Numerical model for acid-etching of titanium: Engineering surface roughness for dental implants

The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of sandblasting and acid etching on the surface roughness and morphology of pure titanium and titanium alloy to compare their relative contribution. Both of these samples were first sandblasted and then acid etched using HCL and H2SO4for different duration and temperature. The results of this study indicated that the roughness value for pure titanium increased after acid etching while the opposite occurred for the titanium alloy. It is suggested that the decrease is due to significant over etching of the protective titanium oxide layer on the alloy.

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Effect of Acid Etching on Surface Chemistry and Microstructure of HA and CMP Grit-Blasted Ti Surface

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.309-311.391 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 309-311 ◽

pp. 391-394

Author(s):

A.W. Haryadi ◽

Chang Kuk You ◽

Shin Yoon Kim ◽

Eui Kyun Park ◽

Kyo Han Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Surface Roughness ◽

Surface Chemistry ◽

Dental Implants ◽

Acid Concentration ◽

Etching Rate ◽

Acid Etching ◽

Etching Time ◽

Etching Solution ◽

Grit Blasting

Grit blasting using bioactive HA and biodegradable CMP followed by acid etching has been done. HNO3 and H3PO4 were used for the etching solution by controlling the concentration and etching time to know the effect on the surface chemistry and morphology of the Ti implant. Characterization of samples was done by using SEM, EDX and surface profilometer. The contents of residues on Ti surface decreased with increasing acid concentration and etching time. It was observed that the acidic etching rate of HA grits on Ti surface was faster than that of CMP grits. And HNO3 etched more rapidly the HA and CMP grits on Ti surface, compared to H3PO4. Therefore, the surface roughness of dental implants can be controlled by having appropriate combination of acid concentration and etching time.

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Surface Modification of Dental Implants - A Review

Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences ◽

10.14260/jemds/2021/265 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (17) ◽

pp. 1246-1250

Author(s):

Shamaa Anjum ◽

Arvina Rajasekar

Keyword(s):

Surface Roughness ◽

Surface Modification ◽

Dental Implants ◽

Surface Engineering ◽

Surface Modifications ◽

Calcium Phosphate Coating ◽

Acid Etching ◽

Success Rates ◽

Implant Surface ◽

Osteoblast Activity

The use of dental implants for the replacement of missing teeth has increased in the last 30 years. The success rates for implant placement depend on a series of both biological and clinical steps which starts with primary stability that is being provided by the amount, quality and the distribution of bone within the proposed implant site. The most important factor in implant osseointegration is surface roughness, which shows increased osteoblast activity at 1 to 100 μm of the surface roughness when compared to a smooth surface. Rough surfaces have excellent osseointegration than smooth surfaces, but the results of research have been diverse, and it is evident that multiple treatments provide good results. The surfaces of a dental implant have been modified in several ways to improve its biocompatibility and speed up osseointegration. Literature says that any surface modification provides a good surface for osseointegration of the implant when the surface roughness is about 0.44 ~ 8.68 μm. It is also said that acid etching and coating are the most preferred methods for creating good roughness of the implant surface. From animal studies, it is known that implant surface modifications provided by biomolecular coating seemed to enhance the osseointegration by promoting peri-implant bone formation in the early stages of healing. It also seemed to improve histomorphometric analysis and biomechanical testing results. This article reviews the surface modifications of dental implants for the achievement of better success rates. Various methods are used to modify the topography or the chemistry of the implant surfaces which includes acid etching, anodic oxidation, blasting, treatment with fluoride, and calcium phosphate coating. These modifications provide a faster and a stronger osseointegration.1 Recently, hydrophilic properties added to the roughened surfaces or some osteogenic peptides coated on the surfaces shows higher biocompatibility and have induced faster osseointegration compared to the existing modified surfaces. With development in surface engineering techniques, new information on the properties, behaviour, and the reaction of various materials could be discovered which in turn allows the discovery of new materials, modification techniques and design of bio implants for the future. KEY WORDS Dental Implants, Surface Modifications, Biocompatibility, Surface Topography

