History of diagnosed and undiagnosed concussions at baseline had differential impact on neurocognitive performance and symptom scores

2017 ◽  
Vol 381 ◽  
pp. 758 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. O'Connor ◽  
D. Allred ◽  
K. Cameron ◽  
D. Campbell ◽  
C. D’Lauro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neurocognitive Performance ◽  
Differential Impact ◽  
Symptom Scores ◽  
History Of

scholarly journals Motion Sickness Susceptibility and Baseline Vestibular and Ocular-Motor Performance in Adolescent Athletes

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (9) ◽  
pp. 939-944 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Elbin ◽  
Anthony P. Kontos ◽  
Alicia Sufrinko ◽  
Mallory McElroy ◽  
Katie Stephenson-Brown ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Motion Sickness ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Ocular Motor ◽  
Neurocognitive Performance ◽  
High School Athletes ◽  
Symptom Scale ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Symptom Scores ◽  
History Of

Context High school athletes with a history of motion sickness susceptibility exhibit higher baseline vestibular and ocular-motor scores than those without a history of motion sickness susceptibility. Objective To examine the effects of motion sickness susceptibility on baseline vestibular and ocular-motor functioning, neurocognitive performance, and symptom scores. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Preseason concussion testing. Patients or Other Participants A convenience sample of high school athletes (N = 308, age = 15.13 ± 1.21 years) involved in a variety of sports. Main Outcome Measure(s) Vestibular/Ocular Motor Screening, computerized neurocognitive assessment, symptom scale, and Motion Sickness Susceptibility Questionnaire-Short Form (MSSQ-S). Results Participants were categorized into 3 groups based on a median split of the scores (eg, NONE, LOW, and HIGH). The LOW (n = 95) and HIGH (n = 92) groups (ie, MSSQ-S score > 0) were 2.64 times more likely (χ21,257 = 7.94, P = .01, 95% confidence interval = 1.32, 5.26) to have baseline Vestibular/Ocular Motor Screening scores larger than the clinical cutoffs for the NONE group (n = 70). No between-groups main effects were present for the NONE (n = 52), LOW (n = 89), and HIGH (n = 90) MSSQ-S groups for verbal (F2,230 = .09, P = .91, η2 = .001) and visual (F2,230 = .15, P = .86, η2 = .001) memory, processing speed (F2,230 = .78, P = .46, η2 = .007), or reaction time (F2,230 = 2.21, P = .11, η2 = .002). The HIGH group exhibited higher total baseline symptom scores than the LOW (U = 3325.50, z = −1.99, P = .05, r = .15) and NONE (U = 1647.50, z = −2.83, P = .005, r = .24) groups. Conclusions Motion sickness should be considered a preexisting risk factor that might influence specific domains of the baseline concussion assessment and postinjury management.

Blood Biomarkers Relate to Cognitive Performance Years after Traumatic Brain Injury in Service Members and Veterans

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Sara M. Lippa ◽  
Jessica Gill ◽  
Tracey A. Brickell ◽  
Louis M. French ◽  
Rael T. Lange
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Cognitive Outcome ◽  
Service Members ◽  
Neurocognitive Performance ◽  
Blood Biomarkers ◽  
Post Injury ◽  
Blood Draw ◽  
Neurofilament Light ◽  
History Of

Abstract Objective: This study examines the relationship of serum total tau, neurofilament light (NFL), ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCH-L1), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) with neurocognitive performance in service members and veterans with a history of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Method: Service members (n = 488) with a history of uncomplicated mild (n = 172), complicated mild, moderate, severe, or penetrating TBI (sTBI; n = 126), injured controls (n = 116), and non-injured controls (n = 74) prospectively enrolled from Military Treatment Facilities. Participants completed a blood draw and neuropsychological assessment a year or more post-injury. Six neuropsychological composite scores and presence/absence of mild neurocognitive disorder (MNCD) were evaluated. Within each group, stepwise hierarchical regression models were conducted. Results: Within the sTBI group, increased serum UCH-L1 was related to worse immediate memory and delayed memory (R2Δ = .065–.084, ps < .05) performance, while increased GFAP was related to worse perceptual reasoning (R2Δ = .030, p = .036). Unexpectedly, within injured controls, UCH-L1 and GFAP were inversely related to working memory (R2Δ = .052–.071, ps < .05), and NFL was related to executive functioning (R2Δ = .039, p = .021) and MNCD (Exp(B) = 1.119, p = .029). Conclusions: Results suggest GFAP and UCH-L1 could play a role in predicting poor cognitive outcome following complicated mild and more severe TBI. Further investigation of blood biomarkers and cognition is warranted.

