scholarly journals Fullerene Based Sensor and Biosensor Technologies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilmiye Deniz Ertuğrul Uygun ◽  
Zihni Onur Uygun
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Method Development ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Rapid Progress ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Biological Recognition ◽  
Closed Structure ◽  
Carbon Based Nanomaterials ◽  
Modified Sensor

Sensor and biosensor technologies have shown rapid progress in recent years. These technologies use nanomaterials that have an important place in immobilization materials for recognition analyte molecules. Although fullerenes among these materials have attracted much attention in recent years, their number of studies is less than other carbon-based nanomaterials. Thanks to its completely closed structure and at least 30 double bonds, it can be modified from 30 points, which provides a great advantage. At these points, thanks to the ability to modify amine, thiol, carboxyl or metallic groups, modification residues can be created for all kinds of immobilization. According to the zero-dimensional nanomaterial class, fullerenes provide an extremely large surface area. Therefore, it provides more biological or non-biological recognition receptors immobilized on this surface area. Moreover, increasing the surface area with more recognition agent also increases the sensitivity. This is the most important parameter of sensor technologies, which is provided by fullerenes. In this book chapter, the development of fullerene-modified sensor and biosensor technologies are explained with examples, and fullerene modifications are given in figures as fullerene derivatives. Contribution was made in the method development stage by giving comparison of fullerene type sensor and biosensor systems.

Carbon Nanomaterials

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ezgi Ismar ◽  
A.Sezai Sarac
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Carbon Nanofibers ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Carbon Nanomaterials ◽  
Surface Reactivity ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Carbon Based Nanomaterials ◽  
Carbon Based

Development of materials always plays a key role in the civilization of the societies. After the industrial revolution, material-based technologies received attention. Nanotechnology has a revolutionary part in the development of industries. Developing technologies cannot be considered without the usage of nanomaterials. Nano-sized materials have different properties than their bulk forms basically because of the increased surface area, surface reactivity, and energy according to decreased size. Carbon-based nanomaterials have a variety of possible application areas from biosensors to aviation. This compact review put a great deal of emphasis on the position of carbon nanomaterials: CNTs, graphene, and carbon nanofibers together with their main synthesis methods and their application areas. The reader can get a quick idea about the basics of CNTs, graphene, and carbon nanofibers and their fabrication techniques.

scholarly journals Carbon Nanomaterials for the Treatment of Heavy Metal-Contaminated Water and Environmental Remediation

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rabia Baby ◽  
Bullo Saifullah ◽  
Mohd Zobir Hussein
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Environmental Remediation ◽  
Carbon Nanomaterials ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Removal Of Heavy Metals ◽  
Carbon Based Nanomaterials

Abstract Nanotechnology is an advanced field of science having the ability to solve the variety of environmental challenges by controlling the size and shape of the materials at a nanoscale. Carbon nanomaterials are unique because of their nontoxic nature, high surface area, easier biodegradation, and particularly useful environmental remediation. Heavy metal contamination in water is a major problem and poses a great risk to human health. Carbon nanomaterials are getting more and more attention due to their superior physicochemical properties that can be exploited for advanced treatment of heavy metal-contaminated water. Carbon nanomaterials namely carbon nanotubes, fullerenes, graphene, graphene oxide, and activated carbon have great potential for removal of heavy metals from water because of their large surface area, nanoscale size, and availability of different functionalities and they are easier to be chemically modified and recycled. In this article, we have reviewed the recent advancements in the applications of these carbon nanomaterials in the treatment of heavy metal-contaminated water and have also highlighted their application in environmental remediation. Toxicological aspects of carbon-based nanomaterials have also been discussed.

Innovative Approaches to Synthesize Novel Graphene Materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.K.M. Shafiqul Islam ◽  
Rabia Tasaduq Hussain ◽  
Melati Khairuddean ◽  
Faiz Bukhari Mohd Suah ◽  
Naser M. Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
Electrochemical Properties ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Allotropic Form ◽  
2D Structure ◽  
New Research ◽  
Carbon Based Nanomaterials

Abstract: Graphene is an allotropic form of carbon with a single-layer 2D structure. Graphene’s unique physical and electrochemical properties, such as its large surface area, high conductivity, robust mechanical strength, remarkable thermal conductivity, exceptional biocompatibility, and suitability for functionalization, make it a new research frontier for carbon-based nanomaterials. In this review, we summarize the different aspects of graphene, that is, its synthesis via two approaches, namely, top-down and bottom-up approaches, and discuss its new derivatives.

