scholarly journals Hip adductor spatial activation patterns after multidirectional running of athletic men with and without hip/groin pain history: a pilot study

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. S49
Author(s):  
L. Cochrane ◽  
A. Schultz ◽  
M.N. Bourne ◽  
T. Pizzan ◽  
S. Edwards ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Groin Pain ◽  
Activation Patterns ◽  
Pain History

scholarly journals Effects of age and knee osteoarthritis on the modular control of walking: A pilot study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0261862
Author(s):  
Sarah A. Roelker ◽  
Rebekah R. Koehn ◽  
Elena J. Caruthers ◽  
Laura C. Schmitt ◽  
Ajit M. W. Chaudhari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Knee Osteoarthritis ◽  
Walking Speed ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Activation Patterns ◽  
Modular Control ◽  
Walking Performance ◽  
End Stage ◽  
Insight Into

Background Older adults and individuals with knee osteoarthritis (KOA) often exhibit reduced locomotor function and altered muscle activity. Identifying age- and KOA-related changes to the modular control of gait may provide insight into the neurological mechanisms underlying reduced walking performance in these populations. The purpose of this pilot study was to determine if the modular control of walking differs between younger and older adults without KOA and adults with end-stage KOA. Methods Kinematic, kinetic, and electromyography data were collected from ten younger (23.5 ± 3.1 years) and ten older (63.5 ± 3.4 years) adults without KOA and ten adults with KOA (64.0 ± 4.0 years) walking at their self-selected speed. Separate non-negative matrix factorizations of 500 bootstrapped samples determined the number of modules required to reconstruct each participant’s electromyography. One-way Analysis of Variance tests assessed the effect of group on walking speed and the number of modules. Kendall rank correlations (τb) assessed the association between the number of modules and self-selected walking speed. Results The number of modules required in the younger adults (3.2 ± 0.4) was greater than in the individuals with KOA (2.3 ± 0.7; p = 0.002), though neither cohorts’ required number of modules differed significantly from the unimpaired older adults (2.7 ± 0.5; p ≥ 0.113). A significant association between module number and walking speed was observed (τb = 0.350, p = 0.021) and individuals with KOA walked significantly slower (0.095 ± 0.21 m/s) than younger adults (1.24 ± 0.15 m/s; p = 0.005). Individuals with KOA also exhibited altered module activation patterns and composition (which muscles are associated with each module) compared to unimpaired adults. Conclusion These findings suggest aging alone may not significantly alter modular control; however, the combined effects of knee osteoarthritis and aging may together impair the modular control of gait.

Visual activation patterns in patients with optic neuritis: An f MRI pilot study

Neurology ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 1896-1899 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A.R.B. Rombouts ◽  
R.H.C. Lazeron ◽  
Ph. Scheltens ◽  
B. M.J. Uitdehaag ◽  
M. Sprenger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Optic Neuritis ◽  
Activation Patterns

scholarly journals Changes in neuronal activation patterns in response to androgen deprivation therapy: a pilot study

BMC Cancer ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Monique M Cherrier ◽  
Paul R Borghesani ◽  
Amy L Shelton ◽  
Celestia S Higano
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Androgen Deprivation Therapy ◽  
Androgen Deprivation ◽  
Neuronal Activation ◽  
Activation Patterns

scholarly journals Pilot Study of the Relationship between Deck Level and Journey Duration on Plasma Cortisol, Epinephrine and Norepinephrine Levels in Italian Heavy Pigs

