Iodine-lithium-alpha-dextrin (ILαD) against Staphylococcus aureus skin infections: a comparative study of in-vitro bactericidal activity and cytotoxicity between ILαD and povidone-iodine

2018 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.P. Zisi ◽  
M.K. Exindari ◽  
E.K. Siska ◽  
G.G. Koliakos
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Bactericidal Activity ◽  
Povidone Iodine ◽  
Skin Infections

Activity of Nadifloxacin against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Skin Infections: Comparative Study with Seven other Fluoroquinolones

1996 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Nishijima ◽  
M Nakagawa ◽  
N Tsuboi ◽  
H Akamatsu ◽  
T Horio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
The Other ◽  
Skin Infections ◽  
In Vitro Susceptibility ◽  
Methicillin Resistant

The in vitro susceptibility of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA) to nadifloxacin and seven other fluoroquinolones (norfloxacin, ofloxacin, enoxacin, ciprofloxacin, lomefloxacin, tosufloxacin and sparfloxacin) was evaluated. The MRSA isolates were isolated from 114 skin infections between 1991 and 1994. Nadifloxacin exhibited the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration and there were no MRSA isolates resistant to nadifloxacin, while there were some resistant to all of the other seven fluoroquinolones. The minimum concentrations of these drugs needed to cause 50% inhibition of the isolates increased dramatically from 1991 to 1992, but has hardly changed since 1992.

In vitro bactericidal activity of 0.6% povidone-iodine eye drops formulation

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 673-677 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosario Musumeci ◽  
Francesco Bandello ◽  
Marianna Martinelli ◽  
Enrico Calaresu ◽  
Clementina Elvezia Cocuzza
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Bactericidal Activity ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Povidone Iodine ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Eye Drops ◽  
Ophthalmic Surgery ◽  
Free Iodine

Purpose:To evaluate the bactericidal activity of a diluted povidone-iodine formulation (0.6%) in comparison with the most used 5% povidone-iodine solution ophthalmic preparation.Methods:In vitro bactericidal activity comparison between 0.6% povidone-iodine versus 5% povidone-iodine formulations, against these bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 43300, Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228, linezolid-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis α99 strain, a clinical isolate, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922.Results:About 0.6% povidone-iodine formulation was demonstrated to be faster than 5% povidone-iodine preparation in killing Gram-positive as well as Gram-negative bacteria. Against a linezolid-resistant methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis strain, 0.6% povidone-iodine formulation showed the best antiseptic efficacy requirement of 3-log10reduction in bacterial load, if compared with the 5% povidone-iodine formulation.Conclusion:Our investigation has demonstrated that the more diluted 0.6% preparation was more rapidly bactericidal than the 5% povidone-iodine formulation, most probably due to the fact that dilution from 5% to 0.6% increases the amount of free iodine. While our finding must be confirmed by in vivo clinical studies, this fact constitutes an intriguing news for what concerns the use of povidone-iodine eye drops in the ocular surface treatment before intravitreal injections as well as ophthalmic surgery.

In Vitro Activity of Nadifloxacin against both Methicillin-Susceptible and -Resistant Clinical Isolates of Staphylococcus aureus from Patients with Skin Infections

Drugs ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 49 (Supplement 2) ◽  
pp. 230-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Nishijima ◽  
S. Namura ◽  
H. Akamatsu ◽  
S. Kawai ◽  
Y. Asada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Vitro Activity ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Skin Infections ◽  
In Vitro Activity

Nemonoxacin enhances antibacterial activity and anti-resistant mutation ability of vancomycin against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in an in vitro dynamic pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junchen Huang ◽  
Siwei Guo ◽  
Xin Li ◽  
Fang Yuan ◽  
You Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Bactericidal Activity ◽  
Pharmacodynamic Model ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Mutant Prevention Concentration ◽  
Mrsa Infection ◽  
Independent Risk Factors ◽  
Resistant Mutation

Reduced susceptibility and emergence of resistance to vancomycin in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) have led to the development of various vancomycin based combinations. Nemonoxacin is a novel nonfluorinated quinolone with antibacterial activity against MRSA. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of nemonoxacin on antibacterial activity and the anti-resistant mutation ability of vancomycin for MRSA and explore whether quinolone resistance genes are associated with a reduction in the vancomycin minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and mutant prevention concentration (MPC) when combined with nemonoxacin. Four isolates, all with a vancomycin MIC of 2 μg/mL, were used in a modified in vitro dynamic pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model to investigate the effects of nemonoxacin on antibacterial activity (M04, M23 and M24) and anti-resistant mutation ability (M04, M23 and M25, all with MPC ≥19.2 μg/mL) of vancomycin. The mutation sites of gyrA , gyrB , parC , and parE of 55 clinical MRSA isolates were sequenced. We observed that in M04 and M23, the combination of vancomycin (1g q12h) and nemonoxacin (0.5g qd) showed a synergistic bactericidal activity and resistance enrichment suppression. All clinical isolates resistant to nemonoxacin harbored gyrA (S84→L) mutation; gyrA (S84→L) and parC (E84→K) mutations were the two independent risk factors for the unchanged vancomycin MPC in combination. Nemonoxacin enhances the bactericidal activity and suppresses resistance enrichment ability of vancomycin against MRSA with a MIC of 2 μg/mL. Our in vitro data support the combination of nemonoxacin and vancomycin for the treatment of MRSA infection with a high MIC.

