scholarly journals A A review of role of Rajanyadi Churna as potential immune-modulator in Kaumarabhritya

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sreeja Pillai ◽  
Hemant Paradkar ◽  
Anaya Pathrikar ◽  
Sandeep Pillai
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
The Body ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Defence Mechanisms ◽  
Immune Modulator ◽  
Immune Mechanisms ◽  
Waiting Periods ◽  
Innate Defence

 The present pandemic situation has alarmed mankind to formulate and implement effective and practical tools  to defend and confront any unexpected breakout of infectious diseases. It emphasizes the need to correct and sharpen the innate immune  mechanisms, particularly under the circumstances of long waiting periods and uncertainty with vaccines. Revisiting the Ayurvedic principle of agni and bala to correct and  enhance innate defence mechanisms in ways that can make the body ready to defend any situation of challenge. The paper explores the possibilities  of the use of Rajanyadi Churna in Kaumarabhritya.

scholarly journals 319 The role of TLR-3 in the itch-scratch cycle of nodular prurigo - new insights into innate immune mechanisms of peripheral itch sensitization

2016 ◽  
Vol 136 (9) ◽  
pp. S215
Author(s):  
A.G. Szollosi ◽  
I. McDonald ◽  
I.L. Szabó ◽  
B. Kirby ◽  
E. van den Bogaard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immune ◽  
Immune Mechanisms

Role of cannabinoids in various diseases: A review

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simran Kaur ◽  
Nikita Sharma ◽  
Arpita Roy
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Endocannabinoid System ◽  
Psychological Disorders ◽  
Bioactive Compound ◽  
The Body ◽  
Therapeutic Aspect

Background: The plant, Cannabis sativa is heavily explored and researched with many industrial and pharmaceutical applications. The medicinal and therapeutic role of cannabis Sativa has been summarized in the paper, citing its mechanism of action and influence on the human body. Diseases like metabolic disorders, infectious diseases, and psychological disorders pose negative and long-term drastic effects on the body like neurodegeneration and other chronic system failures. Several existing literature has proved its effectiveness against such diseases. Objectives: This review aims to provide an overview of the role of cannabinoids in various diseases like metabolic disorders, infectious diseases, and psychological disorders. Method: Various e-resources like Pubmed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar were thoroughly searched and read to form a well-informed and information-heavy manuscript. Here we tried to summaries the therapeutic aspect of Cannabis sativa and its bioactive compound cannabinoids in various diseases. Result: This review highlights the various constituents which are present in Cannabis sativa, the Endocannabinoid system, and the role of cannabinoids in various diseases Conclusion: Recent research on Cannabis has suggested its role in neurodegenerative diseases, inflammation, sleep disorders, pediatric diseases, and their analgesic nature. Therefore, the authors majorly focus on the therapeutic aspect of Cannabis sativa in various diseases. The focus is also on the endocannabinoid system (ECS) and its role in fighting or preventing bacterial, parasitic, fungal, and viral infections.

scholarly journals Prevailing role of mucosal immunoglobulins and B cells in teleost skin immune responses to bacterial infection

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Ting Zhang ◽  
Yong-Yao Yu ◽  
Hao-Yue Xu ◽  
Zhen-Yu Huang ◽  
Xia Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
B Cells ◽  
Bacterial Infection ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
The Body ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Flavobacterium Columnare ◽  
First Line ◽  
Skin Mucus ◽  
Skin Mucosa

AbstractThe skin of vertebrates is the outermost organ of the body and serves as the first line of defense against external aggressions. In contrast to mammalian skin, that of teleost fish lacks keratinization and has evolved to operate as a mucosal surface containing a skin-associated lymphoid tissue (SALT). Thus far, IgT representing the prevalent immunoglobulin (Ig) in SALT have only been reported upon infection with a parasite. However, very little is known about the types of B cells and Igs responding to bacterial infection in the teleost skin mucosa, as well as the inductive or effector role of the SALT in such responses. To address these questions, here we analyzed the immune response of trout skin upon infection with one of the most widespread fish skin bacterial pathogens, Flavobacterium columnare. This pathogen induced strong skin innate immune and inflammatory responses at the initial phases of infection. More critically, we found that the skin mucus of fish having survived the infection contained significant IgT-but not IgM- or IgD-specific titers against the bacteria. Moreover, we demonstrate the local proliferation and production of IgT+ B-cells and specific IgT titers respectively within the SALT upon bacterial infection. Thus, our findings represent the first demonstration that IgT is the main Ig isotype induced by the skin mucosa upon bacterial infection, and that because of the large surface of the skin, its SALT probably represents a prominent IgT inductive site in fish.

