Immunization with soot from a non-combustion process provokes formation of antibodies against polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are harmful to human body and environment. In order to know the formatting rules of benzene and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in gasoline combustion process, a series of tests are done in a constant volume combustion bomb. The emissions of benzene and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are measured by a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyzer. The test results show that the benzene in combustion products comes from the incomplete combustion fuel. The free radicals out of cracking fuel may also become benzene in combustion process. Adding ethanol in fuels does not necessarily increase the emission of benzene. Formation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons varies with temperature.

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Three-Dimensional Flamelet Simulation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Formation in DI-Diesel Engines

International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering ◽

10.1515/1542-6580.2404 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Beijing Zhong ◽

Shuai Dang ◽

Jun Xi

Keyword(s):

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽

Numerical Simulations ◽

Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽

Direct Injection ◽

Combustion Process ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Kinetic Mechanism ◽

Flamelet Model ◽

Polycyclic Aromatic ◽

Reduced Kinetic Mechanism

In this study, numerical simulations for an n-heptane fueled Chaochai 6102bzl direct injection diesel engine are performed in order to predict the chemical details of the combustion process and resulting polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (such as benzene, naphthalene, phenanthrene and pyrene) formation. The diesel geometry and reduced kinetic mechanism of n-heptane oxidation, which includes only 86 reactions and 57 species, have been developed and incorporated into the computational fluid dynamics code, FLUENT. The diesel unsteady laminar flamelet model, turbulence model and spray model have been employed in the numerical simulations. The numerical simulation results showed that the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were firstly increased with the increase of diesel crank angel and then decreased, which was mostly located at the bottom of diesel combustion chamber wall.

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Study of Polcyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Distribution and their Origination in the Soil of Beihu Area, China

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.281.280 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 281 ◽

pp. 280-285

Author(s):

Li Song Hu ◽

Guang Hui He ◽

Xi Wen Liu ◽

Yan Wang

Keyword(s):

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽

Organic Pollutants ◽

Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽

Detection Method ◽

Combustion Process ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Lake Area ◽

Average Residue ◽

Polycyclic Aromatic

In this paper, 34 soil samples was collected in Beihu Lake area in Wuhan, Hubei province for determination of 16 types of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), in order to study the residues of persistent organic pollutants in soil of Beihu area, GC-MS, as well as a detection method called EPA8080A, was used to detect these PAHs, including Naphthalene, Acenaphthylene, Acenaphthene, Fluorene, Phenanthrene, Anthracene, Fluoranthene, Pyrene, Benzo(a)anthracene, Chrysene, Benzo(b)fluoranthene, Benzo(k)fluoranthene, Benzo(a)pyrene, Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene, Dibenzo(a,h)anthracene and Benzo(g,hi)perylene. The result showed that PAHs could be found in all the samples, and the average residue of PAHs was 4114.2 ng/g. The coefficient of variation was 0.98, which indicated a greater dispersion. The pollution was more serious in the specified district than other domestic and foreign area. The ratio of specific PAHs demonstrated that they mainly came from combustion process and then fall to the surface by means of atmospheric deposition, thus, the departments concerned should strengthen or improve the use of fuel.

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Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Fired Clay Bricks Incorporating Cigarette Butts

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14082032 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (8) ◽

pp. 2032

Author(s):

Halenur Kurmus ◽

Abbas Mohajerani ◽

Stephen Grist

Keyword(s):

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽

Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽

Water Solubility ◽

Combustion Process ◽

Toxic Waste ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Firing Process ◽

