The stereoselectivity of metconazole on wheat grain filling and harvested seeds germination: implication for the application of triazole chiral pesticides

2021 ◽  
pp. 125911
Author(s):  
Yue Deng ◽  
Rui Liu ◽  
Zikang Wang ◽  
Luyao Zhang ◽  
Simin Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Filling ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Chiral Pesticides ◽  
Seeds Germination

scholarly journals Simulation of wheat yield by nitrogen and nonlinearity of environmental conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-51
Author(s):  
Ana P. B. Trautmann ◽  
José A. G. da Silva ◽  
Manuel O. Binelo ◽  
Antonio C. Valdiero ◽  
Luana Henrichsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Phenological Stage ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Randomized Block Design

ABSTRACT Fuzzy logic can simulate wheat productivity by assisting crop predictability. The objective of the study is the use of fuzzy logic to simulate wheat yield in the conditions of nitrogen use, together with the effects of air temperature and rainfall, in the main cereal succession systems in Southern Brazil. The study was conducted in the years 2014, 2015 and 2016, in Augusto Pestana, RS, Brazil. The experimental design was a randomized block design with four repetitions in a 4 x 3 factorial scheme for N-fertilizer doses (0, 30, 60, 120 kg ha-1) and nutrient supply forms [100% in phenological stage V3 (third expanded leaf); (70%/30%) in the phenological stage V3/V6 (third and sixth expanded leaf) and; fractionated (70%/30%) at the phenological stage V3/E (third expanded leaf and beginning of grain filling)], respectively, in the soybean/wheat and corn/wheat systems. The pertinence functions and the linguistic values established for the input and output variables are adequate for the use of fuzzy logic. Fuzzy logic simulates wheat grain yield efficiently in the conditions of nitrogen use with air temperature and rainfall in crop systems.

scholarly journals Localization, Gene Expression, and Functions of Glutamine Synthetase Isozymes in Wheat Grain (Triticum aestivum L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yihao Wei ◽  
Shuping Xiong ◽  
Zhiyong Zhang ◽  
Xiaodan Meng ◽  
Lulu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glutamine Synthetase ◽  
Nitrogen Metabolism ◽  
Glutamate Synthase ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Maximum Activity ◽  
Transfer Cells ◽  
Aleurone Layer ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Plant Nitrogen ◽  
Endosperm Transfer Cells

Glutamine synthetase (GS) plays a major role in plant nitrogen metabolism, but the roles of individual GS isoforms in grains are unknown. Here, the localization and expression of individual TaGS isozymes in wheat grain were probed with TaGS isoenzyme-specific antibodies, and the nitrogen metabolism of grain during the grain filling stage were investigated. Immunofluorescence revealed that TaGS1;1, TaGS1;3, and TaGS2 were expressed in different regions of the embryo. In grain transporting tissues, TaGS1;2 was localized in vascular bundle; TaGS1;2 and TaGS1;1 were in chalaza and placentochalaza; TaGS1;1 and TaGS1;3 were in endosperm transfer cells; and TaGS1;3 and TaGS2 were in aleurone layer. GS exhibited maximum activity and expression at 8 days after flowering (DAF) with peak glutamine content in grains; from then, NH4+ increased largely from NO3- reduction, glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) aminating activity increased continuously, and the activities of GS and glutamate synthase (GOGAT) decreased, while only TaGS1;3 kept a stable expression in different TaGS isozymes. Hence, GS-GOGAT cycle and GDH play different roles in NH4+ assimilation of grain in different stages of grain development; TaGS1;3, located in aleurone layer and endosperm transfer cells, plays a key role in Gln into endosperm for gluten synthesis. At 30 DAF, grain amino acids are mainly transported from maternal phloem.

scholarly journals Effect of allele combinations at Ppd‐1 loci on durum wheat grain filling at contrasting latitudes

2019 ◽  
Vol 206 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose M. Arjona ◽  
Conxita Royo ◽  
Susanne Dreisigacker ◽  
Karim Ammar ◽  
Joan Subirà ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Wheat Grain

scholarly journals Co-ordinated expression of amino acid metabolism in response to N and S deficiency during wheat grain filling

