Risk assessment of offshore crude oil pipeline failure

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 101-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireda Aljaroudi ◽  
Faisal Khan ◽  
Ayhan Akinturk ◽  
Mahmoud Haddara ◽  
Premkumar Thodi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Oil Pipeline ◽  
Pipeline Failure

Smart Utility Pigs Used to Determine and Monitor Pipeline Out-of-Straightness, With Specific Reference to Inspection of BP Alaska’s 10” Northstar Crude Oil Pipeline

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bob Snodgrass ◽  
David Moore ◽  
Barry Nicholson
Keyword(s):  
Angular Velocity ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
Oil Pipeline ◽  
Thermal Changes ◽  
Pipeline Failure ◽  
Over Time

Through necessity many pipelines and flowlines are required to operate under conditions where their position may be displaced over time. Such movements can occur for a wide variety of reasons, but are most commonly associated with either movement of the physical surroundings of the pipeline causing movement of the pipeline itself, and/or thermal changes in the pipeline causing expansion and contraction. Displacements as described result in the pipeline experiencing increased levels of strain at local out-of-straightness events, potentially resulting in pipeline failure. The ability to measure and monitor pipeline displacements, in particular identifying specific regions of out-of-straightness, is valuable to both the existing pipeline operator who wants to operate their assets safely, and also to the pipeline designer who is able to design future pipelines with the knowledge that such monitoring capabilities exist. Smart Utility Pig technology measures the longitudinal shape of a pipeline using an onboard accelerometer and angular velocity sensors. The data logged by these instruments allows out-of-straightness features to be identified and profiles of the vertical and horizontal shape of each to be calculated. This paper presents an overview of the requirements for such Smart Utility Pig technology, and details of out-of-straightness measurement applications. In particular, projects are identified where the technology has been deployed in such a role, including specific reference to BP Alaska’s 10” Northstar crude oil pipeline.

scholarly journals Life Prediction of Crude Oil Pipeline to Mitigate Leakages: A Case Study of an NPDC Major Pipeline in OML30, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry Freedom Ifowodo ◽  
Chinedum Ogonna Mgbemena ◽  
Christopher Okechukwu Izelu
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Gas Field ◽  
Internal Corrosion ◽  
Oil Pipeline ◽  
Oil And Gas Field ◽  
Pipeline Failure ◽  
Pipeline Failures ◽  
Major Pipeline

Abstract Pipeline leak or failure is a dreaded event in the oil and gas industries. Top events such as catastrophes and multiple fatalities have occurred in the past due to pipeline leak or failure especially when loss of contents was met with fire incidents. It is therefore imperative that the causes of pipeline failure are tackled to prevent or mitigate leak incidents. This is expedient to curb the menace that goes with leak incidents, such as destruction of the environment and ecosystem; loss of assets, finance, lives and property; dangers to workers and personnel, production downtime, litigation and dent to company’s reputation. This work focuses on the investigation of the actual cause of sudden pipeline failures and frequent pipeline leaks that often result to sectional pipeline replacement before the expiration of their anticipated life cycle in OML30 oil and gas field. The pipeline material selected, the standard of the minimum wall thickness of the material, the corrosive nature of the pipeline content and the observed internal corrosion rate were probed. An analysis of the rate of thinning and diminution of the internal wall of the pipeline by monitoring the interior rate of corrosion was used to forecast the remaining life of a crude oil pipeline and predict the life expectancy of a newly replaced or installed pipeline or installed pipeline.

scholarly journals The risk assessment of a crude oil pipeline using fuzzy and bayesian based bow-tie analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jishin Jayan T ◽  
◽  
Muthukumar K ◽  
Renjith V.R. ◽  
Priscilla George ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Expert Elicitation ◽  
Weak Links ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Oil Pipeline ◽  
Effective Dynamic ◽  
Pipeline Failure ◽  
Bow Tie

