Pulmonary Pathology of Early Phase 2019 Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia

There is currently a lack of pathologic data on the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) pneumonia, or COVID-19, from autopsy or biopsy. Two patients who recently underwent lung lobectomies for adenocarcinoma were retrospectively found to have had COVID-19 at the time of surgery. These two cases thus provide important first opportunities to study the pathology of COVID-19. Pathologic examinations revealed that, apart from the tumors, the lungs of both patients exhibited edema, proteinaceous exudate, focal reactive hyperplasia of pneumocytes with patchy inflammatory cellular infiltration, and multinucleated giant cells. Hyaline membranes were not prominent. Since both patients did not exhibit symptoms of pneumonia at the time of surgery, these changes likely represent an early phase of the lung pathology of COVID-19 pneumonia.

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Pulmonary Pathology of Early Phase SARS-COV-2 Pneumonia

10.20944/preprints202002.0220.v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Sufang Tian ◽

Weidong Hu ◽

Li Niu ◽

Huan Liu ◽

Haibo Xu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Early Phase ◽

Giant Cells ◽

Lung Pathology ◽

Cellular Infiltration ◽

Multinucleated Giant Cells ◽

Time Of Surgery ◽

Hyaline Membranes ◽

Pulmonary Pathology

There is currently a lack of pathologic data on the SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia, or COVID-19, from autopsy or biopsy. Two patients who recently underwent lung lobectomies for adenocarcinoma were retrospectively found to have had COVID-19 at the time of surgery. These two cases thus provide important first opportunities to study the pathology of COVID-19. Pathologic examinations revealed that, apart from the tumors, the lungs of both patients exhibited edema, proteinaceous exudate with globules, focal hyperplasia of pneumocytes with only patchy inflammatory cellular infiltration, and multinucleated giant cells. Hyaline membranes were not prominent. Since both patients did not exhibit symptoms of pneumonia at the time of surgery, these changes likely represent an early phase of the lung pathology of COVID-19 pneumonia.

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Response to Comments on "Preliminary estimation of the basic reproduction number of novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in China, from 2019 to 2020: A data-driven Analysis in the early phase of the outbreak"

International Journal of Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1016/j.ijid.2021.12.310 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Subhash Kumar Yadav ◽

Shi Zhao ◽

Yusuf Akhter

Keyword(s):

Basic Reproduction Number ◽

Early Phase ◽

Reproduction Number ◽

Data Driven ◽

Preliminary Estimation ◽

Novel Coronavirus ◽

The Basic Reproduction Number

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The Novel Coronavirus in Pediatric and Geriatric Population- What We Know

The Open Dentistry Journal ◽

10.2174/1874210602115010300 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 300-304

Author(s):

Amit Reche ◽

Anjali Nandanwar ◽

Aniket Hedaoo ◽

Kumar G. Chhbra ◽

Punit Fulzele ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Lung Diseases ◽

Heart Diseases ◽

Treatment Modalities ◽

Renal Diseases ◽

The Novel ◽

Geriatric Population ◽

Pulmonary Pathology ◽

Coronavirus Infection ◽

Novel Coronavirus

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)is a virus responsible for the coronavirus infection that is currently causing a severe outbreak of the disease in the world, infecting and killing thousands to lacs of people. The pediatric and geriatric population is no exception to this. Children and older adults have less immunity, which makes them more susceptible to infection than other populations. But still the number of cases of Children where less as compared to adults and those having underlying pulmonary pathology or immunocompromising conditions are more vulnerable to infection. Some studies have shown that this virus causes more death in the older age population as compared to adults or children. Patients having any systemic conditions like diabetes, raised blood pressure, heart diseases, lung diseases and chronic renal diseases were more vulnerable to this infection. In this article, we will outline the epidemiology, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment modalities of the novel coronavirus-2019(COVID 19) infection in humans, with more focusing on infection in children as well as in older adults.

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Chest MRI of a pregnant woman with COVID-19 pneumonia

Digital Diagnostics ◽

10.17816/dd46800 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 61-68

Author(s):

Yuriy A. Vasilev ◽

Alexander V. Bazhin ◽

Amir G. Masri ◽

Yulia N. Vasileva ◽

Olga Yu. Panina ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Woman ◽

Ionizing Radiation ◽

Risk Groups ◽

Diagnostic Information ◽

The Novel ◽

Lung Condition ◽

Pulmonary Pathology ◽

Novel Coronavirus ◽

Bilateral Lesions ◽

Pcr Test

This paper presents a clinical case of a 39-year-old pregnant woman with respiratory signs of the novel coronavirus Covid-19 infection. Chest MRI showed bilateral lesions in basal segments. The PCR test was positive. A lung condition was assessed without loss of significant diagnostic information. Besides that, the absence of exposure to ionizing radiation allowed to avoid a high loading dose on the patient and the fetus. This case reveals potential opportunities of MRI in the diagnosis of pulmonary pathology without exposure to ionizing radiation, especially in patient risk groups (children, pregnant women, etc.).

