scholarly journals The Giry monad is not strong for the canonical symmetric monoidal closed structure on Meas

2018 ◽  
Vol 222 (10) ◽  
pp. 2888-2896 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetsuya Sato
Keyword(s):  
Closed Structure ◽  
Giry Monad

scholarly journals Closed Structure

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Fritz ◽  
Harvey Lederman ◽  
Gabriel Uzquiano
Keyword(s):  
Formal Language ◽  
Syntactic Structure ◽  
Natural Extension ◽  
Propositional Attitudes ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Order Logic ◽  
Bertrand Russell ◽  
Structured Propositions ◽  
Higher Order Logic ◽  
Closed Structure

AbstractAccording to the structured theory of propositions, if two sentences express the same proposition, then they have the same syntactic structure, with corresponding syntactic constituents expressing the same entities. A number of philosophers have recently focused attention on a powerful argument against this theory, based on a result by Bertrand Russell, which shows that the theory of structured propositions is inconsistent in higher order-logic. This paper explores a response to this argument, which involves restricting the scope of the claim that propositions are structured, so that it does not hold for all propositions whatsoever, but only for those which are expressible using closed sentences of a given formal language. We call this restricted principle Closed Structure, and show that it is consistent in classical higher-order logic. As a schematic principle, the strength of Closed Structure is dependent on the chosen language. For its consistency to be philosophically significant, it also needs to be consistent in every extension of the language which the theorist of structured propositions is apt to accept. But, we go on to show, Closed Structure is in fact inconsistent in a very natural extension of the standard language of higher-order logic, which adds resources for plural talk of propositions. We conclude that this particular strategy of restricting the scope of the claim that propositions are structured is not a compelling response to the argument based on Russell’s result, though we note that for some applications, for instance to propositional attitudes, a restricted thesis in the vicinity may hold some promise.

scholarly journals Fullerene Based Sensor and Biosensor Technologies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilmiye Deniz Ertuğrul Uygun ◽  
Zihni Onur Uygun
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Method Development ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Rapid Progress ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Biological Recognition ◽  
Closed Structure ◽  
Carbon Based Nanomaterials ◽  
Modified Sensor

Sensor and biosensor technologies have shown rapid progress in recent years. These technologies use nanomaterials that have an important place in immobilization materials for recognition analyte molecules. Although fullerenes among these materials have attracted much attention in recent years, their number of studies is less than other carbon-based nanomaterials. Thanks to its completely closed structure and at least 30 double bonds, it can be modified from 30 points, which provides a great advantage. At these points, thanks to the ability to modify amine, thiol, carboxyl or metallic groups, modification residues can be created for all kinds of immobilization. According to the zero-dimensional nanomaterial class, fullerenes provide an extremely large surface area. Therefore, it provides more biological or non-biological recognition receptors immobilized on this surface area. Moreover, increasing the surface area with more recognition agent also increases the sensitivity. This is the most important parameter of sensor technologies, which is provided by fullerenes. In this book chapter, the development of fullerene-modified sensor and biosensor technologies are explained with examples, and fullerene modifications are given in figures as fullerene derivatives. Contribution was made in the method development stage by giving comparison of fullerene type sensor and biosensor systems.

scholarly journals Phosphorylcholine Phosphatase: A Peculiar Enzyme of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Eduardo Domenech ◽  
Lisandro Horacio Otero ◽  
Paola Rita Beassoni ◽  
Angela Teresita Lisa
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Adaptive Response ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Coordination Geometry ◽  
Choline Metabolism ◽  
Inhibitory Site ◽  
Closed Structure ◽  
Phosphorylcholine Phosphatase ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Pseudomonas aeruginosa synthesizes phosphorylcholine phosphatase (PchP) when grown on choline, betaine, dimethylglycine or carnitine. In the presence of Mg2+ or Zn2+, PchP catalyzes the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenylphosphate (p-NPP) or phosphorylcholine (Pcho). The regulation of pchP gene expression is under the control of GbdR and NtrC; dimethylglycine is likely the metabolite directly involved in the induction of PchP. Therefore, the regulation of choline metabolism and consequently PchP synthesis may reflect an adaptive response of P. aeruginosa to environmental conditions. Bioinformatic and biochemistry studies shown that PchP contains two sites for alkylammonium compounds (AACs): one in the catalytic site near the metal ion-phosphoester pocket, and another in an inhibitory site responsible for the binding of the alkylammonium moiety. Both sites could be close to each other and interact through the residues 42E, 43E and 82YYY84. Zn2+ is better activator than Mg2+ at pH 5.0 and it is more effective at alleviating the inhibition produced by the entry of Pcho or different AACs in the inhibitory site. We postulate that Zn2+ induces at pH 5.0 a conformational change in the active center that is communicated to the inhibitory site, producing a compact or closed structure. However, at pH 7.4, this effect is not observed because to the hydrolysis of the [Zn2+L2−1L20(H2O)2] complex, which causes a change from octahedral to tetrahedral in the metal coordination geometry. This enzyme is also present in P. fluorescens, P. putida, P. syringae, and other organisms. We have recently crystallized PchP and solved its structure.