Cross country pipelines are one of the major modes of transportation of petroleum products. Due to external and internal factors, the failure probability of pipeline is increasing over the past decades. The failure of pipelines can cause fires, which can result in environmental damage, loss of materials and further resulting into casualties. Effective risk assessment is vital to prevent and mitigate such potential incidents. In this work, an efficient tool that makes use of Bayesian approach along with Bow-tie analysis is used to obtain the failure frequencies of all the identified causes that may lead to failure of the selected pipeline located in Kerala, India. Bayesian networks can perform effective dynamic risk analysis by considering the conditional dependencies between various basic events leading to pipeline failure. The fuzzy logic and expert elicitation method are incorporated to determine the prior failure frequencies of all the identified causes of pipeline failure. The effectiveness of Bayesian network in performing forward analysis to determine the probabilities of pipeline failure consequences is demonstrated. This study also identifies the weak links associated with the occurrence of particular consequences, so that adequate measures can be taken to rectify them.

Congelation Risk Assessment of Oil Pipeline on Basis of Improved Monte-Carlo Method

2013 ◽  
Vol 365-366 ◽  
pp. 1324-1327
Author(s):  
Xian Li Li ◽  
Yang Wang ◽  
Wen Kun Su ◽  
Qing Lin Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Monte Carlo Method ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Pour Point ◽  
Reliability Theory ◽  
Scientific Management ◽  
Oil Pipeline ◽  
Failure Possibility ◽  
Financial Losses

Congelation accident in pipeline of crude oil is always being a serious problem in china, which is mainly determined by the properties of domestic crude oil such as high content of wax, high pour point and viscosity. When oil pipeline operates at low throughput or shutdown, congelation accident always happen as the temperature of oil drops, which causes malignant accidents and significant financial losses. Using improved Monte-Carlo method of reliability theory, the failure possibility of congelation was numerically calculated. Whereas, the consequences of congelation accident were also fully analyzed, these can provide evidences for accident treatment, planned maintenance, security operation and scientific management.

scholarly journals Geophysical investigations for stability and safety mitigation of regional crude-oil pipeline near abandoned coal mines

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-162
Author(s):  
B Butchibabu ◽  
Prosanta Kumar Khan ◽  
P C Jha
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Seismic Refraction ◽  
High Resolution Imaging ◽  
Weak Zone ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Oil Pipeline ◽  
Refraction Tomography ◽  
Geophysical Investigations ◽  
Resolution Imaging

Abstract This study aims for the protection of a crude-oil pipeline, buried at a shallow depth, against a probable environmental hazard and pilferage. Both surface and borehole geophysical techniques such as electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), ground penetrating radar (GPR), surface seismic refraction tomography (SRT), cross-hole seismic tomography (CST) and cross-hole seismic profiling (CSP) were used to map the vulnerable zones. Data were acquired using ERT, GPR and SRT along the pipeline for a length of 750 m, and across the pipeline for a length of 4096 m (over 16 profiles of ERT and SRT with a separation of 50 m) for high-resolution imaging of the near-surface features. Borehole techniques, based on six CSP and three CST, were carried out at potentially vulnerable locations up to a depth of 30 m to complement the surface mapping with high-resolution imaging of deeper features. The ERT results revealed the presence of voids or cavities below the pipeline. A major weak zone was identified at the central part of the study area extending significantly deep into the subsurface. CSP and CST results also confirmed the presence of weak zones below the pipeline. The integrated geophysical investigations helped to detect the old workings and a deformation zone in the overburden. These features near the pipeline produced instability leading to deformation in the overburden, and led to subsidence in close vicinity of the concerned area. The area for imminent subsidence, proposed based on the results of the present comprehensive geophysical investigations, was found critical for the pipeline.

scholarly journals Data Analysis and Discussion on the Reliability of the Control Principle of a Sealed Crude Oil Pipeline

2021 ◽  
Vol 1927 (1) ◽  
pp. 012021
Author(s):  
Junjiang Liu ◽  
Liang Feng ◽  
Dake Yang ◽  
Xianghui Li
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Oil Pipeline ◽  
Control Principle