Neurocognitive performance of methamphetamine users discordant for history of marijuana exposure

2004 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raul Gonzalez ◽  
Julie D. Rippeth ◽  
Catherine L. Carey ◽  
Robert K. Heaton ◽  
David J. Moore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neurocognitive Performance ◽  
History Of

scholarly journals Differential Impact of Lactose/Lactase Phenotype on Colonic Microflora

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 373-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Szilagyi ◽  
Ian Shrier ◽  
Debra Heilpern ◽  
Jung Sung Je ◽  
Sunghoon Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Dose ◽  
Breath Hydrogen ◽  
Differential Impact ◽  
Dairy Food ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Symptom Scores ◽  
Disease Risks ◽  
Challenge Tests ◽  
Risk Variability ◽  
Beta Galactosidase

BACKGROUND: The ability to digest lactose divides the world’s population into two phenotypes that may be risk variability markers for several diseases. Prebiotic effects likely favour lactose maldigesters who experience lactose spilling into their colon.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of fixed-dose lactose solutions on fecal bifidobacteria and lactobacilli in digesters and maldigesters, and to determine whether the concept of a difference in ability to digest lactose is supported.METHODS: A four-week study was performed in 23 lactose mal-digesters and 18 digesters. Following two weeks of dairy food withdrawal, subjects ingested 25 g of lactose twice a day for two weeks. Stool bifidobacteria and lactobacilli counts pre- and postintervention were measured as the primary outcome. For secondary outcomes, total anaerobes, Enterobacteriaceae, beta-galactosidase and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase activity in stool, as well as breath hydrogen and symptoms following lactose challenge tests, were measured.RESULTS: Lactose maldigesters had a mean change difference (0.72 log10colony forming units/g stool; P=0.04) in bifidobacteria counts compared with lactose digesters. Lactobacilli counts were increased, but not significantly. Nevertheless, reduced breath hydrogen after lactose ingestion correlated with lactobacilli (r=−0.5; P<0.001). Reduced total breath hydrogen and symptom scores together, with a rise in fecal enzymes after intervention, were appropriate, but not significant.CONCLUSIONS: Despite failure to achieve full colonic adaptation, the present study provided evidence for a differential impact of lactose on microflora depending on genetic lactase status. A prebiotic effect was evident in lactose maldigesters but not in lactose digesters. This may play a role in modifying the mechanisms of certain disease risks related to dairy food consumption between the two phenotypes.

scholarly journals Associations between estradiol and testosterone and depressive symptom scores of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 in ovariectomized women: a population-based analysis of NHANES data

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ching-Yen Chen ◽  
Jian-Hong Chen ◽  
Shao-Chun Ree ◽  
Chun-Wei Chang ◽  
Sheng-Hsiang Yu
Keyword(s):  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Patient Health Questionnaire ◽  
Depression Symptom ◽  
Health Questionnaire ◽  
Serum Estradiol ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Symptom Scores ◽  
Patient Health ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background Women are well known to be susceptible to developing affective disorders, yet little attention has been given to effects of ovariectomy-reduced hormones and links with depression. This population-based cross-sectional study aimed to investigate possible associations between ovariectomy-reduced hormones and depression symptom scores of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) in ovariectomized women. Methods Data of PHQ-9 scores, demographics and comorbidities of ovariectomized women were extracted from the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database (2013–2016) and were analyzed retrospectively. Results Among ovariectomized women in the NHANES database, serum estradiol levels were significantly positively associated with PHQ-9 scores (ß = 0.014, 95% CI: 0.001, 0.028, P = 0.040), whereas serum testosterone was negatively associated with PHQ-9 scores (ß = -0.033, 95% CI: − 0.048, − 0.018, P < 0.001) after adjusting for confounders. Further stratified analyses revealed that serum estradiol was positively associated with PHQ-9 only among women with history of estrogen use. Serum testosterone levels were negatively associated with PHQ-9 among women with or without prior estrogen use but this was only observed among women aged <  = 60 years (ß = − 0.057, − 0.076, − 0.038, P < 0.001). Conclusions Serum estradiol and testosterone are associated with PHQ-9 scores indicative for depression in ovariectomized women. The associations are modified by age and history of estrogen use. Future prospective studies are warranted to confirm these findings, carefully addressing possible confounding of age-related dementia.

scholarly journals Late contributions of repetitive head impacts and TBI to depression symptoms and cognition

Neurology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 95 (7) ◽  
pp. e793-e804 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael L. Alosco ◽  
Yorghos Tripodis ◽  
Zachary H. Baucom ◽  
Jesse Mez ◽  
Thor D. Stein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Geriatric Depression Scale ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Neurocognitive Performance ◽  
Contact Sport ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Head Impacts ◽  
Repetitive Head Impacts ◽  
History Of

