The Impact of Chlorhexidine-based Endodontic Treatment on Periapical Cytokine Expression in Teeth

2013 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 889-892 ◽  
Author(s):  
Warley Luciano Fonseca Tavares ◽  
Luciana Carla Neves de Brito ◽  
Luiz Carlos Feitosa Henriques ◽  
Ricardo Reis Oliveira ◽  
Kamilla Faria Maciel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cytokine Expression ◽  
Endodontic Treatment ◽  
The Impact

MAPKs and NF-κB differentially regulate cytokine expression in the diaphragm in response to resistive breathing: the role of oxidative stress

2011 ◽  
Vol 300 (5) ◽  
pp. R1152-R1162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioanna Sigala ◽  
Panayiotis Zacharatos ◽  
Dimitris Toumpanakis ◽  
Tatiana Michailidou ◽  
Olga Noussia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cytokine Expression ◽  
Regulatory Control ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Cytokine Induction ◽  
Resistive Breathing ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
The Impact ◽  
To Receive

Inspiratory resistive breathing (IRB) induces cytokine expression in the diaphragm. The mechanism of this cytokine induction remains elusive. The roles of MAPKs and NF-κB and the impact of oxidative stress in IRB-induced cytokine upregulation in the diaphragm were studied. Wistar rats were subjected to IRB (50% of maximal inspiratory pressure) via a two-way nonrebreathing valve for 1, 3, or 6 h. Additional groups of rats subjected to IRB for 6 h were randomly assigned to receive either solvent or N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) or inhibitors of NF-κB (BAY-11–7082), ERK1/2 (PD98059), and P38 MAPK (SB203580) to study the effect of oxidative stress, NF-κB, and MAPKs in IRB-induced cytokine upregulation in the diaphragm. Quietly breathing animals served as controls. IRB upregulated cytokine (IL-6, TNF-α, IL-10, IL-2, IL-1β) protein levels in the diaphragm and resulted in increased activation of MAPKs (P38, ERK1/2) and NF-κB. Inhibition of NF-κB and ERK1/2 blunted the upregulation of all cytokines except that of IL-6, which was further increased. P38 inhibition attenuated all cytokine (including IL-6) upregulation. Both P38 and ERK1/2 inhibition decreased NF-κB/p65 subunit phosphorylation. NAC pretreatment blunted IRB-induced cytokine upregulation in the diaphragm and resulted in decreased ERK1/2, P38, and NF-κB/p65 phosphorylation. In conclusion, IRB-induced cytokine upregulation in the diaphragm is under the regulatory control of MAPKs and NF-κB. IL-6 is regulated differently from all other cytokines through a P38-dependent and NF-κB independent pathway. Oxidative stress is a stimulus for IRB-induced cytokine upregulation in the diaphragm.

Dental care in pregnancy in Poland. A postnatal questionnaire study

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelika Kobylińska ◽  
Nicole Sochacki-Wójcicka ◽  
Dariusz Gozdowski ◽  
Dorota Bomba-Opoń ◽  
Mirosław Wielgoś ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Dental Care ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Endodontic Treatment ◽  
Place Of Residence ◽  
Dental Visits ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors ◽  
The Impact ◽  
In Pregnancy ◽  
Dental Appointments

Introduction. Pregnancy is a period of increased risk of oral diseases that affect both the course of pregnancy and child’s health. Pregnant women should pay particular attention to dental and periodontal health by implementing intensified preventive and therapeutic activities. Aim. An evaluation of the reasons for dental visits and the types of dental services among pregnant women, with reference to the impact of the socio-demographic factors such as place of residence and the type of medical facility. Material and methods. An electronic survey was conducted among women up to 5 years postpartum (consent of the bioethical committee of Medical University of Warsaw). Socio-demographic data as well as information on the course of pregnancy, dental appointments during pregnancy, the type of dental procedures and the type of attended healthcare facilities were collected. The chi-square test and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient were used for statistical analysis. A p ≤ 0.05 was accepted as statistically significant. Results. A total of 3,439 questionnaires completed 2 weeks to 5 years after delivery by women aged between 13.1 – 45.4 years, including 40.9% of urban residents, 74.8% of women with higher education, and 41% of women in good economic situation, were analysed. A total of 62.3% of respondents reported attending dental appointments (usually private) during pregnancy. The need for treatment was the most common reason for the visit. The attendance and the reasons for dental visits depended on the age, economic status, professional activity, place of residence, level of education, dental care before pregnancy and gynaecologist’s recommendations. A total of 63% of women who reported to the dentist received dental care. The most common procedures included dental caries treatment (53.7%), dental scaling (13.6%) and endodontic treatment (9.5%). Dental radiography was less common (2.5%). Except for tooth extraction and endodontic treatment, all procedures were usually performed in private practices rather than those having a contract with the Polish National Health Fund. Conclusions. Dental attendance among pregnant women, which is modified by socio-demographic factors, is associated with the need for dental treatment and a referral from a gynecologist. The limited use of preventive procedures and avoiding diagnostic radiology during pregnancy indicate the need to educate both future mothers and dentists on dental care in pregnancy.

