Relationship Between Active School Transport and Body Mass Index in Grades-4-to-6 Children

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 322-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Larouche ◽  
Meghann Lloyd ◽  
Emily Knight ◽  
Mark S. Tremblay
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Current Investigation ◽  
Daily Step ◽  
Step Counts ◽  
Steps Per Day ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The current investigation assessed the impact of active school transportation (AST) on average daily step counts, body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference in 315 children in Grades 4–6 who participated to Cycle 2 of the Canadian Assessment of Physical Literacy (CAPL) pilot testing. T-tests revealed a significant association between AST and lower BMI values (18.7 ± 3.3 vs. 19.9 ± 3.8 kg/m2). The active commuters accumulated an average of 662 more steps per day, and their waist circumference was lower by an average of 3.1 cm, but these differences were not statistically significant. ANCOVA analyses controlling for age and step counts, found trends toward lower BMI and waist circumference values among the active commuters. These results suggest that AST may be a valid strategy to prevent childhood obesity; further research is needed to determine more precisely the impact of AST on body composition, and the direction of the relationship.

Adiposity and Slow Stepping Rate Are Related to Under-Estimating Steps per Day in African American Women

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Brian Tyo ◽  
Rebecca Spataro-Kearns ◽  
David R. Bassett
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
African American ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
African American Women ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Slow Rate ◽  
Daily Step ◽  
American Women ◽  
Steps Per Day ◽  
Linear Regressions

Purpose: The purpose of this study was twofold: (1) to determine if the Digi-Walker SW-200 (SW-200), New Lifestyles NL-2000 (NL-2000), and Omron HJ-303 (HJ-303) yield similar daily step counts compared to the StepWatch-3; and (2) to determine if pedometer error is influenced by adiposity and/or stepping rate in African American women. Methods: 60 participants (28.0 ± 9.8 y) wore the devices for three weekdays. ANOVAs were performed to determine if body mass index (BMI) and device were related to steps per day, and to determine if BMI and device were related to error. Stepwise linear regressions were performed to determine which variables contributed to pedometer error. Results: StepWatch-3 counted significantly more steps than all other devices within each BMI category (p < .01). The NL-2000 had significantly less error in the normal (−13.4%) and overweight (−14.9%) groups compared to the SW-200 (−26.2% and −33.3%) and HJ-303 (−32.5% ad −31.5%) (p < .05). The SW-200 had significantly more error in the obese group (−50.7%) compared to the NL-2000 (−17.1%) and HJ-303 (−26.0%) (p < .05). NL-2000 error was not related to any variables while the SW-200 error was related to waist circumference (WC) and the HJ-303 error was related to percentage of slow steps. Conclusion: In African American women adiposity is more strongly related to more pedometer error in a device using a spring-levered mechanism (SW-200). Accumulating steps at a slow rate is related to more pedometer error when using a device with a step filter (HJ-303).

scholarly journals Body Mass Index Moderates Brain Dynamics and Executive Function: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren Kupis ◽  
Zachary T. Goodman ◽  
Salome Kornfeld ◽  
Celia Romero ◽  
Bryce Dirks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Model Fit ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Brain Dynamics ◽  
Latent Factors ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Obesity is associated with negative physical and mental health outcomes. Being overweight/obese is also associated with executive functioning impairments and structural changes in the brain. However, the impact of body mass index (BMI) on the relationship between brain dynamics and executive function (EF) is unknown. The goal of the study was to assess the modulatory effects of BMI on brain dynamics and EF. A large sample of publicly available neuroimaging and neuropsychological assessment data collected from 253 adults (18–45 years; mean BMI 26.95 kg/m2 ± 5.90 SD) from the Nathan Kline Institute (NKI) were included (http://fcon_1000.projects.nitrc.org/indi/enhanced/). Participants underwent resting-state functional MRI and completed the Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System (D-KEFS) test battery (1). Time series were extracted from 400 brain nodes and used in a co-activation pattern (CAP) analysis. Dynamic CAP metrics including dwell time (DT), frequency of occurrence, and transitions were computed. Multiple measurement models were compared based on model fit with indicators from the D-KEFS assigned a priori (shifting, inhibition, and fluency). Multiple structural equation models were computed with interactions between BMI and the dynamic CAP metrics predicting the three latent factors of shifting, inhibition, and fluency while controlling for age, sex, and head motion. Models were assessed for the main effects of BMI and CAP metrics predicting the latent factors. A three-factor model (shifting, inhibition, and fluency) resulted in the best model fit. Significant interactions were present between BMI and CAP 2 (lateral frontoparietal (L-FPN), medial frontoparietal (M-FPN), and limbic nodes) and CAP 5 (dorsal frontoparietal (D-FPN), midcingulo-insular (M-CIN), somatosensory motor, and visual network nodes) DTs associated with shifting. A higher BMI was associated with a positive relationship between CAP DTs and shifting. Conversely, in average and low BMI participants, a negative relationship was seen between CAP DTs and shifting. Our findings indicate that BMI moderates the relationship between brain dynamics of networks important for cognitive control and shifting, an index of cognitive flexibility. Furthermore, higher BMI is linked with altered brain dynamic patterns associated with shifting.

