scholarly journals Assessment of functional somatic disorders in epidemiological research: Self-report questionnaires versus diagnostic interviews

2021 ◽  
Vol 146 ◽  
pp. 110491
Author(s):  
Marie Weinreich Petersen ◽  
Eva Ørnbøl ◽  
Thomas Meinertz Dantoft ◽  
Per Fink
Keyword(s):  
Self Report ◽  
Epidemiological Research ◽  
Diagnostic Interviews ◽  
Somatic Disorders

Assessing OCD Symptoms and Severity

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole M. Dorfan ◽  
Sheila R. Woody
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Behavioral Assessment ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Evidence Based Treatment ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Symptom Profile ◽  
Diagnostic Interviews

This chapter describes methods and tools for assessing obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). The chapter outlines the purposes of assessment and discusses special challenges presented by OCD, such as shame associated with socially unacceptable obsessional content. Several types of assessment tools are discussed, including structured diagnostic interviews, semistructured clinician interviews to assess OCD symptom profile and severity, self-report instruments, behavioral assessment and self-monitoring, assessment of appraisals and beliefs relevant to OCD, and functional impairment. The importance of linking assessment findings to an evidence-based treatment plan is discussed.

Investigating Resilience to Depression in Adults With ADHD

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 497-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren E. Oddo ◽  
Laura E. Knouse ◽  
Craig B. H. Surman ◽  
Steven A. Safren
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Diagnostic Interviews ◽  
Adhd Treatment ◽  
Symptom Rating

Objective: ADHD is associated with elevated rates of comorbid depressive disorders, yet the nature and development of this comorbidity remain understudied. We hypothesized that a longer period of prior ADHD treatment, being less likely to engage in maladaptive cognitive/behavioral coping strategies, and less severe ADHD symptoms would predict greater likelihood of lifetime resilience to depression. Method: Seventy-seven adults with ADHD completed diagnostic interviews, clinician-administered symptom rating scales, a stressful life events measure, and self-report questionnaires. We used logistic regression analyses to identify factors associated with resilience to depression. Results: Adults with more extensive ADHD treatment histories were more likely to be resilient to depression. Those who were less likely to report ruminative thinking patterns and cognitive-behavioral avoidance were also more resilient. Severity of current or childhood ADHD symptoms and recent negative life events did not predict resilience. Conclusion: Results identify protective factors that may promote the resiliency to ADHD-depression comorbidity.

scholarly journals Prevalence of depression in cancer patients: a meta‐analysis of diagnostic interviews and self‐report instruments

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. H. Krebber ◽  
L. M. Buffart ◽  
G. Kleijn ◽  
I. C. Riepma ◽  
R. Bree ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Diagnostic Interviews ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression

scholarly journals Self-Report Measures of Anhedonia and Approach Motivation Weakly Correspond to Anhedonia and Depression Assessed via Clinical Interviews

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Silvia ◽  
Kari Eddington ◽  
Kathleen H. Maloney ◽  
Thomas Richard Kwapil ◽  
Kelly Harper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Activation ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Approach Motivation ◽  
Clinical Interviews ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Diagnostic Interviews ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Physical Anhedonia ◽  
Consummatory Pleasure

Self-report scales are popular tools for measuring anhedonic experiences and motivational deficits, but how well do they reflect clinically significant anhedonia? Seventy-eight adults participated in face-to-face structured diagnostic interviews: 22 showed clinically significant anhedonia, and 18 met criteria for depression. Analyses of effect sizes comparing the anhedonia and depression groups to their respective controls found large effects, as expected, for measures of depressive symptoms, but surprisingly weak effect sizes (all less than d=.50) for measures of general, social, or physical anhedonia, behavioral activation, and anticipatory and consummatory pleasure. Measures of Neuroticism and Extraversion distinguished the anhedonic and depressed groups from the controls at least as well as measures of anhedonia and motivation. Taken together, the findings suggest that caution is necessary when extending self-report findings to populations with clinically significant symptoms.

Assessment Instruments for Impulsivity and Impulse Control Disorders

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexis K. Matusiewicz ◽  
Brady Reynolds ◽  
Carl W. Lejuez
Keyword(s):  
Impulse Control ◽  
Impulse Control Disorders ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Assessment Instruments ◽  
Behavioral Measures ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic Interviews ◽  
Dsm V ◽  
Psychometric Data

This chapter provides a review of measures used to assess the impulse control disorders (ICDs) included in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed., DSM-IV) and those proposed for DSM-V, as well as measures used to assess the related psychological construct of impulsivity implicated in the development and maintenance of ICDs. We first present instruments used to assess ICDs including diagnostic interviews, as well as self-report and clinician-rated measures of symptom severity. Second, we present self-report and behavioral measures of impulsivity. The review includes theoretical rationales, procedural details, and empirical evidence, including detailed psychometric data for each measure to provide a comprehensive guide to the assessment of ICDs and the construct of impulsivity.

scholarly journals A Comparison of Self-report and Clinical Diagnostic Interviews for Depression

2000 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 217 ◽  
Author(s):  
William W. Eaton ◽  
Karen Neufeld ◽  
Li-Shiun Chen ◽  
Guojun Cai
Keyword(s):  
Self Report ◽  
Clinical Diagnostic ◽  
Diagnostic Interviews

scholarly journals Posttraumatic Stress and Psychological Growth in Children With Cancer: Has the Traumatic Impact of Cancer Been Overestimated?