Complications in Endodontics

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 52-58
Author(s):  
Bhavin Bhuva ◽  
Omar Ikram
Keyword(s):  
Endodontic Treatment ◽  
Clinical Factors ◽  
Iatrogenic Perforation ◽  
Specific Complication ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Treatment Prognosis ◽  
Instrument Separation

Difficulties encountered during endodontic treatment can be a cause of frustration for both clinician and patient. Complications such as iatrogenic perforation, ledge formation, canal blockage, instrument separation and untreated anatomy may impact the outcome of endodontic treatment. Clinicians should understand how each of these complications can occur, be prevented and predictably rectified. It is also important for clinicians to understand the impact of a specific complication on treatment prognosis and to appreciate how this may differ in each case. There may be scenarios where a complication does not significantly affect the prognosis, whereas in other situations, the same complication will be detrimental to the outcome of treatment. An appreciation of the clinical factors which determine prognosis is important, so that the correct intervention is chosen, and the patient is correctly informed of the likely sequelae.

scholarly journals Effect of endodontic treatment on periodontal healing of grade 3 endo-periodontal lesions without root damage in periodontally compromised patients—a retrospective pilot study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurice Ruetters ◽  
Ti-Sun Kim ◽  
Johannes Krisam ◽  
Shirin El-Sayed ◽  
Nihad ElSayed
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Success ◽  
Treatment Protocol ◽  
Initial Diagnosis ◽  
Endodontic Treatment ◽  
Root Damage ◽  
Pocket Depth ◽  
Damage Grade ◽  
Grade 3 ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Periodontal Healing

Abstract Objectives There is little evidence about the effect of different treatment protocols for grade 3 endo-periodontal lesions without root damage in patients with periodontitis according to the new classification of periodontal disease. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of endodontic treatment on the achievement of periodontal healing. Materials and methods Teeth with the initial diagnosis endo-periodontal lesion without root damage grade 3, treated with a standardized endodontic treatment protocol, were included in this study. A retrospective analysis was performed to assess the impact on periodontal healing by evaluating probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment gain (CAL), and periapical index score (PAI). Results Nineteen teeth and 13 patients were included. A mean reduction of 3.19 ± 3.41 mm in PPD was recorded. The mean CAL gain was 2.33± 3.75 mm. Five teeth (45.4%) showed an improvement of PAI and were classified as treatment success. Conclusions The results failed to show a highly predictable treatment outcome for endo-periodontal lesion grade 3 without root damage in patients with periodontitis. However, endodontic therapy alone resulted in treatment success for some of the teeth, which would otherwise have had a poor prognosis. Clinical relevance Endo-periodontal lesions can often be challenging for dentists in daily clinical practice. To date, there is not much evidence for practitioners to rely on. Therefore, this study aims to strengthen the evidence for the management and treatment of endo-periodontal lesions. Although the outcome is not highly predictable yet, teeth with the initial diagnosis endo-periodontal lesion without root damage grade 3 can benefit from an endodontic treatment.

scholarly journals Clinical and radiographic evaluation of the effectiveness of treatment of apical periodontitis with the use of the author`s technique of vacuum-bolus irrigation of root canals

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
И. Куратов ◽  
I. Kuratov ◽  
М. Нагаева ◽  
M. Nagaeva
Keyword(s):  
Apical Periodontitis ◽  
Endodontic Treatment ◽  
Cortical Plate ◽  
Radiographic Evaluation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Main Study ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Bone Trabeculae ◽  
The Impact