2008 ◽  
Vol 59 (13) ◽  
pp. 3675-3689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan R. Howarth ◽  
Saroj Parmar ◽  
Janina Jones ◽  
Caroline E. Shepherd ◽  
Delia-Irina Corol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Metabolism ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
S Deficiency

Evaluating agronomic adaptation options to increasing heat stress under climate change during wheat grain filling in France

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 62-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Gouache ◽  
Xavier Le Bris ◽  
Matthieu Bogard ◽  
Olivier Deudon ◽  
Christian Pagé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Agronomic Adaptation ◽  
Adaptation Options

Water Relations of the Developing Wheat Grain

1980 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 519 ◽  
Author(s):  
EWR Barlow ◽  
JW Lee ◽  
R Munns ◽  
MG Smart
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Grain Filling Period ◽  
Pigment Strand ◽  
Days After Anthesis ◽  
Wheat Spike

The physiological and anatomical mechanisms underlying the reduced sensitivity of wheat grain growth to water deficits in the post anthesis period have been investigated. The water potential (Ψ) and water content of the developing wheat grain and of other tissues within the wheat spike and flag leaf were compared under controlled environment and field conditions. In the 14 days following anthesis when the amount of water in each grain was increasing, the Ψ gradient between the grain and the rest of the plant was most pronounced. This Ψ gradient disappeared when the water per grain reached its maximum level (15 days after anthesis). The apparent turgor potential (P) of the wheat grain was very small (less than 0.2 MPa) throughout the grain filling period. When water was withheld 10 and 20 days after anthesis, the grain Ψ changed little despite a large decrease in the Ψ of the glumes, rachis and flag leaf. Grain Ψ showed the same independence during a diurnal cycle of water deficit. The independence of grain Ψ under water deficit conditions may be related initially to the xylem discontinuity in the floral axis and, in longer-term water stress situations, to the deposition of lipid in the pigment strand of the grain itself.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Polyamines and Hormones in the Regulation of Wheat Grain Filling

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. e78196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Liu ◽  
Dandan Gu ◽  
Wei Wu ◽  
Xiaoxia Wen ◽  
Yuncheng Liao
Keyword(s):  
Grain Filling ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Improvement of Wheat Grain Yield Prediction Model Performance Based on Stacking Technique

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (24) ◽  
pp. 12164
Author(s):  
Changchun Li ◽  
Yilin Wang ◽  
Chunyan Ma ◽  
Weinan Chen ◽  
Yacong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prediction Model ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Vegetation Indices ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Area Index

Crop growth and development is a dynamic and complex process, and the essence of yield formation is the continuous accumulation of photosynthetic products from multiple fertility stages. In this study, a new stacking method for integrating multiple growth stages information was proposed to improve the performance of the winter wheat grain yield (GY) prediction model. For this purpose, crop canopy hyperspectral reflectance and leaf area index (LAI) data were obtained at the jointing, flagging, anthesis and grain filling stages. In this case, 15 vegetation indices and LAI were used as input features of the elastic network to construct GY prediction models for single growth stage. Based on Stacking technique, the GY prediction results of four single growth stages were integrated to construct the ensemble learning framework. The results showed that vegetation indices coupled LAI could effectively overcome the spectral saturation phenomenon, the validated R2 of each growth stage was improved by 10%, 22.5%, 3.6% and 10%, respectively. The stacking method provided more stable information with higher prediction accuracy than the individual fertility results (R2 = 0.74), and the R2 of the model validation phase improved by 236%, 51%, 27.6%, and 12.1%, respectively. The study can provide a reference for GY prediction of other crops.

Physicochemical control of durum wheat grain filling and glutenin polymer assembly under different temperature regimes

2012 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana S.L. Ferreira ◽  
Pierre Martre ◽  
Cécile Mangavel ◽  
Christine Girousse ◽  
Natalia N. Rosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Glutenin Polymer ◽  
Polymer Assembly
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