scholarly journals Applying design thinking to biotechnology

1969 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yali Friedman
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Rhode Island ◽  
Method Development ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Design Thinking ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Culture Bottle ◽  
Potential Improvement ◽  
Definition Of

I was recently invited to assemble a panel on applying design thinking to biotechnology for the conference, ‘A Better World by Design’, hosted by Brown University and the Rhode Island School of Design. This event was highly educational for me (and hopefully the other participants as well).Although many have been claiming that the business models used by biotechnology companies are flawed, and that the very structure of the biotechnology industry is likewise dysfunctional, there is a dearth of practical solutions. I am intrigued by the potential of applying design thinking to biotechnology, because it represents the introduction of a structured framework with a record of success in diverse areas. As a potential improvement to the often-narrow solutions directed by focused industry insiders, design-based solutions are often based on broad analysis and use a wide variety of interventions.Design thinking is a problem-solving protocol that emphasizes a deep definition of problems and open process to find and refine solutions. The basic elements of the design process are a thorough investigation of the problem (for example, the Toyota system of asking ‘why’ five times to find the roots of an observed problem) followed by the creation of many possible options. These options are then refined and potentially reiteratively reconsidered until potential solutions emerge. This process is an alternative to a simple focus on addressing observed bottlenecks (for example, funding gaps or clinical trial transitions).Design thinking has been used to improve the design of many consumer goods, and in scientific disciplines it has been applied to improve the ergonomics of research tools, and even the bottles containing cell culture media.1, 2 However, my primary interest is the application to non-engineering areas such as the methodologies of discovery-stage research (for example, can design thinking improve on the scientific method?), development-stage activities such as lead optimization and clinical trials, and commercial-stage activities such as reimbursement and regulatory compliance.This issue of the Journal of Commercial Biotechnology presents brief commentaries from two panelists at the design conference, Patrick Nef from the Malaria Medicines Venture and Art Boni from Carnegie Mellon University, who describe the use of design thinking in their own work. I have also begun soliciting papers from groups with extensive expertise in the application of design thinking to biotechnology, and look forward to sharing their perspectives in future issues.References REFERENCES AND NOTESLife Technologies Corporation. (2010) Invitrogen earns AmeriStar award for GIBCO cell culture bottle design, http://www.lifetechnologies.com/news-gallery/press-releases/2009/invitrogen-earns-ameristar-award-gibco-cell-culture-bottle-design.html, accessed October 2010.Life Technologies Corporation. (2010) The new GIBCO® bottle, http://www.invitrogen.com/site/us/en/home/Products-and-Services/Applications/Cell-Culture/CC-Misc/gibcoevolution.html, accessed October 2010.

Carbon Nanomaterials

2021 ◽  
pp. 784-809
Author(s):  
Ezgi Ismar ◽  
A.Sezai Sarac
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Carbon Nanofibers ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Carbon Nanomaterials ◽  
Surface Reactivity ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Carbon Based Nanomaterials ◽  
Carbon Based

Development of materials always plays a key role in the civilization of the societies. After the industrial revolution, material-based technologies received attention. Nanotechnology has a revolutionary part in the development of industries. Developing technologies cannot be considered without the usage of nanomaterials. Nano-sized materials have different properties than their bulk forms basically because of the increased surface area, surface reactivity, and energy according to decreased size. Carbon-based nanomaterials have a variety of possible application areas from biosensors to aviation. This compact review put a great deal of emphasis on the position of carbon nanomaterials: CNTs, graphene, and carbon nanofibers together with their main synthesis methods and their application areas. The reader can get a quick idea about the basics of CNTs, graphene, and carbon nanofibers and their fabrication techniques.

