The impact of accelerometer wear location on the relationship between step counts and arterial stiffness in adults treated for hypertension and diabetes

The current investigation assessed the impact of active school transportation (AST) on average daily step counts, body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference in 315 children in Grades 4–6 who participated to Cycle 2 of the Canadian Assessment of Physical Literacy (CAPL) pilot testing. T-tests revealed a significant association between AST and lower BMI values (18.7 ± 3.3 vs. 19.9 ± 3.8 kg/m2). The active commuters accumulated an average of 662 more steps per day, and their waist circumference was lower by an average of 3.1 cm, but these differences were not statistically significant. ANCOVA analyses controlling for age and step counts, found trends toward lower BMI and waist circumference values among the active commuters. These results suggest that AST may be a valid strategy to prevent childhood obesity; further research is needed to determine more precisely the impact of AST on body composition, and the direction of the relationship.

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Abstract P333: The Impact of Sodium on Blood Pressure and Arterial Stiffness is Moderated by Indices of Obesity in People of African Ancestry.

Hypertension ◽

10.1161/hyp.68.suppl_1.p333 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 68 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Maseko Muzi

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Arterial Stiffness ◽

Sodium Intake ◽

African Ancestry ◽

Applanation Tonometry ◽

Dietary Sodium ◽

High Incidence ◽

The Impact ◽

The Relationship

Background: Obesity is on the rise worldwide and like Na + it is associated with blood pressure (BP) and target organ changes. Our study population has a high incidence of obesity (67%) and a dietary sodium intake that is slightly above the recommended threshold. Previous studies conducted in this population have shown no relationship between Na + and both BP and arterial stiffness. With the high incidence of obesity in this population, it is possible that the indices of obesity blunt this relationship. Therefore in this study we investigate whether the relationship between Na + and both BP and PWV is moderated by the indices of obesity. Methods: We recruited 1219 South Africans of African ancestry and measure 24-h ambulatory on 796 participants and 597 had complete 24-hour urine collection. Anthropometric measurements were taken and a standard questionnaire was issued to determine lifestyle habits and history of medication. To assess arterial stiffness we used applanation tonometry to measure pulse wave velocity (PWV). Results: After correcting for covariates, there was an association between Na + and PB in participants with normal BMI but not in obese participants. Similarly there was a relationship between Na + and PWV (p=0.0447) in individuals with normal BMI only. When waist circumference was used as an index of obesity, gender disparities were observed in the relationship between Na + and PWV. There was no relationship between Na + and PWV irrespective the waist circumference in males but a multivariate regression analyses showed a relationship between Na + and PWV in all women (p=0.0142) and in women with a normal waist circumference (p=0.0006). Conclusion: In a population with a high incidence of obesity, the relationship between Na + and both BP and PWV is modified by the indices of obesity.

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Accent Policy and Accent Modification Enterprises as Potential Indicators of Intercultural Power Relations: A Call for an Updated Research Agenda

Perspectives on Global Issues in Communication Sciences and Related Disorders ◽

10.1044/gics3.1.22 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 22-33 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Brynne D. Ovalle ◽

Rahul Chakraborty

Keyword(s):

International Relations ◽

Identity Construction ◽

Social Theory ◽

Power Relations ◽

Linguistic Diversity ◽

Cultural Organization ◽

Using Data ◽

The Individual ◽

The Impact ◽

The Relationship

This article has two purposes: (a) to examine the relationship between intercultural power relations and the widespread practice of accent discrimination and (b) to underscore the ramifications of accent discrimination both for the individual and for global society as a whole. First, authors review social theory regarding language and group identity construction, and then go on to integrate more current studies linking accent bias to sociocultural variables. Authors discuss three examples of intercultural accent discrimination in order to illustrate how this link manifests itself in the broader context of international relations (i.e., how accent discrimination is generated in situations of unequal power) and, using a review of current research, assess the consequences of accent discrimination for the individual. Finally, the article highlights the impact that linguistic discrimination is having on linguistic diversity globally, partially using data from the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and partially by offering a potential context for interpreting the emergence of practices that seek to reduce or modify speaker accents.

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Business: Making Cents of Coding Systems: Billing for Professional Services

Perspectives on Administration and Supervision ◽

10.1044/aas20.1.3 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 3-8

Author(s):

Dee Adams Nikjeh

Keyword(s):

Professional Services ◽

Speech Language Pathology ◽

Coding Systems ◽

Language Pathology ◽

Program Funding ◽

Fee Schedule ◽

Procedure Codes ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Impact ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Administrators and supervisors face daily challenges over issues such as program funding, service fees, correct coding procedures, and the ever-changing healthcare regulations. Receiving equitable reimbursement for speech-language pathology and audiology services necessitates an understanding of federal coding and reimbursement systems. This tutorial provides information pertaining to two major healthcare coding systems and explains the relationship of these systems to clinical documentation, the Medicare Physician Fee Schedule and equitable reimbursement. An explanation of coding edits and coding modifiers is provided for use in those occasional atypical situations when the standard use of procedural coding may not be appropriate. Also included in this tutorial is a brief discussion of the impact that the Medicare Improvements for Patients and Providers Act of 2008 (HR 6331 Medicare Improvements for Patients and Providers Act [MIPPA], 2008) has had on the valuation of speech-language pathology procedure codes.

