we visited households that had received filters as part of NGO-subsidized distribution programmes over a 4 year period from 2002 to 2006. Of the more than 2,000 filters distributed, we visited 506 randomly selected households in 13 villages spanning three provinces to assess filter time in use and to collect data on factors potentially correlated with long-term use. Results indicate that filter use declined at the rate of approximately 2% per month after implementation, largely owing to breakages, and that, controlling for time since implementation, continued filter use over time was most closely positively associated with: related water, sanitation and hygiene practices in the home; cash investment in the technology by the household; and use of surface water as a primary drinking water source.


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