A device and techniques for vacuum-bolus irrigation of root canals are developed on the basis of the analysis of existing methods of medical treatment of root canals in endodontic treatment. A comparative assessment of the impact of different variables of vacuum on the degree of cleaning of the root canal model was carried out in an invitro experiment and the optimal values of vacuum and exposure time were pointed out. In the clinical part of the study 52 patients aged from 25 to 44 years with a diagnosis of apical periodontitis were treated and dynamically monitored during one year (the author`s vacuum-bolus technique was applied to 32 patients of the main study group in the course of endodontic irrigation of root canals; while 20 patients of the control group experienced a standard irrigation method with the use of endodontic syringe in the course of endodontic treatment). Criteria of the modified periapical index (PAI) were used to assess the efficacy of treatment. It was found that after 12 months, 90,5 % of patients of the main study group had no signs of demineralization of bone tissue, the orientation of bone trabeculae of cancellous bone and cortical plate were recovering. Thus, the vacuum-boluc irrigation of root canals can help us improve the efficiency of treatment of destructive forms of apical periodontitis.

scholarly journals Endodontic treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic – perception and behaviour of dental professionals

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-70
Author(s):  
Fabio de A Gomes ◽  
Eduarda Malhão ◽  
Cláudio Maniglia-Ferreira ◽  
Danilo Lima ◽  
Maísa Casarin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Endodontic Treatment ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Clinical Practices ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Virus Dissemination ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Dental Professionals ◽  
Dental Appointments

This study evaluated the impact of COVID-19 on the endodontic treatment routine. It was a cross-sectional study using an online questionnaire applied to endodontists to collect information about practical modifications during endodontic treatment to protect professionals and patients against the COVID-19 outbreak. A total 1105 participants from Brazil participated in the survey. More than 90% of respondents identify the high risk of COVID-19 infection to dentists and the need to change some clinical practices. Most respondents (60.1%) are partially following social isolation. The need for a change in Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) during dental appointments was mentioned by 97.1% of respondents. The use of minimal adequate PPE during the pandemic period was associated with the area of residence and marital status of participants. Only 30% of respondents say they use the minimal adequate PPE. Most respondents will change cavity access preparation to reduce virus dissemination. Other changes in endodontic appointments were described in the survey: greater attention to biosafety measures, duration of dental appointments, and duration of intervals between appointments. Endodontists still need to identify the best arrangement for performing their procedures safely during the COVID-19 pandemic. Specific guidelines require detailed information for each specialty and its procedures.

scholarly journals The Perfect Cytokine Storm: How Peripheral Immune Challenges Impact Brain Plasticity & Memory Function in Aging

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Stephanie M Muscat ◽  
Ruth M Barrientos
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Cytokine ◽  
Brain Plasticity ◽  
Memory Function ◽  
Long Term Potentiation ◽  
Cytokine Expression ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Term Potentiation ◽  
Sickness Behaviors ◽  
Immune Challenges ◽  
The Impact

Precipitous declines in cognitive function can occur in older individuals following a variety of peripheral immune insults, such as surgery, infection, injury, and unhealthy diet. Aging is associated with numerous changes to the immune system that shed some light on why this abrupt cognitive deterioration may occur. Normally, peripheral-to-brain immune signaling is tightly regulated and advantageous; communication between the two systems is bi-directional, via either humoral or neural routes. Following an immune challenge, production, secretion, and translocation of cytokines into the brain is critical to the development of adaptive sickness behaviors. However, aging is normally associated with neuroinflammatory priming, notably microglial sensitization. Microglia are the brain’s innate immune cells and become sensitized with advanced age, such that upon immune stimulation they will mount more exaggerated neuroimmune responses. The resultant elevation of pro-inflammatory cytokine expression, namely IL-1β, has profound effects on synaptic plasticity and, consequentially, cognition. In this review, we (1) investigate the processes which lead to aberrantly elevated inflammatory cytokine expression in the aged brain and (2) examine the impact of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β on brain plasticity mechanisms, including its effects on BDNF and AMPA and NMDA receptor-mediated long-term potentiation.

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