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The Need to Belong and the Relationship Between Loneliness and Health

Zeitschrift für Gesundheitspsychologie ◽

10.1026/0943-8149/a000129 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 22 (4) ◽

pp. 194-201 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Freda-Marie Hartung ◽

Britta Renner

Keyword(s):

Individual Differences ◽

Social Isolation ◽

Social Situation ◽

First Year ◽

Health State ◽

Need To Belong ◽

First Year University ◽

Perceived Social Isolation ◽

The Impact ◽

The Relationship

Humans are social animals; consequently, a lack of social ties affects individuals’ health negatively. However, the desire to belong differs between individuals, raising the question of whether individual differences in the need to belong moderate the impact of perceived social isolation on health. In the present study, 77 first-year university students rated their loneliness and health every 6 weeks for 18 weeks. Individual differences in the need to belong were found to moderate the relationship between loneliness and current health state. Specifically, lonely students with a high need to belong reported more days of illness than those with a low need to belong. In contrast, the strength of the need to belong had no effect on students who did not feel lonely. Thus, people who have a strong need to belong appear to suffer from loneliness and become ill more often, whereas people with a weak need to belong appear to stand loneliness better and are comparatively healthy. The study implies that social isolation does not impact all individuals identically; instead, the fit between the social situation and an individual’s need appears to be crucial for an individual’s functioning.

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Investigating the Relationship Between Self-Esteem and Stigma Among Young Adults With History of Suicide Attempts

Crisis ◽

10.1027/0227-5910/a000399 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 37 (4) ◽

pp. 265-270 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Meshan Lehmann ◽

Matthew R. Hilimire ◽

Lawrence H. Yang ◽

Bruce G. Link ◽

Jordan E. DeVylder

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Suicide Attempts ◽

Self Esteem ◽

High Risk Population ◽

High Functioning ◽

People With Mental Illness ◽

History Of ◽

The Individual ◽

The Impact ◽

The Relationship

Abstract. Background: Self-esteem is a major contributor to risk for repeated suicide attempts. Prior research has shown that awareness of stigma is associated with reduced self-esteem among people with mental illness. No prior studies have examined the association between self-esteem and stereotype awareness among individuals with past suicide attempts. Aims: To understand the relationship between stereotype awareness and self-esteem among young adults who have and have not attempted suicide. Method: Computerized surveys were administered to college students (N = 637). Linear regression analyses were used to test associations between self-esteem and stereotype awareness, attempt history, and their interaction. Results: There was a significant stereotype awareness by attempt interaction (β = –.74, p = .006) in the regression analysis. The interaction was explained by a stronger negative association between stereotype awareness and self-esteem among individuals with past suicide attempts (β = –.50, p = .013) compared with those without attempts (β = –.09, p = .037). Conclusion: Stigma is associated with lower self-esteem within this high-functioning sample of young adults with histories of suicide attempts. Alleviating the impact of stigma at the individual (clinical) or community (public health) levels may improve self-esteem among this high-risk population, which could potentially influence subsequent suicide risk.

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Assessing the Impact of Suicide Exclusion Periods on Life Insurance

Crisis ◽

10.1027/0027-5910/a000023 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 31 (4) ◽

pp. 217-223 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Paul Yip ◽

David Pitt ◽

Yan Wang ◽

Xueyuan Wu ◽

Ray Watson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Life Insurance ◽

Accidental Death ◽

Insurance Policy ◽

Death Rates ◽

Insurance Policies ◽

Suicidal Death ◽

Insured Individual ◽

The Impact ◽

Insurance Data ◽

The Relationship

Background: We study the impact of suicide-exclusion periods, common in life insurance policies in Australia, on suicide and accidental death rates for life-insured individuals. If a life-insured individual dies by suicide during the period of suicide exclusion, commonly 13 months, the sum insured is not paid. Aims: We examine whether a suicide-exclusion period affects the timing of suicides. We also analyze whether accidental deaths are more prevalent during the suicide-exclusion period as life-insured individuals disguise their death by suicide. We assess the relationship between the insured sum and suicidal death rates. Methods: Crude and age-standardized rates of suicide, accidental death, and overall death, split by duration since the insured first bought their insurance policy, were computed. Results: There were significantly fewer suicides and no significant spike in the number of accidental deaths in the exclusion period for Australian life insurance data. More suicides, however, were detected for the first 2 years after the exclusion period. Higher insured sums are associated with higher rates of suicide. Conclusions: Adverse selection in Australian life insurance is exacerbated by including a suicide-exclusion period. Extension of the suicide-exclusion period to 3 years may prevent some “insurance-induced” suicides – a rationale for this conclusion is given.

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