Does affirming children's autonomy and prosocial intentions help? A microtrial into intervention component effects to improve psychosocial behavior

Abstract Background Early childhood educators (ECEs) play a critical role in promoting physical activity (PA) among preschoolers in childcare; thus, PA-related training for ECEs is essential. The Supporting PA in the Childcare Environment (SPACE) intervention incorporated: 1. shorter, more frequent outdoor play sessions; 2. provision of portable play equipment; and, PA training for ECEs. An extension of the SPACE intervention (the SPACE-Extension) incorporated only the shorter, more frequent outdoor play periods component of the original SPACE intervention. The purpose of this study was to explore the individual impact of these interventions on ECEs’ PA-related self-efficacy and knowledge. Methods ECEs from the SPACE (n = 83) and SPACE-Extension (n = 31) were administered surveys at all intervention time-points to assess: self-efficacy to engage preschoolers in PA (n = 6 items; scale 0 to 100); self-efficacy to implement the intervention (n = 6 items); and, knowledge of preschooler-specific PA and screen-viewing guidelines (n = 2 items). A linear mixed effects model was used to analyze the impact of each intervention on ECEs’ self-efficacy and knowledge and controlled for multiple comparison bias. Results The SPACE intervention significantly impacted ECEs’ self-efficacy to engage preschoolers in PA for 180 min/day (main effect), and when outdoor playtime was not an option (interaction effect). Further, the interaction model for ECEs’ knowledge of the total PA guideline for preschoolers approached significance when compared to the main effects model. Participants within the SPACE-Extension did not demonstrate any significant changes in self-efficacy or knowledge variables. Conclusions Findings from this study highlight the benefit of ECE training in PA with regard to fostering their PA-related self-efficacy and knowledge. Future research should explore the impact of PA training for ECEs uniquely in order to determine if this intervention component, alone, can produce meaningful changes in children’s PA behaviours at childcare.

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Development of a hybrid sleep and physical activity improvement intervention for adults with osteoarthritis-related pain and sleep disturbance: a focus group study with potential users

British Journal of Pain ◽

10.1177/20494637211026049 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 204946372110260

Author(s):

Daniel Whibley ◽

Kevin Stelfox ◽

Alasdair L Henry ◽

Nicole KY Tang ◽

Anna L Kratz

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Pain Management ◽

Focus Groups ◽

Thematic Analysis ◽

Sleep Disturbances ◽

Physical Activity Intervention ◽

Focus Group Study ◽

Intervention Component ◽

Beneficial Impact ◽

Improvement Intervention

Objective: Suboptimal sleep and physical activity are common among people living with osteoarthritis (OA) and simultaneous improvements in both may have a beneficial impact on pain. This study aimed to gather perspectives of people living with OA on important aspects to incorporate in a hybrid sleep and physical activity improvement intervention for OA pain management. Design: Qualitative study using two rounds of two focus groups. Setting and participants: Focus groups were conducted with adults living with OA-related chronic pain and sleep disturbances. Eighteen people attended focus groups in January 2020 and, of these, 16 attended subsequent focus groups in February 2020. Methods: Discussion at the first round of focus groups informed generation of prototype intervention materials that were shared, discussed and refined at the second round of focus groups. Thematic analysis was used to identify themes and sub-themes from the data. Results: Three themes, each with three sub-themes, were identified: facilitators of engagement with the intervention (sub-themes: motivational language, accountability and education); barriers to engagement (sub-themes: suboptimal interaction with healthcare practitioners, recording behaviour as burdensome/disruptive and uncertainty about technique) and characteristics of a physical activity intervention component (sub-themes: tailored, sustainable and supported). Conclusion: We have identified important aspects to incorporate into the design and delivery of a hybrid sleep and physical activity improvement intervention for OA pain management. Insights will be incorporated into intervention materials and protocols, with feasibility and acceptability assessed in a future study.

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The effects of constructive television news reporting on prosocial intentions and behavior in children: The role of negative emotions and self-efficacy

Communications ◽

10.1515/commun-2019-0151 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Iris van Venrooij ◽

Tobias Sachs ◽

Mariska Kleemans

Keyword(s):

Self Efficacy ◽

Positive Emotions ◽

Television News ◽

Negative Emotions ◽

Emotional Responses ◽

News Story ◽

News Reporting ◽

News Video ◽

Prosocial Intentions ◽

And Behavior

Abstract To reduce negative emotional responses and to stimulate prosociality, constructive journalism promotes the inclusion of positive emotions and solutions in news. This study experimentally tested whether including those elements indeed increased prosocial intentions and behavior among children, and whether negative emotions and self-efficacy are mediators in this regard. To this end, children (N = 468; 9 to 13 years old) were exposed to an emotion-based, solution-based, or non-constructive news video. Results showed that emotion-based and solution-based news reduced children’s negative emotions compared to non-constructive news. No direct effects for prosocial intentions were found, but solution-based news led to less prosocial behavior (i. e., money donated) than emotion-based and non-constructive news. Moreover, negative emotions served as a mediator, self-efficacy did not. The more negative emotions were elicited by a news story, the higher the prosocial intentions and behavior. In conclusion, a constructive style of reporting helps to reduce children’s negative emotional responses but subsequently hinders prosociality.