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Preliminary estimation of the basic reproduction number of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in China, from 2019 to 2020: A data-driven analysis in the early phase of the outbreak

10.1101/2020.01.23.916395 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 72

Author(s):

Shi Zhao ◽

Qianyin Lin ◽

Jinjun Ran ◽

Salihu S Musa ◽

Guangpu Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Basic Reproduction Number ◽

Exponential Growth ◽

Early Phase ◽

Reproduction Number ◽

Fold Increase ◽

Reporting Rate ◽

The Mean ◽

Novel Coronavirus ◽

The Impact ◽

The Basic Reproduction Number

AbstractBackgroundsAn ongoing outbreak of a novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) pneumonia hit a major city of China, Wuhan, December 2019 and subsequently reached other provinces/regions of China and countries. We present estimates of the basic reproduction number, R0, of 2019-nCoV in the early phase of the outbreak.MethodsAccounting for the impact of the variations in disease reporting rate, we modelled the epidemic curve of 2019-nCoV cases time series, in mainland China from January 10 to January 24, 2020, through the exponential growth. With the estimated intrinsic growth rate (γ), we estimated R0 by using the serial intervals (SI) of two other well-known coronavirus diseases, MERS and SARS, as approximations for the true unknown SI.FindingsThe early outbreak data largely follows the exponential growth. We estimated that the mean R0 ranges from 2.24 (95%CI: 1.96-2.55) to 3.58 (95%CI: 2.89-4.39) associated with 8-fold to 2-fold increase in the reporting rate. We demonstrated that changes in reporting rate substantially affect estimates of R0.ConclusionThe mean estimate of R0 for the 2019-nCoV ranges from 2.24 to 3.58, and significantly larger than 1. Our findings indicate the potential of 2019-nCoV to cause outbreaks.

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Distinct mutations and lineages of SARS-CoV-2 virus in the early phase of COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent global expansion

10.1101/2021.01.05.425339 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yan Chen ◽

Shiyong Li ◽

Wei Wu ◽

Shuaipeng Geng ◽

Mao Mao

Keyword(s):

Early Phase ◽

Full Length ◽

Control Measures ◽

Viral Genotype ◽

Nucleotide Substitutions ◽

Viral Genomes ◽

One Year ◽

Novel Coronavirus ◽

Dominant Genotype ◽

Ancestral Type

A novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, has caused over 85 million cases and over 1.8 million deaths worldwide since it occurred twelve months ago in Wuhan, China. Here we first analyzed 4,013 full-length SARS-CoV-2 genomes from different continents over a 14-week timespan since the outbreak in Wuhan. 2,954 unique nucleotide substitutions were identified with 31 of the 4,013 genomes remaining as ancestral type, and 952 (32.2%) mutations recurred in more than one genome. A viral genotype from the Seafood Market in Wuhan featured with two concurrent mutations was the dominant genotype (80.9%) of the pandemic. We also identified unique genotypic compositions from different geographic locations, and time-series viral genotypic dynamics in the early phase that reveal transmission routes and subsequent expansion. In the end, as the pandemic has been unfolding for more than one year, we also used the same approach to analyze 261,350 full-length SARS-CoV-2 genomes from the world since the outbreak in Wuhan (i.e. all the available viral genomes in the GISAID database as of 25 December 2020) in order to recapitulate our findings in a real-time fashion. Our study indicates the viral genotypes can be utilized as molecular barcodes in combination with epidemiologic data to monitor the spreading routes of the pandemic and evaluate the effectiveness of control measures.

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Monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.7 variant early-phase spreading in South-Moravian Region in the Czech Republic and evaluation of its pathogenicity

10.1101/2021.05.24.21257365 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Daniel Diabelko ◽

Milada Dvorackova ◽

Monika Dvorakova Heroldova ◽

Giancarlo Forte ◽

Ivan Cundrle ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Czech Republic ◽

Early Phase ◽

Case Fatality ◽

Amino Acid Mutation ◽

Dominant Form ◽

The Czech Republic ◽

Control And Prevention ◽

Novel Coronavirus ◽

The Impact ◽

Central South

SARS-CoV-2 emerged in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. Starting in January 2020, over a period of several months, the initial virus (Wuhan-Hu-1/2019; Wu et al. 2020) diverged in a descendant strain carrying D614G amino acid mutation in spike protein. By summer 2020 this novel coronavirus (nCoV) became the most dominant form of the virus circulating worldwide and raised serious international concern. Currently (April 2021), there are 3598 subsequent PANGO branched lineages recognized that carry numerous mutations. To date, the most emerging lineages of SARS-CoV-2 worldwide include B.1.1.7 lineage with a frequency of 48% followed by several dozens of others with frequencies 7.5% or less, such as B.1.351, B.1.1.28, B.1.2, B.1.1.519, P.1, R.1, etc. (www.nextrain.org, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; CDC 2020 www.cdc.gov). In this study, we monitored the spreading of B.1.1.7 lineage from the early phase of its appearance until it became predominant in the South-Moravian region of the Czech Republic. We measured significantly associated clinical marker (Ct; cycle threshold) correlating with viral load in B.1.1.7 lineage. Interestingly, we found that the spreading of B.1.1.7 strain was associated with a shift in patients average age, as compared to the former predominant lineage. Finally, we calculated the impact of the B.1.1.7 lineage on hospitalization and case fatality of the patients on the intensive care unit in the central South-Moravian faculty hospital.

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