scholarly journals Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase 1 Is a Lung-Specific Innate Immune Defense Mechanism That Inhibits Growth of Francisella tularensis Tryptophan Auxotrophs

2010 ◽  
Vol 78 (6) ◽  
pp. 2723-2733 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaitian Peng ◽  
Denise M. Monack
Keyword(s):  
Francisella Tularensis ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Immune Defense ◽  
The Body ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Microbial Pathogens ◽  
Immune Mechanisms ◽  
Indoleamine 2,3 Dioxygenase ◽  
Organ Specific

ABSTRACT Upon microbial challenge, organs at various anatomic sites of the body employ different innate immune mechanisms to defend against potential infections. Accordingly, microbial pathogens evolved to subvert these organ-specific host immune mechanisms to survive and grow in infected organs. Francisella tularensis is a bacterium capable of infecting multiple organs and thus encounters a myriad of organ-specific defense mechanisms. This suggests that F. tularensis may possess specific factors that aid in evasion of these innate immune defenses. We carried out a microarray-based, negative-selection screen in an intranasal model of Francisella novicida infection to identify Francisella genes that contribute to bacterial growth specifically in the lungs of mice. Genes in the bacterial tryptophan biosynthetic pathway were identified as being important for F. novicida growth specifically in the lungs. In addition, a host tryptophan-catabolizing enzyme, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1), is induced specifically in the lungs of mice infected with F. novicida or Streptococcus pneumoniae. Furthermore, the attenuation of F. novicida tryptophan mutant bacteria was rescued in the lungs of IDO1−/− mice. IDO1 is a lung-specific innate immune mechanism that controls pulmonary Francisella infections.

scholarly journals IMMUNE MECHANISMS FOR DEVELOPMENT OF CONTROLLED AND PARTIALLY CONTROLLED ASTHMA

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 495-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. I. Vitkina ◽  
T. P. Novgorodtseva ◽  
E. P. Kalinina ◽  
E. G. Lobanova ◽  
M. V. Antonyuk
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Objective Evaluation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Immune Mechanisms ◽  
Persistent Inflammation ◽  
Th17 Lymphocytes ◽  
Group I ◽  
Asthma Patients

Despite a significant amount of works specifying immune mechanisms of bronchial asthma (BA), different phenotypes observed in this pathology need to be studied. The aim of present study was to analyze functional activity of Th1, Th2 и Th17 lymphocytes, and to determine features of inflammation in controlled and partly controlled asthma.We examined eighty-four BA patients that were divided into 2 groups, depending on the control of symptoms and the clinical course of BA. Group I included 45 patients with controlled BA, whereas group II included 39 patients with partially controlled asthma. The subsets of Th1, Th2, and Th17 lymphocytes were assessed by serum cytokine levels (TNFα, IFNγ, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A) using flow cytometry technique.The results of this study were as follows: we have shown a combined T-helper (Th) immune response in asthma patients, with its origin depending on the degree of the disease control. Th2 (62%), Th1/Th2 (20%) and Th1 (18%) types of immune response have been detected in the patients with controlled BA. Th2/Th17 (49%), Th1/Th17 (13%) and Th17 (37%) types of immune response have been identified in the patients with partially controlled BA. It has been shown, that Th1 immune response in patients with controlled asthma is induced by intracellular infection. The formation of the Th1/Th2 phenotype is associated with a site of chronic bacterial infection revealed, and with persistence of viral infection in the body. This phenotype can be used as an indicator of asthma worsening. Further studies in the role of prevalent immune response type in the development of partially controlled BA have shown that activation of Th17 lymphocytes is associated with prolonged course of the disease. Irrespectively of initial phenotype, the development of Th17-dependent immune response seems to result from a durable systemic persistent inflammation.The views on the key role of Th1/Th2 balance in the development of asthma are accomplished by evidence of Th17 lymphocyte involvement into the process, and Th1/Th17, Th2/Th17 phenotypes seem to be the polar features of the disease. Estimation of intensity and phenotype of inflammation in BA will permit a more objective evaluation of the therapy applied, and to choose further management strategies.

scholarly journals Genetic predisposition and resistance to certain infectious diseases. I. AIDS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (22) ◽  
pp. 6-10
Author(s):  
S. N. Shcherbo ◽  
D. S. Shcherbo ◽  
A. L. Tishchenko ◽  
M. I. Savina ◽  
T. I. Turkina
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Genetic Predisposition ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
The Body ◽  
Genetic Biomarkers ◽  
Histocompatibility Complex ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Main Influence

The review addresses issues related to genetic predisposition and resistance to infectious diseases. Genetic factors largely determine the susceptibility of the body to various diseases, including infectious ones. A genetic predisposition to tuberculosis, salmonellosis, viral hepatitis, tick-borne encephalitis, Lyme disease, HIV and others is shown. Knowledge of molecular genetic biomarkers is necessary for identifying risk groups, conducting predictive measures, in particular vaccination. The main influence is given to the genes of the main histocompatibility complex; the role of mitochondrial DNA in susceptibility to HIV infection is shown.