scholarly journals The Antimicrobial Peptide Temporin G: Anti-Biofilm, Anti-Persister Activities, and Potentiator Effect of Tobramycin Efficacy Against Staphylococcus aureus

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (24) ◽  
pp. 9410
Author(s):  
Bruno Casciaro ◽  
Maria Rosa Loffredo ◽  
Floriana Cappiello ◽  
Guendalina Fabiano ◽  
Luisa Torrini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Human Keratinocytes ◽  
Skin Infections ◽  
Positive Bacterium ◽  
Persister Cells ◽  
Dividing Cells ◽  
Adverse Environmental Conditions ◽  
Bacterial Skin Infections ◽  
First Time

Bacterial biofilms are a serious threat for human health, and the Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus is one of the microorganisms that can easily switch from a planktonic to a sessile lifestyle, providing protection from a large variety of adverse environmental conditions. Dormant non-dividing cells with low metabolic activity, named persisters, are tolerant to antibiotic treatment and are the principal cause of recalcitrant and resistant infections, including skin infections. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) hold promise as new anti-infective agents to treat such infections. Here for the first time, we investigated the activity of the frog-skin AMP temporin G (TG) against preformed S. aureus biofilm including persisters, as well as its efficacy in combination with tobramycin, in inhibiting S. aureus growth. TG was found to provoke ~50 to 100% reduction of biofilm viability in the concentration range from 12.5 to 100 µM vs ATCC and clinical isolates and to be active against persister cells (about 70–80% killing at 50–100 µM). Notably, sub-inhibitory concentrations of TG in combination with tobramycin were able to significantly reduce S. aureus growth, potentiating the antibiotic power. No critical cytotoxicity was detected when TG was tested in vitro up to 100 µM against human keratinocytes, confirming its safety profile for the development of a new potential anti-infective drug, especially for treatment of bacterial skin infections.

scholarly journals Vancomycin In Vitro Bactericidal Activity and Its Relationship to Efficacy in Clearance of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia

2007 ◽  
Vol 51 (7) ◽  
pp. 2582-2586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela A. Moise ◽  
George Sakoulas ◽  
Alan Forrest ◽  
Jerome J. Schentag
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Median Time ◽  
Bactericidal Activity ◽  
Peak Plasma ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Accessory Gene ◽  
Vancomycin Therapy ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Vancomycin Mics

ABSTRACT We examined the relationship between the time to clearance of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteremia while patients were receiving vancomycin therapy and the in vitro bactericidal activity of vancomycin. Vancomycin killing assays were performed with 34 MRSA bloodstream isolates (17 accessory gene regulator group II [agr-II] and 17 non-agr-II isolates) from 34 different patients with MRSA bacteremia for whom clinical and microbiological outcomes data were available. Vancomycin doses were prospectively adjusted to achieve peak plasma concentrations of 28 to 32 μg/ml and trough concentrations of 8 to 12 μg/ml. Bactericidal assays were performed over 24 h with ∼107 to 108 CFU/ml in broth containing 16 μg/ml vancomycin. The median time to clearance of bacteremia was 6.5 days for patients with MRSA isolates demonstrating ≥2.5 reductions in log10 CFU/ml at 24 h and >10.5 days for patients with MRSA isolates demonstrating <2.5 log10 CFU/ml by 24 h (P = 0.025). The median time to clearance was significantly longer with MRSA isolates with vancomycin MICs of 2.0 μg/ml compared to that with MRSA isolates with MICs of ≤1.0 μg/ml (P = 0.019). The bacteremia caused by MRSA isolates with absent or severely reduced delta-hemolysin expression was of a longer duration of bacteremia (10 days and 6.5 days, respectively; P = 0.27) and had a decreased probability of eradication (44% and 78%, respectively; P = 0.086). We conclude that strain-specific microbiological features of MRSA, such as increased vancomycin MICs and decreased killing by vancomycin, appear to be predictive of prolonged MRSA bacteremia while patients are receiving vancomycin therapy. Prolonged bacteremia and decreased delta-hemolysin expression may also be related. Evaluation of these properties may be useful in the consideration of antimicrobial therapies that can be used as alternatives to vancomycin for the treatment of MRSA bacteremia.

scholarly journals In Vitro Bactericidal Activity of Human β-Defensin 3 against Multidrug-Resistant Nosocomial Strains

2006 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 806-809 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppantonio Maisetta ◽  
Giovanna Batoni ◽  
Semih Esin ◽  
Walter Florio ◽  
Daria Bottai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Bactericidal Activity ◽  
Stenotrophomonas Maltophilia ◽  
Bactericidal Effect ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Gram Negative

ABSTRACT The antimicrobial activity of human β-defensin 3 (hBD-3) against multidrug-resistant clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and Acinetobacter baumannii was evaluated. A fast bactericidal effect (within 20 min) against all bacterial strains tested was observed. The presence of 20% human serum abolished the bactericidal activity of hBD-3 against gram-negative strains and reduced the activity of the peptide against gram-positive strains.

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