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Functional Behaviour of Human Periodontal Ligament Cells around Various Dental Implants

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.361-363.837 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 361-363 ◽

pp. 837-840 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Xiao Ting Luo ◽

Zhen Gao ◽

Shi Gui Yan ◽

Wei Deng ◽

Wen Shu Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Surface Roughness ◽

Dental Implants ◽

Periodontal Ligament ◽

Cell Counting ◽

Immunofluorescent Staining ◽

Periodontal Ligament Cells ◽

Human Periodontal Ligament Cells ◽

Proliferation And Differentiation ◽

In Vitro Systems

In the present investigation, four titanium (Ti) surfaces of dental implants were compared through in vitro systems. The surface roughness of Ti was measured by TR240 mobile surface roughmeter. The Ti implants were seeded with human periodontal ligament cells (hPLDCs) and maintained for a period of 0-7 days. The adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation of hPLDCs were observed by using Cell morphology, cell counting and Osteocalcin (OC) immunofluorescent staining. Results suggest that surface roughness of titanium favors hPDLCs behavior and improves cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation.

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Prosthetics of dental implants- surface roughness and P. gingivalis growth in vitro

Clinical Oral Implants Research ◽

10.1111/clr.241_13358 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 29 ◽

pp. 356-356

Author(s):

Julius Maminskas ◽

Monika Zaleckyte ◽

Jurgis Pilipavicius ◽

Aivaras Kareiva ◽

Gediminas Zekonis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Surface Roughness ◽

Dental Implants

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Experimental Investigation into the Effect of Surface Roughness and Mechanical Properties of 3D-Printed Titanium Ti-64 ELI after Heat Treatment

10.20944/preprints202108.0477.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Lebogang Lebea ◽

Harry M Ngwangwa ◽

Dawood Desai ◽

Fuluphelo Nemavhola

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Surface Roughness ◽

Dental Implants ◽

Dental Implant ◽

Complex Geometry ◽

Poor Performance ◽

Vital Role ◽

Ultimate Tensile Stress ◽

3D Printed ◽

Effect Of Surface

The initial stability after implantology is paramount to the survival of the dental implant and the surface roughness of the implant plays a vital role in this regard. The characterisation of surface topography is a complicated branch of metrology, with a huge range of parameters available. Each parameter contributes significantly towards the survival and mechanical properties of 3D-printed specimens. The purpose of this paper is to experimentally investigate the effect of surface roughness of 3D-printed dental implants and 3D-printed dogbone tensile samples under areal height (Ra) parameters, amplitude parameters (average of ordinates), skewness (Rsk) parameters and mechanical properties. During the experiment, roughness values were analysed and the results showed that the skewness parameter demonstrated a minimum value of 0.596%. The 3D-printed dental implant recorded Ra with a 3.4 mm diameter at 43.23% and the 3D-printed dental implant with a 4.3 mm diameter at 26.18%. Samples with a complex geometry exhibited a higher roughness surface, which was the greatest difficulty of additive manufacturing when evaluating surface finish. The results show that when the ultimate tensile stress (UTS) decreases from 968.35 MPa to 955.25 MPa, Ra increases by 1.4% and when UTS increases to 961.18 MPa, Ra increases by 0.6%. When the cycle decreases from 262142 to 137433, Ra shows that less than a 90.74% increase in cycle is obtained. For 3D-printed dental implants, the higher the surface roughness, the lower the mechanical properties, ultimately leading to decreased implant life and poor performance.