Role of Common Kitchen Remedies in Prevention of Infectious Diseases with a particular perspective of Covid-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 1378-1383
Author(s):  
Kanyaka Bagde ◽  
Bharat Rathi ◽  
Renu Rathi ◽  
Prem Badwaik ◽  
Swapnali Khabde
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
The Body ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Common Man ◽  
Natural Way

The greatness of Ayurveda medicine is that it works on your immune system and helps to build up the body to fight against viral invasions. It is the safest, economical and natural way of self-healing. It can quickly spread among masses from rich to poor all over the country. Ayurveda has been dealing with plenty of herbs for a very long time. These herbs include some rare to prevalent herbs which we can found some in the kitchen even though if that is of any commoners. The concern is that these viral infections are very prone to attack weak immunity and take the chance to affect the country to the globe. So the prevalent herbs of Ayurveda available in the kitchen will always be helpful to get through this viral invasion. These herbs are always there to make tasty food as well as to protect the body from infectious diseases by building the immunity strong. Herbs from the kitchen are not complicated to take as a medicine. Regular use of a few herbs in the straightforward form proves its importance as a medicine. In this article a review of herbs is done which we are available in our kitchen, we are using it in our daily life, and we are getting the benefit of these which a common man might not be fully aware of about. 

scholarly journals Role of nutrition in ameliorating the severity of COVID-19: A review update

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Jonathan Ibrahim ◽  
Fatima Mahmoud Muhammad ◽  
Dalyop Daniel Gyang ◽  
Victoria Sanda Felix ◽  
Toheeb Damilola Yissa
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
H1n1 Influenza ◽  
The Body ◽  
Defence Mechanism ◽  
Host Nutrition ◽  
Quality Diet ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Relationship

Transmissible diseases are on the increase worldwide. Viral diseases have continued to emerge and represent a serious issue to public health. In the last twenty years, several viral epidemics such as the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) in 2002 to 2003, and H1N1 influenza in 2009, were recorded. In this study, the role of nutrition in ameliorating the mortality rate of Covid-19 virus infection was reviewed. Nutrition has been confirmed as one factor that can be utilized to inhibit the upshot of viral infection before clinical treatment is received by the patient. For the body to function normally, its nutritional demand must be met in the right proportions. Diet rich in vitamins, minerals and micronutrients are required for the metabolic functioning of the body and immune system, hence effective or adequate nutrition has health benefits to the human body particularly in fighting against infectious diseases including Covid-19. In defining the relationship or interaction between nutrition and infection, nutritionists have conventionally considered only the effects of diet on the host. Contemporary findings, however, stipulates that, at least for an RNA virus, host nutrition can influence the genetic make-up of the pathogen and thereby alter its virulence. Living on a quality diet has a way of improving the body defence mechanism against infectious diseases, Covid-19 virus inclusive. Adequate dietary nutrition could be an effective approach to counter the outbreak of Covid-19 pandemic, which is yet to have a worldwide scientifically acceptable treatment

scholarly journals Harnessing immunological targets for COVID-19 immunotherapy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhishesh Kumar Mehata ◽  
Matte Kasi Viswanadh ◽  
Vishnu Priya ◽  
Vikas ◽  
Madaswamy S Muthu
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Protective Immunity ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
The Body ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Host Immune System ◽  
Molecular Alteration ◽  
Microbial Infections ◽  
Permanent Cure

COVID-19 is an infectious and highly contagious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2. The immunotherapy strategy has a great potential to develop a permanent cure against COVID-19. Innate immune cells are in constant motion to scan molecular alteration to cells led by microbial infections throughout the body and helps in clearing invading viruses. Harnessing immunological targets for removing viral infection, generally based on the principle of enhancing the T-cell and protective immune responses. Currently-approved COVID-19 vaccines are mRNA encapsulated in liposomes that stimulate the host immune system to produce antibodies. Given the vital role of innate immunity, harnessing these immune responses opens up new hope for the generation of long-lasting and protective immunity against COVID-19.

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