Comparative proteomics of the superior and inferior spikelets at the early grain filling stage in rice cultivars contrast for panicle compactness and ethylene evolution

2016 ◽  
Vol 202 ◽  
pp. 65-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaushik Das ◽  
Binay B. Panda ◽  
Sudhanshu Sekhar ◽  
Ekamber Kariali ◽  
Pravat K. Mohapatra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Filling ◽  
Comparative Proteomics ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Ethylene Evolution ◽  
Filling Stage ◽  
Inferior Spikelets ◽  
Grain Filling Stage

scholarly journals PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES OF UPLAND RICE; WATER AND NITROGEN UPTAKES AND WATER USE EFFICIENCY UNDER WET AND PARTIAL DRYING SOIL CONDITIONS

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 405-417
Author(s):  
Mganga Joshua Fimbo Kitilu
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Nitrogen Uptake ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Filling Stage ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Grain Filling Stage

Rice is an important cereal and staple food crop in Tanzania, the rice production has not met the demand, mainly due to water shortage. Dissemination of New Rice for Africa (NERICA) has been in progress to improve production in upland rice ecosystem. A pot experiment was conducted in a split plot design at university farm to elucidate water uptake, water use efficiency and nitrogen uptakes for two NERICA cultivars (NERICA1 and 2) and two Japanese rice cultivars ( and ). Amount of transpired water was recorded every day until maturity. Nitrogen uptake at booting and maturity growth stage were compared between these cultivars. The results indicated that amount of water transpired was greater for NERICA cultivars in the period from booting to maturity, in particular, under the dry soil condition. All the cultivars showed similar slope of regression lines between amount of transpired water and dry matter production (Water use efficiency), Nitrogen concentration per unit weight was higher in NERICA rice than in Japanese rice during grain filling stage. These results indicate that NERICA’s rice cultivars have high productivity due to higher water and Nitrogen uptake during grain filling stage compared with the Japanese rice cultivars tested.

Mechanism of Developmental Stagnancy of Rice Inferior Spikelets at Early Grain-Filling Stage as Revealed by Proteomic Analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 1844-1863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhixing Zhang ◽  
Jun Tang ◽  
Tingwei Du ◽  
Hong Zhao ◽  
Zhong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Proteomic Analysis ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Filling Stage ◽  
Inferior Spikelets ◽  
Grain Filling Stage

scholarly journals Heat Stress Affects Seed Set and Grain Quality of Vietnamese Rice Cultivars during Heading and Grain Filling Period

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (03) ◽  
pp. 154-160
Author(s):  
Tran Loc Thuy ◽  
Tran Ngoc Thach ◽  
Tran Thi Thanh Xa ◽  
Chau Thanh Nha ◽  
Vo Thi Tra My ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Filling Stage ◽  
Temperature Environment ◽  
Grain Filling Stage ◽  
High Temperature Environment

Environmental stress trigger a variety of rice plant response, ranging from alters seed set, grain yield and grain quality during flowering and grain filling stage.  Efforts are required to improve our understanding of the impact of heat stress on rice production, which are essential strategies in rice cultivation. This article investigated the seed set, yield components and grain yield of Vietnamese rice cultivars (Indica germplasm) under high temperature environment during the flowering and grain filling stage. Six rice cultivars, including popular cultivars and new cultivars of Cuu Long Delta Rice Research Institute, and one popular extraneous cultivar with differences in maturing time, were grown in pots at high temperature (HT) and natural temperature condition as control (CT). All rice cultivars were subjected to the high temperature starting from the heading stage to the harvest maturity, applied by greenhouse effect. The greenhouse has about 25 cm window opening on 3 sides for air ventilation. The seed set rate of the heat-sensitive rice genotypes decreased significantly under HT, leading to a significant reduction in grain yield. The lowest seed set was recorded in “OM4900” (44.3%) and “OM18” (39.9%) under high temperature environment. The lower yield in all rice cultivars at an elevated temperature resulted in a dramatic decrease of filled grains and contributed to a loss of 1000-grain weight. ‘“OM892” is a potential rice cultivar for heat tolerant breeding program due to the seed set percentage was above 80% in both HT and CT conditions. High temperature during the grain filling stage resulted in a decreased amylose and increased chalkiness for all OM cultivars.

The relationship of grain filling with abscisic acid and ethylene under non-flooded mulching cultivation

2009 ◽  
Vol 147 (4) ◽  
pp. 423-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. C. ZHANG ◽  
Y. G. XUE ◽  
Z. Q. WANG ◽  
J. C. YANG ◽  
J. H. ZHANG
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
High Ratio ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Evolution Rate ◽  
Filling Rate ◽  
Ethylene Evolution ◽  
Filling Stage ◽  
Grain Filling Rate ◽  
Grain Filling Stage