OFFSHORE EXPLORATION OF THE SOUTHERN CARNARVON BASIN

1970 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
J. K. Geary
Keyword(s):  
Hydrocarbon Potential ◽  
Geological Exploration ◽  
Lower Carboniferous ◽  
Seismic Surveys ◽  
The North ◽  
Closed Structure ◽  
Upper Silurian ◽  
The Town ◽  
Western Australian ◽  
Carnarvon Basin

A four-year offshore geophysical and geological exploration programme over the Southern Carnarvon Basin, which culminated in the recent drilling of Pendock ID No. 1, has filled a major gap in the geological knowledge of the Western Australian continental shelf.From aeromagnetic and seismic surveys, two north-south trending basins are now recognized with probable thickness of sediments of up to 20,000 ft. These are referred to as the North Gascoyne and South Gascoyne Basins and are separated by a large shallow basement platform rising west of the town of Carnarvon.In the North Gascoyne Basin, seismic mapping indicates two prominent north-easterly structural trends which may be offshore extensions of anticlinal features seen onshore. Pendock ID No. 1, which tested a closed structure along the western trend, was the first offshore well drilled in the Southern Carnarvon Basin.The well, after penetrating a normal Tertiary and Cretaceous section, passed through a major unconformity and entered Lower Carboniferous dolomite. The thick Jurassic, Triassic and Permian sequences occurring onshore were missing, probably due to a combination of truncation and non-deposition. Subsequently, the well penetrated over 2400 ft. of Devonian sediments which included over 1000 ft. of reef complex. This is the first recognized occurrence of Devonian reef in the (arnarson Basin. Total depth was reached at 8205 ft. in Upper Silurian dolomite. Virtually all of the section penetrated was marine. Minor shows of hydrocarbons were encountered in the Paleozoic.The drilling at Pendock has established attractive new exploration objectives and has enhanced the Paleozoic hydrocarbon potential over much of the Carnarvon Basin, both onshore and offshore.

scholarly journals High-Rate Layered Cathode of Lithium-Ion Batteries through Regulating Three-Dimensional Agglomerated Structure

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun-Ping Hu ◽  
Hang Sheng ◽  
Qi Deng ◽  
Qiang Ma ◽  
Jun Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Rate Capability ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Rate ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
High Rate Capability ◽  
Closed Structure ◽  
Short Lifecycle

LiNixCoyMnzO2 (LNCM)-layered materials are considered the most promising cathode for high-energy lithium ion batteries, but suffer from poor rate capability and short lifecycle. In addition, the LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 (NCM 111) is considered one of the most widely used LNCM cathodes because of its high energy density and good safety. Herein, a kind of NCM 111 with semi-closed structure was designed by controlling the amount of urea, which possesses high rate capability and long lifespan, exhibiting 140.9 mAh·g−1 at 0.85 A·g−1 and 114.3 mAh·g−1 at 1.70 A·g−1, respectively. The semi-closed structure is conducive to the infiltration of electrolytes and fast lithium ion-transfer inside the electrode material, thus improving the rate performance of the battery. Our work may provide an effective strategy for designing layered-cathode materials with high rate capability.

scholarly journals The non-abelian tensor product of groups and related constructions

1989 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. D. Gilbert ◽  
P. J. Higgins
Keyword(s):  
Tensor Product ◽  
Special Cases ◽  
Algebraic Description ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Closed Structure ◽  
Product Of Groups

The tensor product of two arbitrary groups acting on each other was introduced by R. Brown and J.-L. Loday in [5, 6]. It arose from consideration of the pushout of crossed squares in connection with applications of a van Kampen theorem for crossed squares. Special cases of the product had previously been studied by A. S.-T. Lue [10] and R. K. Dennis [7]. The tensor product of crossed complexes was introduced by R. Brown and the second author [3] in connection with the fundamental crossed complex π(X) of a filtered space X, which also satisfies a van Kampen theorem. This tensor product provides an algebraic description of the crossed complex π(X ⊗ Y) and gives a symmetric monoidal closed structure to the category of crossed complexes (over groupoids). Both constructions involve non-abelian bilinearity conditions which are versions of standard identities between group commutators. Since any group can be viewed as a crossed complex of rank 1, a close relationship might be expected between the two products. One purpose of this paper is to display the direct connections that exist between them and to clarify their differences.

Experimental Analysis of Heavy Vehicle Hydraulic Retarder during Downhill Driving

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhang Yong
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Method ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Heavy Vehicle ◽  
Control Effect ◽  
Poor Control ◽  
Braking Performance ◽  
Precise Control ◽  
Low Energy Consumption ◽  
Closed Structure ◽  
Hydraulic Retarder

The traditional control method of hydraulic retarder has poor control effect, and a precise control method of hydraulic retarder for heavy vehicle running downhill is proposed in this paper. The dynamics of heavy vehicle is analysed. According to the analysis, the auxiliary braking performance of hydraulic retarder is studied. The hydraulic retarder assembly with closed structure is designed. On this basis, the preliminary control and secondary control of the hydraulic retarder are carried out to realize its precise control. Experimental results show that the dynamic deviation of the retarder speed controlled by the proposed method is 45% lower than that of the traditional method. The proposed method has low energy consumption and strong feasibility.

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