scholarly journals A Bayesian Sensitivity Analysis to Partition Body Mass Index Into Components of Body Composition: An Application to Head and Neck Cancer Survival

2019 ◽  
Vol 188 (11) ◽  
pp. 2031-2039
Author(s):  
Patrick T Bradshaw ◽  
Jose P Zevallos ◽  
Kathy Wisniewski ◽  
Andrew F Olshan
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Head And Neck Cancer ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Neck Cancer ◽  
Hazard Ratio ◽  
Unit Increase ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Previous studies have suggested a “J-shaped” relationship between body mass index (BMI, calculated as weight (kg)/height (m)2) and survival among head and neck cancer (HNC) patients. However, BMI is a vague measure of body composition. To provide greater resolution, we used Bayesian sensitivity analysis, informed by external data, to model the relationship between predicted fat mass index (FMI, adipose tissue (kg)/height (m)2), lean mass index (LMI, lean tissue (kg)/height (m)2), and survival. We estimated posterior median hazard ratios and 95% credible intervals for the BMI-mortality relationship in a Bayesian framework using data from 1,180 adults in North Carolina with HNC diagnosed between 2002 and 2006. Risk factors were assessed by interview shortly after diagnosis and vital status through 2013 via the National Death Index. The relationship between BMI and all-cause mortality was convex, with a nadir at 28.6, with greater risk observed throughout the normal weight range. The sensitivity analysis indicated that this was consistent with opposing increases in risk with FMI (per unit increase, hazard ratio = 1.04 (1.00, 1.08)) and decreases with LMI (per unit increase, hazard ratio = 0.90 (0.85, 0.95)). Patterns were similar for HNC-specific mortality but associations were stronger. Measures of body composition, rather than BMI, should be considered in relation to mortality risk.

Impact of Adulthood Stage and Social-Environmental Context on Body Mass Index and Physical Activity of Individuals With Intellectual Disability

2015 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly Hsieh ◽  
Tamar Heller ◽  
Julie Bershadsky ◽  
Sarah Taub
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Community Participation ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Environmental Context ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Social Environmental ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Individuals with intellectual disability (ID) are at risk for obesity and physical inactivity. We analyzed a subset of 2009–2010 National Core Indicators (NCI) database to examine (1) the impact of three adulthood stages– younger (20–39 years), middle (40–59 years), and older (60 years and older) on Body Mass Index (BMI) and physical activity (PA); and (2) the relationship between social-environmental context (i.e., residence type, everyday choices, and community participation) and BMI and PA, with adjustment for individual characteristics of the adults with ID. Findings highlight the need to pay more attention to obesity by providing health education and emphasizing healthy choices. Results also suggest the importance of community participation as a way of promoting more physical activity.

The impact of smoking and pre-existing illness on the relationship between body-mass index and mortality

2000 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 1259-1277 ◽  
Author(s):  
June Stevens ◽  
Juhaeri ◽  
Jianwen Cai ◽  
Michael Thun
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship
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