SUMMARYGrain filling is an intensive transportation process regulated by plant hormones. The present study investigated whether and how the interaction between abscisic acid (ABA) and ethylene is involved in mediating the grain filling of rice (Oryza sativaL.) under non-flooded mulching cultivation. A field experiment repeated over 2 years was conducted with two high-yielding rice cultivars, Zhendao 88 (ajaponicacultivar) and Shanyou 63 (anindicahybrid cultivar), and four cultivation treatments were imposed from transplanting to maturity: traditional flooding as control (TF), non-flooded plastic film mulching (PM), non-flooded wheat straw mulching (SM) or non-flooded no mulching (NM). Compared with that under TF, grain yield was reduced by 21·0–23·1% under PM (P<0·05), 1·4–1·8% under SM (P>0·05) and 50·9–55·4% under NM (P<0·05). Both PM and NM significantly (P<0·05) reduced the proportion of filled grains and grain weight and were associated with decreased grain filling rates. In SM there was a significant increase in the grain filling rate. The concentration of ABA in the grains was very low at the early grain filling stage, reaching a maximum when the grain filling rate was the highest, and showed no significant differences (P>0·05) between TF, PM and SM. However, it was significantly higher in NM. In contrast to ABA, the ethylene evolution rate and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) concentration in the grains were very high at the start of grain filling and sharply decreased during the active grain filling period. Both PM and NM increased the ethylene evolution rate and ACC concentration, whereas these were reduced in SM. The ratio of ABA to ACC was increased under SM but decreased under PM and NM, indicating that ethylene was more enhanced than ABA when plants were grown under NM and PM. The concentration of ABA correlated with the grain filling rate as a hyperbolic curve, whereas the ethylene evolution rate correlated with the grain filling rate as an exponential decay equation. The ratio of ABA to ACC significantly correlated with the grain filling rate with a linear relationship. Application of amino-ethoxyvinylglycine (inhibitor of ethylene synthesis by inhibiting ACC synthase) or ABA to panicles under TF and PM at the early grain filling stage significantly increased activities of the key enzymes involved in sucrose to starch conversion in the grains, sucrose synthase, ADP glucose pyrophosphorylase and soluble starch synthase, grain filling rate and grain weight. Application of ethephon (ethylene-releasing agent) or fluridone (inhibitor of ABA synthesis) had the opposite effect. The results suggest that antagonistic interactions between ABA and ethylene may be involved in mediating the effect of non-flooded mulching cultivation on grain filling, and a high ratio of ABA to ethylene enhances grain filling rate.

scholarly journals Scheduling of nitrogen fertilizer topdressing during panicle differentiation to improve grain yield of rice with a long growth duration

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Liu ◽  
Xinguang Zhu ◽  
Xiaoe He ◽  
Chao Li ◽  
Tiangen Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Growth Duration ◽  
Filling Stage ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Grain Filling Stage ◽  
Leaf Extension

Abstract Topdressing at panicle differentiation (PF) according to soil fertility and regularity of rice nutrient absorption is an important agronomic practice used in cultivation of rice cultivars with a long growth duration. We studied the impacts of timing of nitrogen fertilizer application during PF on photosynthesis and yield-related agronomic traits in ‘Y-Liang-You 900’ and ‘Y-Liang-You 6’, which are representative rice cultivars with a long growth duration. Data for two years showed that timing of topdressing application during PF affected panicles per unit area, percentage grain set, spikelets per panicle, and leaf photosynthetic traits during the grain-filling period. Topdressing at the initial stage of flag-leaf extension resulted in higher grain yield (typically by 10.55–19.95%) than in plants without topdressing. Grain yield was significantly correlated with flag leaf photosynthetic rate and leaf SPAD value (r = 0.5640 and r = 0.5589, respectively; p < 0.01) at an advanced grain-filling stage (30 days after heading). Surprisingly, grain yield was not correlated with carbohydrate remobilization from the stem and sheath. For rice cultivars with a long growth duration, nitrogen-fertilizer topdressing must be applied at the initial stage of flag-leaf extension to delay leaf senescence during the grain-filling stage and realize the enhanced yield potential.

scholarly journals The Initiation of Inferior Grain Filling is Affected by Sugar Translocation Efficiency in Large Panicle Rice

Rice ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Chen ◽  
Yao Deng ◽  
Honglei Zhu ◽  
Yuxiang Hu ◽  
Zhengrong Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Filling ◽  
Sink Strength ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Filling Stage ◽  
Inferior Spikelets ◽  
Source To Sink ◽  
Grain Filling Rate ◽  
Sink Capacity ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Grain Filling Stage

Abstract Background Large panicle rice has a large sink capacity, but inferior spikelet filling is poor in this variety of rice due to asynchronous grain filling. The understanding of the factors that cause asynchronous grain filling will help to propose a model for how to regulate the rice inferior spikelets grain filling. Results In this study, two large panicle rice varieties, W1844 and CJ03, with the same sink capacity but with differences in asynchronous grain filling were used. The difference in the grain filling rate between superior and inferior spikelets in W1844 was much smaller than that in CJ03. We found that superior spikelet filling was initiated earlier in W1844 than in CJ03. The source-to-sink translocation rate of sucrose during the grain filling stage was more efficient in W1844 than in CJ03, and the gene expression levels of sucrose transporters (OsSUTs) were higher in W1844 functional leaves than in those of CJ03. In addition, carbon output, the transport ratio, and the contribution rate from the stem and sheath to the panicle were much higher at the early filling stage than at later filling stages in W1844. Conclusion Efficient sugar translocation can satisfy high sink strength, and also the strong sink activity can facilitate the sugar unloading in spikelets. All the above results indicate that an efficient sugar translocation rate at the early grain filling stage can improve sink strength and inferior grain filling initiation. Strategies to limit asynchronous grain filling in rice were also discussed based on our findings.

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