Green analytical solutions for sample preparation: solid phase microextraction and related techniques

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuela Gionfriddo
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Chemistry ◽  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Analytical Method ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Solid Phase Microextraction ◽  
Method Development ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Green Analytical Chemistry ◽  
Chemistry Community

AbstractFor at least three decades, the analytical chemistry community is striving to apply the principles of Green Chemistry to the development of analytical methods. Many efforts have been made to outline the concept of Green Analytical Chemistry, which helped to redefine analytical procedures and drastically changed the philosophy of analytical method development. This book chapter describes the 12 principles of Green Analytical Chemistry and various methodologies for the assessment of the greenness of analytical methods. The three main steps in the analytical method development – sample preparation, separation and detection- are described in a “green perspective”. Special emphasis is given to the description of green sample preparation procedures, in particular to Solid Phase Microextraction, that, since its introduction in 1989 by Janusz Pawliszyn, has drastically revolutionized the methodology of sample preparation, providing a convenient and green alternative to already existing methods.

scholarly journals Implementasi Elearning Efront Mendukung Sistem Perkuliahan Online Berbasis Web di Kampus STMIK Jakarta STI&K

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 605
Author(s):  
Munich Heindari Ekasari ◽  
Eko Tri Asmoro
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Online Learning ◽  
Method Development ◽  
System Development ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
User Needs ◽  
Academic Activities ◽  
E Learning ◽  
Evaluation Stage ◽  
Online Lecture

STMIK Jakarta STI&K is a computer campus in Indonesia. This campus has not optimally used online learning media. Electronic lecture is an online lecture medium, which allows students and lecturers to carry out lecture activities without having to meet physically. The current pandemic period requires academic activities to be carried out online. This electronic lecture media is widely available to be adopted to build an online lecture system in an institution. E-Learning Efront is an example of a system that can be used. Research on the inline lecture system can produce a system tailored to the needs applied at the STMIK Jakarta STI&K campus. The electronic lecture system using eFront can be changed according to user needs. To get good results from system development requires a good development stage according to the existing method. Development starts from planning until a good system implementation. One of the steps that can be done is to hold training and trials to measure the ability and understanding of system users. The evaluation stage is carried out by measuring and analyzing users interacting with the system. The e-learning implementation plan begins with the first preparation, then the resources are ready and the services and system infrastructure are available. Based on the results of the evaluation, decisions can be made regarding the application of e-learning at the STMIK Jakarta STI&K campus. The results of the implementation that have been carried out, it is found that the online lecture system is needed as an alternative in the use of information technology in the process of academic activities.

Emerging Digital Social Innovation in Youth Work Practice

2020 ◽  
pp. 62-81
Author(s):  
Haslinda Abdullah ◽  
Hamizah Sahharon
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Social Innovation ◽  
Work Practice ◽  
Innovative Technology ◽  
Youth Work ◽  
Youth Workers ◽  
Rapid Progress ◽  
Societal Challenges ◽  
Alternative Solutions

Recently, the field of social innovation (SI) is making rapid progress and this development is being supported by unprecedented opportunities for digital technology. However, digital social innovation (DSI) should be seen as part of a youth work practice where alternative solutions can be found to improve the living conditions of communities and young people. DSI encourages young people to explore how innovative technology can be used to address societal challenges. To date, no studies have been conducted to support youth workers in the areas of digitalization and SI. This book chapter, therefore, explores the relevance of DSI to youth work practices. This chapter gives an overview of the meaning of SI, DSI, and a renewed focus on DSI and related concepts in youth work practice. It concludes with a framework for DSI in the field of youth work and the implications of indicators.

scholarly journals Polyaniline Enhanced Supercapacitance of Cobalt Hydroxide Nanowires/Carbon Nanotube Containing Polymer Sponge Layered Composite

2018 ◽  
Vol 778 ◽  
pp. 175-180
Author(s):  
Syed Hashim Shah ◽  
Muhammad Imran Khan ◽  
Rida Sarfraz ◽  
Rozeen Nazir ◽  
Ashraf Ali
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Reference Electrode ◽  
Layered Composite ◽  
Cobalt Hydroxide ◽  
Flow Surface ◽  
Metal Oxide Nanostructures ◽  
Carbon Based Nanomaterials

Transition metal oxide nanostructures and conducting polymers like polyaniline have specific capacitance orders of magnitude higher than those of carbon based nanomaterials. In the present study nanoflowers of Cobalt Hydroxide, Polyaniline and Carbon Nanotubes were combined on a conventional Polymeric sponge to develop by using facile wet chemical techniques. High surface area of Cobalt Hydroxide nanoflowers when combined with Polyaniline showed enhanced capacitance values and stability. The carbon nanotubes enhanced the conductivity of the composite while the double porous structure of polyurethane sponge enhances the electrolyte flow, surface area, and reduces current density which leads to good reversibility and greater capacitance. Samples were characterized by cyclic voltammetry technique against Ag/AgCl reference electrode in three electrode setup.

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