Clay Bricks ◽

Cigarette Butts ◽

Polycyclic Aromatic

Cigarette butts (CBs) are the most common littered waste in the world and may contain polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from the incomplete combustion of tobacco during burning. Therefore, to investigate the potential PAH residual remaining in fired clay bricks (FCBs) incorporating CBs and examine the environmental impact of utilizing toxic waste in the production of FCBs, a comprehensive PAH extraction analysis was conducted. The Soxhlet extraction method was utilized to conduct a qualitative and quantitative analysis of sixteen toxic Environmental Protection Authority (EPA) Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in FCB samples incorporating CBs using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The concentrations of the mean total (Σ)PAHs for FCBs incorporating 0%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2% CBs by weight (wt) were found to be 0.183, 0.180, 0.242, 0.234, and 0.463 µg/mL. As expected, PAHs with higher water solubility and volatility, naphthalene, fluorene, anthracene, pyrene, fluoranthene, and chrysene were found at higher concentrations compared to lipophilic PAHs. The ΣPAH concentrations for all five FCB–CB mixes were well below the EPA Victoria solid waste hazard categorization threshold for industrial waste. Moreover, the samples were studied for their carbon content using the carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and sulfur (CHNS) analyzer and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results confirm an almost 100% combustion process of CBs during the firing process. A content less than 0.3% suggests that all carbon within the FCB–CB mixture relatively disappeared during the firing process up to 1050 °C. However, further research regarding the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) during the production of FCBs incorporating CBs should be conducted.

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Chemical Oxidation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Water By Ferrates(VI)

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S ◽

10.2478/eces-2020-0032 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 27 (4) ◽

pp. 529-542

Author(s):

Barbora Antošová ◽

Pavel Hrabák ◽

Vojtěch Antoš ◽

Stanisław Wacławek

Keyword(s):

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽

Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽

Fossil Fuels ◽

Degradation Products ◽

Combustion Process ◽

Chemical Oxidation ◽

Oxidation Potential ◽

Point Of View ◽

Chemical Agent ◽

Polycyclic Aromatic

Abstract Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a common part of the environment where they come from burning fossil fuels (through an incomplete combustion process). From a toxicological point of view, PAHs are considered to be carcinogens with a mutagenic and teratogenic effect. On the other hand, ferrates are generally believed to be the ideal chemical agent for water treatment due to their strong oxidation potential. Herein, the efficiency of degradation of PAHs (with the special emphasis on B[a]P) by ferrates under laboratory conditions was studied. The formation of degradation products was also considered. For this, two types of ferrates were used and both of them efficiently degraded B[a]P. When comparing ferrates that were bought from a Czech and USA company, no significant changes in terms of B[a]P degradability were observed. It was determined that the degradation efficiency of PAHs by ferrates was dependent on their molecular weight. Two and three cyclic PAHs have been completely degraded within 30 minutes, whereas five (and more) cyclic PAHs, only partially. The results obtained with ferrates were compared to the ones obtained with a classical oxidizing agent - KMnO4. In a qualitative test to detect degradation products of PAHs, two were identified, namely fluoren-9-one derived from fluorene and acentaphthylene, formed from acenaphthene.

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Optimization of Programmed Temperature Vaporization Injection for Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Diesel Combustion Process

Energies ◽

10.3390/en12244791 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (24) ◽

pp. 4791 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Yuehan Qiao ◽

Gang Lyu ◽

Chonglin Song ◽

Xingyu Liang ◽

Huawei Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽

Diesel Engine ◽

Gas Phase ◽

Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽

Combustion Process ◽

Inlet Temperature ◽

Diesel Combustion ◽

Particle Phase ◽

Polycyclic Aromatic ◽

Programmed Temperature Vaporization

In this study, programmed temperature vaporization in the solvent vent mode (PTV-SV) of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was optimized and validated for the analysis of particle-phase and gas-phase polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from diesel engine combustion. Because of the large number of experimental and response variables to be studied, central composite inscribed design was used to optimize the PTV-SV injection factors, including initial inlet temperature, vaporization flow and time. The optimized PTV-SV method was validated by linearity, accuracy and sensitivity. For the 16 Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) studied, the correlation coefficients for the calibration plots of peak areas versus concentrations (0.5–300 ng mL−1) ranged from 0.9812–0.9998. Limits of detection ranged from 0.016–20,130.375 ng mL−1, and limits of quantification ranged from 0.055–1.25 ng mL−1. The optimized method was used for the analysis of real samples collected from a diesel engine, which included particle-phase and gas-phase PAHs. The results showed that the improved PTV-SV method was satisfying for simultaneously identifying and quantifying PAHs produced during diesel combustion.

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