scholarly journals Impact of Steel Type, Composition and Heat Treatment Parameters on Effectiveness of Deep Cryogenic Treatment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Jovičević-Klug ◽  
Matic Jovičević-Klug ◽  
Tina Sever ◽  
Darja Feizpour ◽  
Bojan Podgornik
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Cryogenic Treatment ◽  
Deep Cryogenic Treatment ◽  
Steel Type ◽  
Type Composition

scholarly journals Deep Cryogenic Treatment of Metallic Materials

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Jovičević-Klug ◽  
Bojan Podgornik
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Cryogenic Treatment ◽  
Metallic Materials ◽  
Size Change ◽  
Ferrous Alloys ◽  
Deep Cryogenic Treatment ◽  
Ferrous Metals ◽  
Proper Material

Deep cryogenic treatment (DCT) is a type of cryogenic treatment, where a metallic material is subjected to temperatures below -150°C, normally to temperatures of liquid nitrogen (-196 °C). When a material is exposed to DCT as a part of heat treatment, changes in microstructure are induced due to new grain formation, changes in grain size, change in the solubility of atoms, movement of dislocations, alteration of crystal structure, and finally new phase formation. The metallic material's performance and later performance of manufactured components and tools from this specific material are dependent on the selection of proper design, proper material, accuracy with which the tool is made and application of proper heat treatment, including any eventual DCT. Metallic materials are ferrous and non-ferrous metals. In the last years ferrous metals (different grades of steel) and non-ferrous alloys (aluminum, magnesium, titanium, nickel etc.) have been increasingly treated with DCT to alter their properties. DCT treatment has shown to reduce density of defects in crystal structure, increase wear resistance of material, increase hardness, improve toughness, and reduce tensile strength and corrosion resistance. However, some researchers also reported results showing no change in properties (toughness, hardness, corrosion resistance, etc.) or even deterioration when subjected to DCT treatment. This leads to a lack of consistency and reliability of the treatment process, which is needed for successful application in industry. This review provides a synopsis of DCT usage and resulting effects on treated materials used in automotive industry.

scholarly journals Cryogenic treatment of tool steels: A brief review and a case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. Manuscript
Author(s):  
Thee Chowwanonthapunya ◽  
Chaiyawat Peeratatsuwan ◽  
Manote Rithinyo
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Tool Steel ◽  
Retained Austenite ◽  
Cryogenic Treatment ◽  
Cold Treatment ◽  
Tool Steels ◽  
Deep Cryogenic Treatment ◽  
Conventional Heat Treatment ◽  
Wide Range

Tool steels used in marine industries demand for the effective approach to enhance their properties. Normally, conventional heat treatment is widely used to increase the performance of tool steels. However, this method cannot fully enhance the tool steel performance. On the other hand, cryogenic treatment is a supplementary process to the conventional heat treatment, which can promote the conversion of retained austenite to martensite and accelerate the precipitation of fine carbides. In this paper, a systematic review of cryogenic treatment of tool steels was presented. A wide range of useful investigations was reviewed, particularly in the details of the transformation of retained austenite to martensite and the precipitation of the fine carbides. A case study on a tool steel subjected to conventional heat treatment, conventional cold treatment, and deep cryogenic treatment was also given and discussed to give an insight in the cryogenic treatment of tool steels.

Effects of Deep Cryogenic Treatment on Tribological Properties of the Tool Steel DC53

2013 ◽  
Vol 311 ◽  
pp. 477-481
Author(s):  
Yuh Ping Chang ◽  
Huann Ming Chou ◽  
Jeng Haur Horng ◽  
Li Ming Chu ◽  
Zi Wei Huang
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Tool Steel ◽  
Tribological Properties ◽  
Cryogenic Treatment ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Deep Cryogenic Treatment ◽  
The Past ◽  
Surface Magnetization

The bad quality of machining surfaces caused by the micro wear of pressing parts has been a very big trouble for the engineers over the past decades. In order to decrease the surface wear, the technology of heat treatment is used popular. Many papers about the heat treatment technology had been proposed. Especially, the deep cryogenic treatment has been used widely for the purpose of wear-resistance in the industry. Moreover, the method of using variations of surface magnetization to monitor the dynamic tribological properties between the metal pairs has been applied successfully by the author. Therefore, this paper is base on the above statements to further investigate the tribological properties of the tool steel by deep cryogenic treatment. It can be clarified for effects of different deep cryogenic treatment temperatures on wear-resistance of the tool steel DC53. Besides, the purpose of better quality and faster product speed of the pressing process can then be obtained.