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Evaluation of Infection Resistance of Biological Implants through CMP based Micro-Patterning

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/opl.2012.1469 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 1464 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

G. Bahar Basim ◽

Zeynep Ozdemir ◽

Ayse Karagoz

Keyword(s):

Surface Roughness ◽

Dental Implants ◽

Growth Response ◽

Semiconductor Industry ◽

Cardiac Pacemakers ◽

Bacteria Growth ◽

Micro Patterning ◽

Biological Implants ◽

Infection Resistance ◽

Materials Used

ABSTRACTBiomaterials are widely used for dental implants, orthopedic devices, cardiac pacemakers and catheters. One of the main concerns on using bio-implants is the risk of infection on the materials used. In this study, our aim is to quantify the effect of controlled surface roughness on the infection resistance of the titanium based bio-materials which are commonly used for orthopedic devices and dental implants. To modify the surface roughness of the surfaces in a controlled manner, Chemical Mechanical Polishing (CMP) technique, which is extensively used in semiconductor industry for the planarization of the interlayer dielectrics and metals, is utilized. To determine the infection resistance of the created films with varying surface roughness, bacteria growth response was studied on titanium plates after CMP.

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Morphological and Chemical Characterization of Titanium and Zirconia Dental Implants with Different Macro- and Micro-Structure

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app10217520 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (21) ◽

pp. 7520

Author(s):

Maria Menini ◽

Francesco Pera ◽

Francesco Bagnasco ◽

Francesca Delucchi ◽

Elisa Morganti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Surface Roughness ◽

Dental Implants ◽

Chemical Characterization ◽

Sample Surface ◽

Titanium Implants ◽

Good Care ◽

Micro Structure ◽

Chemical Residues ◽

Micro Structures

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the macro- and micro-structure and the chemical composition of the surface of 5 different commercially available dental implants. Roughness values were also calculated. Materials and Methods: 1 zirconia implant (NobelPearl of Nobel Biocare) and 4 titanium implants, Syra (Sweden&Martina), Prama (Sweden&Martina), T3 (Biomet 3i), and Shard (Mech&Human), were analyzed through SEM-EDX analysis and quantitative evaluation of surface roughness (1 sample), and XPS chemical analysis (1 sample). Surface roughness was quantitatively assessed using the stereo-SEM method (SSEM). The following area roughness parameters were calculated, according to ISO25178: Sa, Sz, and Sdr. Results: From the SEM observations, all the implants analyzed presented modern well-developed micro-structures as the result of the specific process of double acid etching alone or combined with other additional treatments. Roughness values were generally greater at the level of the implant body and lower at the collar. The chemical characterization of the implant surfaces exhibited excellent results for all of the implants and indicated good care in the production processes. Conclusions: All the samples were well-conceived in terms of topography and surface roughness, and clean in terms of chemical residues.

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Enamel surface roughness analysis after laser ablation and acid-etching

Journal of Oral Rehabilitation ◽

10.1111/j.1365-2842.1993.tb01603.x ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 213-224 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

C.J. ARCORIA ◽

M.G. LIPPAS ◽

B.A. VITASEK

Keyword(s):

Surface Roughness ◽

Laser Ablation ◽

Enamel Surface ◽

Acid Etching ◽

Roughness Analysis

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Chemical Etching of Dental Implant Material

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.812.201 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 812 ◽

pp. 201-206

Author(s):

Lilla Nádai ◽

Bálint Katona ◽

Eszter Bognár

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Surface Roughness ◽

Dental Implant ◽

Chemical Etching ◽

Single Step ◽

Acid Etching ◽

Etching Time ◽

Distilled Water ◽

Parameter Setting ◽

Grade 5

In this article we dealt with the development of a new method of chemical etching on dental implant materials, Grade 2 and Grade 5 titanium. Certain process creates reproducible homogenous and microrough surface, furthermore improves the reproducibility and productivity for industry appliance. During the research we modified the surface roughness of 2 mm thick samples in a single step of acid etching with a mixture of HF, HNO3and distilled water varying the etching time (15-600 seconds). After the surface treatment we obtained the changes of mass and the surface roughness on both sides of every sample. The resulting surface was examined with stereo-and electron microscopy. Based on our results we can determine a parameter setting where the homogenous and microrough surface is reproducible.

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