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1578
Author(s):  
Giancarlo Bozzo ◽  
Barbara Padalino ◽  
Elisabetta Bonerba ◽  
Roberta Barrasso ◽  
Vincenzo Tufarelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Stress Hormones ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Activation Patterns ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Cortisol Levels ◽  
Council Regulation ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the relationship between journey duration, deck level and activation patterns of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis (HPA) and sympathetic adrenal medullary system (SAM) in pigs. A total of 90 pigs were examined. The animals came from three different Italian farms associated with the same slaughterhouse located in Bari (Apulia region-Italy). A group of thirty animals was transported from Pordenone (11 h journey); a second group was transported from Terni (6.5 h journey); a third group was transported from Benevento (3 h journey). The animals were transported in the same vehicle, which complied with the structural characteristics indicated in the Council Regulation (EC) No. 1/2005. The truck was composed of a lorry and a trailer, each one divided into three decks. Only the animals transported in the trailer were tested for the study. Before transportation, blood samples were collected on each farm, at 6:00 a.m., from 30 pigs randomly selected out of 135 pigs ready to be transported. Blood samples were also collected during slaughter to evaluate plasma cortisol, epinephrine and norepinephrine, around 6:00 a.m. A journey duration of 11 h was associated with significantly higher plasma concentrations of stress hormones compared with shorter journeys. This increase was proportional to the journey duration, with the pigs travelling for 6.5 h displaying intermediate concentrations between those noticed after 3 h and 11 h journeys. The interaction between deck and journey distance was not significant on epinephrine, norepinephrine or cortisol levels collected at arrival. There was a significant effect of deck level on norepinephrine levels (p < 0.0001), a tendency to influence epinephrine levels (p = 0.073) but no effect on cortisol levels (p = 0.945). Overall, we observed that an 11 h-long journey seemed to impact negatively on pigs’ HPA-SAM activity, likely requiring the animals to spend more time in the lairage facilities to recover.

Differences in Chemo-signaling Compound-Evoked Brain Activity in Male and Female Young Adults: A Pilot Study in the Role of Sexual Dimorphism in Olfactory Chemo-Signaling

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taylor D. Ottesen ◽  
Kevin C. Davis ◽  
Landon K. Hobbs ◽  
Nathan M. Muncy ◽  
Nicholas M. Stevens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Neural Development ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Multivariate Model ◽  
Neural Activation ◽  
Whole Brain ◽  
Activation Patterns

AbstractIntroductionPrevious studies have shown that putative pheromones 4,16-androstadien-3-one (AND) and estra-1,3,5(10),16-tetraen-3-ol (EST) cause activation in the preoptic area/anterior hypothalamus in men and women. Sex differences in neural activation patterns have been demonstrated when participants are subject to pheromone stimulation; however, whether other compounds give rise to similar neural activity has not been completely investigated.MethodsTwenty-nine young adults [16 female (21.3+/−0.54; mean yrs+/−SE), 13 male (22.85+/−0.42)] participated in a 3-block design, where participants were exposed to a scent (lavender), a synthetic male pheromone (4,16-androstadien-3b-ol; ALD), and a synthetic female pheromone (1,3,5(10),16-Estratetraen-3-ol; EST) via an automated olfactometer. Whole-brain, high-resolution (1.8mm3) functional MRI data from a Siemens Trio 3T MRI scanner were collected during all blocks. Five adults were excluded due to excessive movement. MANOVA analysis, a 2 × 3 multivariate model and analysis of 2×2 effects between sex and subsets of stimuli was done for activation over the whole brain and small volumes involved in olfaction.ResultsExploratory analysis of 2×2 effects between sex and subsets of stimuli exhibited significant interactions when assessing activations over the whole brain, and small volumes involved in olfaction. The left and right frontal poles (LFP, RFP) shows significant interaction when assessing sex with lavender and EST for whole brain analysis. For small volume analysis, the right orbitofrontal cortex (ROFC) exhibited a sex with lavender and ALD interaction, and a sex with lavender and EST interaction was observed in the left inferior frontal gyrus (LIFG). Main effects of sex, stimulus, or interaction show no differences analyzed using a 2 × 3 multivariate model.ConclusionThe study shows there is a sexually dimorphic response in the olfactory system to pheromones not previously studied. Scents like lavender do not have this same response. These distinct functional differences in activation patterns may be a result of neural development and maturation differences between sexes. Future studies should expand this pilot study and involve a younger demographic to accurately determine the age at which the olfactory response differentiates between males and females.

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