Experimental study on the wax removal physics of foam pig in crude oil pipeline pigging

2021 ◽  
Vol 205 ◽  
pp. 108881
Author(s):  
Xuedong Gao ◽  
Qiyu Huang ◽  
Xun Zhang ◽  
Yu Zhang ◽  
Xiangrui Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Oil Pipeline ◽  
Wax Removal

Comparison of Human Health and Safety Loss due to Corroded Gas Pipeline Failure in Rural and Urban Areas: A Case Study in Malaysia

2015 ◽  
Vol 227 ◽  
pp. 221-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norhamimi Mohd Hanafiah ◽  
Libriati Zardasti ◽  
Yahaya Nordin ◽  
Norhazilan Md Noor ◽  
Ahmad A. Safuan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Quantitative Risk Assessment ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Consequence Assessment ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Pipeline Failure

Consequence assessment is an integral part of the risk assessment process. There are many types of consequences loss due to pipeline failure such as asset loss, environmental loss, production loss, and human health and safety loss (HHSL). This paper studies the comparison of HHSL between rural and urban areas due to pipeline failure subject to corrosion. The damage area of the explosion was calculated using Aloha software by considering the details of the selected sites such as atmospheric and topographical conditions. The HHSL was calculated using a mathematical equation of quantitative risk assessment in terms of the number of fatalities or injuries or both. The results of the assessments from rural and urban areas were then compared with one another to identify any significant dissimilarity. This study shows that there was a possibility to improve the decisive value of risk by implementing the proposed approach in consequence assessment in Malaysia.

Applying the Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA) to Improve Safety Management of Oil and Gas Pipeline Stations in China

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenxing Feng ◽  
Xiaoqiang Xiang ◽  
Guangming Jia ◽  
Lianshuang Dai ◽  
Yulei Gu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Hazard Identification ◽  
Gas Pipeline ◽  
Industrial Safety ◽  
Quantitative Risk Assessment ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Land Resource ◽  
Oil Pipeline

The oil and gas pipeline companies in China are facing unprecedented opportunities and challenges because of China’s increasing demand for oil and gas energy that is attributed to rapid economic and social development. Limitation of land resource and the fast urbanization lead to a determinate result that many pipelines have to go through or be adjacent to highly populated areas such as cities or towns. The increasing Chinese government regulation, and public concerns about industrial safety and environmental protection push the pipeline companies to enhance the safety, health and environmental protection management. In recent years, PetroChina Pipeline Company (PPC) pays a lot of attention and effort to improve employees and public safety around the pipeline facilities. A comprehensive, integrated HSE management system is continuously improved and effectively implemented in PPC. PPC conducts hazard identification, risk assessment, risk control and mitigation, risk monitoring. For the oil and gas stations in highly populated area or with numerous employees, PPC carries out quantitative risk assessment (QRA) to evaluate and manage the population risk. To make the assessment, “Guidelines for quantitative risk assessments” (purple book) published by Committee for the Prevention of Disasters of Netherlands is used along with a software package. The basic principles, process, and methods of QRA technology are introduced in this article. The process is to identify the station hazards, determinate the failure scenarios of the facilities, estimate the possibilities of leakage failures, calculate the consequences of failures and damages to population, demonstrate the individual risk and social risk, and evaluate whether the risk is acceptable. The process may involve the mathematical modeling of fluid and gas spill, dispersion, fire and explosion. One QRA case in an oil pipeline station is described in this article to illustrate the application process and discuss several key issues in the assessment. Using QRA technique, about 20 stations have been evaluated in PPC. On the basis of the results, managers have taken prevention and mitigation plans to control the risk. QRAs in the pipeline station can provide a quantitative basis and valuable reference for the company’s decision-making and land use planning. Also, QRA can play a role to make a better relationship between the pipeline companies and the local regulator and public. Finally, this article delivers limitations of QRA in Chinese pipeline stations and discusses issues of the solutions.

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