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (7) ◽  
pp. 641-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean Phipps ◽  
James L. Klosky ◽  
Alanna Long ◽  
Melissa M. Hudson ◽  
Qinlei Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Parent Report ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Children With Cancer ◽  
Cancer Group ◽  
Diagnostic Interviews ◽  
The Face ◽  
History Of

Purpose To examine posttraumatic stress disorder and posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSD/PTSS) in children with cancer using methods that minimize focusing effects and allow for direct comparison to peers without a history of cancer. Patients and Methods Children with cancer (n = 255) stratified by time since diagnosis, and demographically matched peers (n = 101) were assessed for PTSD using structured diagnostic interviews by both child and parent reports, and survey measures of PTSS and psychological benefit/growth by child report. Results Cancer was identified as a traumatic event by 52.6% of children with cancer, declining to 23.8% in those ≥ 5 years from diagnosis. By diagnostic interview, 0.4% of children with cancer met criteria for current PTSD, and 2.8% met lifetime criteria by self-report. By parent report, 1.6% of children with cancer met current criteria and 5.9% met lifetime criteria for PTSD. These rates did not differ from controls (all Ps >.1). PTSS levels were descriptively lower in children with cancer but did not differ from controls when all were referring to their most traumatic event (P = .067). However, when referring specifically to cancer-related events, PTSS in the cancer group were significantly lower than in controls (P = .002). In contrast, perceived growth was significantly higher in the cancer group when referring to cancer (P < .001). Conclusion These findings suggest no evidence of increased PTSD or PTSS in youths with cancer. Although childhood cancer remains a significant and challenging event, these findings highlight the capacity of children to adjust, and even thrive, in the face of such challenge.

scholarly journals The Global Prevalence of Conduct Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad-Reza Mohammadi ◽  
Maryam Salmanian ◽  
Zahra Keshavarzi
Keyword(s):  
Conduct Disorder ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Subgroup Analysis ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Global Prevalence ◽  
Pooled Prevalence ◽  
Diagnostic Interviews

Objective: There has been little effort to conduct systematic reviews or meta-analyses of the available literature to find global prevalence rates of conduct disorder and analyze the sources of heterogeneity. Method: We searched multiple databases, including Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar to identify cross-sectional studies with random or nonrandom sampling to assess the global prevalence of conduct disorder in children and adolescents aged under 18 in the general or school-based populations. Quality assessment and data extraction were independently carried out by two authors. Subgroup analysis was used to find the potential sources of heterogeneity. Results: We reached 50 studies, incorporating 186,056 children and adolescents from 35 countries. The total prevalence of conduct disorder was 8% (CI: 7-9%; I2: 99.77%), including 7% in females (CI: 4-9%; I2: 99.56%) and 11% in males (CI: 7-15%; I2: 99.74%). The results of subgroup analysis showed that total heterogeneity could be explained by measurement tools. When diagnostic interviews such as the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children—Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL) and Development and Well-Being Assessment (DAWBA) were employed, the pooled prevalence rates for conduct disorder were 0.4% and 0.7%, respectively, and heterogeneity decreased. However, the use of the screening tools such as the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ)-parent or teacher report and SDQ-self report increased the pooled prevalence of conduct disorder to 10% and 16% respectively. Conclusion: The prevalence of conduct disorder in the epidemiological studies should be estimated by employing the diagnostic interviews to reach accurately assessments.

scholarly journals B-33 Cognitive Mechanisms Associated with Emotion-Focused Pulling in Trichotillomania

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 979-979
Author(s):  
E Carlson ◽  
D Haaga
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Neuropsychological Test ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Gambling Task ◽  
Cognitive Mechanisms ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Diagnostic Interviews ◽  
Report Symptom ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Objective A revised version of the Milwaukee Inventory for Subtypes of Trichotillomania-Adult (MIST-A) provides scores for two distinct behavioral patterns of hair pulling in trichotillomania: emotion and intention pulling. The current study explored the relationship between these scales and several cognitive domains. Method This study used baseline data from a randomized controlled trial of a cognitive-behavior therapy intervention for trichotillomania. Participants from the general community were eligible if they met diagnostic criteria for trichotillomania. Thirty-two individuals were enrolled and completed baseline measures. The sample was 78% female, and the mean age was 34. At baseline, participants completed diagnostic interviews, self-report symptom questionnaires, and tasks from the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (the stop-signal test, the intra/extra dimensional shift task, and the Cambridge gambling task ). These provided scores of intra and extra dimensional set-shifting, response inhibition, decision making quality, and sensitivity to risk. Correlational analyses were conducted comparing each cognitive score to each MIST-A score. Results Analyses revealed significant negative correlations between emotion pulling score and decision making quality r (30) = -.383, = .031 and emotion pulling score and sensitivity to risk r (30) = -.396, p = .025. Conclusion These findings provide initial insight into some of the cognitive mechanisms associated with emotion focused pulling. Individuals who pull their hair with the aim of reducing negative emotions (e.g. boredom, anxiety) showed themselves on the gambling task to be more willing to bet on an unlikely outcome, and less willing to adjust their betting amount according to the likelihood of an outcome.

scholarly journals Evidence-Based Assessment of Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. JCNSD.S38359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy M. Rapp ◽  
R. Lindsay Bergman ◽  
John Piacentini ◽  
Joseph F. Mcguire
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Diagnostic Interviews ◽  
Significant Impairment ◽  
Monitoring Treatment

Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is a neuropsychiatric illness that often develops in childhood, affects 1%–2% of the population, and causes significant impairment across the lifespan. The first step in identifying and treating OCD is a thorough evidence-based assessment. This paper reviews the administration pragmatics, psychometric properties, and limitations of commonly used assessment measures for adults and youths with OCD. This includes diagnostic interviews, clinician-administered symptom severity scales, self-report measures, and parent/child measures. Additionally, adjunctive measures that assess important related factors (ie, impairment, family accommodation, and insight) are also discussed. This paper concludes with recommendations for an evidence-based assessment based on individualized assessment goals that include generating an OCD diagnosis, determining symptom severity, and monitoring treatment progress.

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