ObjectiveTo test the hypothesis that repetitive head impacts (RHIs), like those from contact sport play and traumatic brain injury (TBI) have long-term neuropsychiatric and cognitive consequences, we compared middle-age and older adult participants who reported a history of RHI and/or TBI with those without this history on measures of depression and cognition.MethodsThis cross-sectional study included 13,323 individuals (mean age, 61.95; 72.5% female) from the Brain Health Registry who completed online assessments, including the Ohio State University TBI Identification Method, the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15), and the CogState Brief Battery and Lumos Labs NeuroCognitive Performance Tests. Inverse propensity-weighted linear regressions accounting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, and education tested the effects of RHI and TBI compared to a non-RHI/TBI group.ResultsA total of 725 participants reported RHI exposure (mostly contact sport play and abuse) and 7,277 reported TBI (n = 2,604 with loss of consciousness [LOC]). RHI (β, 1.24; 95% CI, 0.36–2.12), TBI without LOC (β, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.31–0.54), and TBI with LOC (β, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.59–0.91) corresponded to higher GDS-15 scores. While TBI with LOC had the most neuropsychological associations, TBI without LOC had a negative effect on CogState Identification (β, 0.004; 95% CI, 0.001–0.01) and CogState One Back Test (β, 0.004; 95% CI, 0.0002–0.01). RHI predicted worse CogState One Back Test scores (β, 0.02; 95% CI, −0.01 to 0.05). There were RHI × TBI interaction effects on several neuropsychological subtests, and participants who had a history of both RHI and TBI with LOC had the greatest depression symptoms and worse cognition.ConclusionsRHI and TBI independently contributed to worse mid- to later-life neuropsychiatric and cognitive functioning.

scholarly journals Neurocognitive performance and mental health of retired female football players compared to non-contact sport athletes

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. e000952
Author(s):  
Annika Prien ◽  
Nina Feddermann-Demont ◽  
Evert Verhagen ◽  
Jos Twisk ◽  
Astrid Junge
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Verbal Fluency ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Cognitive Symptoms ◽  
Neurocognitive Performance ◽  
Contact Sport ◽  
History Of

BackgroundAdverse long-term effects of playing football due to repetitive head impact exposure on neurocognition and mental health are controversial. To date, no studies have evaluated such effects in women.AimsTo (1) compare neurocognitive performance, cognitive symptoms and mental health in retired elite female football players (FB) with retired elite female non-contact sport athletes (CON), and to (2) assess whether findings are related to history of concussion and/or heading exposure in FB.MethodsNeurocognitive performance, mental health and cognitive symptoms were assessed using computerised tests (CNS-vital signs), paper pen tests (Category fluency, Trail-Making Test, Digit Span, Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test), questionnaires (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, SF-36v2 Health Survey) and a symptom checklist. Heading exposure and concussion history were self-reported in an online survey and in a clinical interview, respectively. Linear regression was used to analyse the effect of football, concussion and heading exposure on outcomes adjusted for confounders.ResultsFB (n=66) performed similar to CON (n=45) on neurocognitive tests, except for significantly lower scores on verbal memory (mean difference (MD)=−7.038, 95% CI −12.98 to –0.08, p=0.038) and verbal fluency tests (MD=−7.534, 95% CI –13.75 to –0.46, p=0.016). Among FB weaker verbal fluency performance was significantly associated with ≥2 concussions (MD=−10.36, 95% CI –18.48 to –2.83, p=0.017), and weaker verbal memory performance with frequent heading (MD=−9.166, 95% CI –17.59 to –0.123, p=0.041). The depression score differed significantly between study populations, and was significantly associated with frequent heading but not with history of concussion in FB.ConclusionFurther studies should investigate the clinical relevance of our findings and whether the observed associations point to a causal link between repetitive head impacts and verbal memory/fluency or mental health.

Similar Neurocognitive Performance of Adults With and Without a History of Parental Alzheimer’s Disease: A Pilot Study

2005 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 208-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Ercoli ◽  
Prabha Siddarth ◽  
Tracy Harrison ◽  
Elvira Jimenez ◽  
Lissy F. Jarvik
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Neurocognitive Performance ◽  
History Of

scholarly journals Basic symptoms in offspring of parents with mood and psychotic disorders

BJPsych Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alyson Zwicker ◽  
Lynn E. MacKenzie ◽  
Vladislav Drobinin ◽  
Emily Howes Vallis ◽  
Victoria C. Patterson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Familial Risk ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Basic Symptoms ◽  
Symptom Scores ◽  
History Of ◽  
Psychotic Features ◽  
The Relationship

Background Basic symptoms, defined as subjectively perceived disturbances in thought, perception and other essential mental processes, have been established as a predictor of psychotic disorders. However, the relationship between basic symptoms and family history of a transdiagnostic range of severe mental illness, including major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, has not been examined. Aims We sought to test whether non-severe mood disorders and severe mood and psychotic disorders in parents is associated with increased basic symptoms in their biological offspring. Method We measured basic symptoms using the Schizophrenia Proneness Instrument – Child and Youth Version in 332 youth aged 8–26 years, including 93 offspring of control parents, 92 offspring of a parent with non-severe mood disorders, and 147 offspring of a parent with severe mood and psychotic disorders. We tested the relationships between parent mental illness and offspring basic symptoms in mixed-effects linear regression models. Results Offspring of a parent with severe mood and psychotic disorders (B = 0.69, 95% CI 0.22–1.16, P = 0.004) or illness with psychotic features (B = 0.68, 95% CI 0.09–1.27, P = 0.023) had significantly higher basic symptom scores than control offspring. Offspring of a parent with non-severe mood disorders reported intermediate levels of basic symptoms, that did not significantly differ from control offspring. Conclusions Basic symptoms during childhood are a marker of familial risk of psychopathology that is related to severity and is not specific to psychotic illness. Declaration of interest None.

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