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Mixed-Methods for Comparing Tobacco Cessation Interventions

The Journal of Smoking Cessation ◽

10.1017/jsc.2015.7 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 15-21 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Behnoosh Momin ◽

Antonio Neri ◽

Lei Zhang ◽

Jennifer Kahende ◽

Jennifer Duke ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Smoking Cessation ◽

Mixed Methods ◽

Comparative Effectiveness ◽

Tobacco Cessation ◽

Online Advertising ◽

Control Program ◽

Population Based ◽

Comprehensive Cancer Control ◽

Intervention Component ◽

Web Based

Introduction: The National Comprehensive Cancer Control Program (NCCCP) and National Tobacco Control Program (NTCP) are both well-positioned to promote the use of population-based tobacco cessation interventions, such as state quitlines and Web-based interventions.Aims: This paper outlines the methodology used to conduct a comparative effectiveness research (CER) study of traditional and Web-based tobacco cessation and quitline promotion approaches.Methods: A mixed-methods study with three components was designed to address the effect of promotional activities on service usage and the comparative effectiveness of population-based smoking cessation activities across multiple states.Results/Findings: The cessation intervention component followed 7,902 smokers (4,307 quitline users and 3,595 Web intervention users) to ascertain prevalence of 30-day abstinence rates seven months after registering for smoking cessation services. User characteristics and quit success was compared across the two modalities. In the promotions component, reach and use of traditional and innovative promotion strategies were assessed for 24 states, including online advertising, state Web sites, social media, mobile applications, and their effects on quitline call volume. The partnership intervention component studied the extent of collaboration among six selected NCCCPs and NTCPs.Conclusions: This study will guide program staff and clinicians with evidence-based recommendations and best practices for implementation of tobacco cessation within their patient and community populations and establish an evidence base that can be used for decision making.

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Manganese exposure and psychosocial behavior of preschool children

Environmental Epidemiology ◽

10.1097/01.ee9.0000607644.64887.e5 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 ◽

pp. 169

Author(s):

Huang C ◽

Chen Y ◽

Luo S ◽

Chin W ◽

Guo Y

Keyword(s):

Preschool Children ◽

Manganese Exposure ◽

Psychosocial Behavior

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Developing a complex intervention to support pregnant women with mild to moderate anxiety: application of the Medical Research Council framework

10.21203/rs.3.rs-39833/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Kerry Evans ◽

Helen Spiby ◽

Jane C Morrell

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Maternity Care ◽

Public Involvement ◽

Complex Interventions ◽

Psychological Theory ◽

Intervention Component ◽

Group Discussions ◽

Mrc Framework ◽

Care Systems ◽

In Pregnancy

Abstract Aim: To design and develop an intervention to support women with symptoms of mild to moderate anxiety in pregnancy.Methods: The development followed the MRC framework for complex interventions, utilising psychological theory, review level evidence and professional and public involvement. Two systematic reviews were completed which helped identify potentially beneficial intervention components. The theory underpinning the components was explored to consider the potential benefit for women with mild to moderate anxiety symptoms in pregnancy. Methods of delivering the intervention within maternity services were explored. The intervention comprised: group discussions, one to one support and assisted self-help resources. Midwives were identified as ideally placed to facilitate the intervention supported by midwifery support workers. A bespoke training package was provided by subject experts to prepare the facilitators. Discussion: The absence of established interventions and a paucity of evidence based approaches for pregnant women with symptoms of mild to moderate anxiety indicated the need for a rigorous and systematic approach to the intervention design. This approach led to the development of an intervention feasible for implementation in maternity care systems tailored to the needs of pregnant women. The involvement of a multi-professional advisory team and active engagement of service users helped to consider the acceptability of the intervention for women and the feasibility of delivering the intervention in the context of maternity care. Conclusion: The MRC Framework provided useful overarching guidance to develop a midwife facilitated intervention for women with symptoms of anxiety in pregnancy. The framework assisted the development of a robust rationale for each intervention component and considered the processes of evaluation and implementation into maternity care systems.

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General Measure of Prosocial Intentions

PsycTESTS Dataset ◽

10.1037/t20170-000 ◽

2011 ◽

Author(s):

Louisa Pavey ◽

Tobias Greitemeyer ◽

Paul Sparks

Keyword(s):

General Measure ◽

Prosocial Intentions

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Mind-Body Exercise (Wuqinxi) for Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph16010072 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 72 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Ke Wang ◽

Shijie Liu ◽

Zhaowei Kong ◽

Yanjie Zhang ◽

Jing Liu

Keyword(s):

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽

Randomized Controlled Trials ◽

Pulmonary Disease ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Chronic Obstructive ◽

Controlled Trials ◽

Intervention Component ◽

Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽

Training Time ◽

Randomized Controlled

Objective: This study is the first meta-analysis investigating the rehabilitative effects of Wuqinxi for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods: Five electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, CNKI, and Wanfang) from inception until early November 2018 were searched. All randomized controlled trials (RCT) using Wuqinxi as the main intervention component were included for meta-analysis. The pooled effect sizes (Standardized mean difference, SMD) were calculated to determine the magnitude of the Wuqinxi intervention effect. Moderator analysis was only conducted for total training time. Results: Overall results of the meta-analysis indicated that Wuqinxi exercise significantly improved exercise capability (SMD = 1.18, 95% CI 0.53 to 1.84, e < 0.001, I2 = 84.97%), FEV1 (SMD = 0.44, 95% CI 0.12 to 0.77, e < 0.001, I2 = 33.77%), FEV1% (SMD = 0.59, 95% CI 0.24 to 0.93, e < 0.001, I2 = 63.79%), FEV1/FVC (SMD = 0.65, 95% CI 0.37 to 0.93, e = 0.006, I2 = 44.32%) and CCQ (SMD = 1.23, 95% CI 0.31 to 2.14, e = 0.01, I2 = 93.32%). Conclusions: With no occurrence of adverse event, clinicians could try to incorporate Wuqinxi exercise into their first-line rehabilitation regime for COPD patients.

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