Effect of Chemical Composition and Heat Treatment Parameters on the Structure and Properties of Vanadis 23 and Vanadis 30 PM High-Speed Steels

2017 ◽  
Vol 270 ◽  
pp. 258-264
Author(s):  
Jana Sobotová ◽  
Martin Kuřík ◽  
Jakub Lacza
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Cryogenic Treatment ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectrometer ◽  
Metallographic Analysis ◽  
Deep Cryogenic Treatment ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
Conventional Heat Treatment ◽  
Multiple Tempering

The paper deals with the assessment of the effect of content of cobalt and cryogenic treatment on mechanical properties and structure of Vanadis 23 and Vanadis 30 PM high-speed steels. The studied characteristics are evaluated after conventional heat treatment (quenching and multiple tempering) and also when deep cryogenic treatment at -196°C/4 hours was inserted between quenching and tempering. The mechanical properties are assessed by a three-point bending flexural test and by measurement of the hardness. Metallographic analysis is performed using an energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) and the scanning electron microscope (SEM).

scholarly journals A Review Article on Various Phytochemicals and Different Medicinal Activities of Haritaki.

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 1445-1447
Author(s):  
M. Franklin ◽  
P. Perumal ◽  
P. Keerthi Vasan
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Cryogenic Treatment ◽  
Case Hardening ◽  
Heat Treatment Process ◽  
Deep Cryogenic Treatment ◽  
Entire Cross Section ◽  
Characterization Study ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Soaking Temperature

Heat treatment process is a resultant process to improve the mechanical and metallurgical properties of the material. Deep cryogenic treatment is not an alternative process to the heat treatment process it is a complimentary process to the heat treatment and it affects the entire cross section of the material. Deep cryogenic treatment is a heat treatment process where the material is subjected to comparatively extreme low temperature condition in order to enhance the mechanical and metallurgical behaviors of the material. Low alloyed case hardening steels used for manufacturing of parts which required to withstand high operating condition such as axle drives, gears & shafts. In this proposed work 20MnCr5 steel has been subjected to Deep Cryogenic Treatment at different soaking temperature and period. A comparative characterization study has to be conducted, before and after the cryogenic treatment, to investigate the behavior of materials.

scholarly journals Influence of heat treatment parameters on effectiveness of deep cryogenic treatment on properties of high-speed steels

2022 ◽  
Vol 829 ◽  
pp. 142157
Author(s):  
Patricia Jovičević-Klug ◽  
Gašper Puš ◽  
Matic Jovičević-Klug ◽  
Borut Žužek ◽  
Bojan Podgornik
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Cryogenic Treatment ◽  
Deep Cryogenic Treatment

scholarly journals The Sclerometrical, Mechanical, and Wear Behavior of Mg-Y-Nd Magnesium Alloy after Deep Cryogenic Treatment Combined with Heat Treatment

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1218
Author(s):  
Adrian Barylski ◽  
Krzysztof Aniołek ◽  
Grzegorz Dercz ◽  
Marian Kupka ◽  
Izabela Matuła ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Abrasive Wear ◽  
Precipitation Hardening ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Cryogenic Treatment ◽  
Solution Treatment ◽  
Precipitation Process ◽  
Deep Cryogenic Treatment ◽  
Β Phase ◽  
Fold Reduction

The paper investigates changes in the structure, microhardness, and sclerometrical and tribological properties of a Mg-Y-Nd alloy under the influence of deep cryogenic treatment (DCT) in combination with heat treatment. The solution treatment was carried out at 545 °C for 8 h, aging was carried out at 250 °C for 24 h, and the deep cryogenic treatment applied at different treatment stages was performed at −196 °C. Tests showed a significant increase in the number of β-phase precipitates identified as Mg46.1Y6.25RE3.45 in the alloy subjected to DCT after solution treatment followed by aging. In addition, an approximately 20% reduction of the grain size was observed. Changes in the structure in the precipitation process strengthened the alloy and resulted in an increase of its hardness. At the same time, sclerometric tests allowed the micromechanism of wear and the coefficient of resistance to abrasive wear to be determined. Tribological tests showed a three-fold reduction in the volumetric wear and a considerable reduction of the friction coefficient, with the main mechanism observed during friction being abrasive wear. The most favorable properties of the alloy were obtained after precipitation hardening combined with DCT, resulting in a large increase in resistance to abrasive wear. Additionally, the formation of deep scratches in the examined material was reduced. The introduction of sub-zero treatment reduces the precipitation hardening time, and the results obtained indicate that the service life of the Mg-Y-Nd alloy can be extended.

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