scholarly journals Identifying factors associated with hypoglycemia-related hospitalization among elderly patients with T2DM in the united states: A novel approach using influential variable analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. A238
Author(s):  
B.H. Curtis ◽  
D.P. Schuster ◽  
W. Xie ◽  
H. Fu
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
The United States ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Influential Variable ◽  
Variable Analysis

Mass School Shootings in the United States: A Novel Root Cause Analysis Using Lay Press Reports

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (13) ◽  
pp. 1423-1428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris A. Rees ◽  
Lois K. Lee ◽  
Eric W. Fleegler ◽  
Rebekah Mannix
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Root Cause Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
School Shootings ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Mass Shootings ◽  
Cause Analysis ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Root Cause

School shootings comprise a small proportion of childhood deaths from firearms; however, these shootings receive a disproportionately large share of media attention. We conducted a root cause analysis of 2 recent school shootings in the United States using lay press reports. We reviewed 1760 and analyzed 282 articles from the 10 most trusted news sources. We identified 356 factors associated with the school shootings. Policy-level factors, including a paucity of adequate legislation controlling firearm purchase and ownership, were the most common contributing factors to school shootings. Mental illness was a commonly cited person-level factor, and access to firearms in the home and availability of large-capacity firearms were commonly cited environmental factors. Novel approaches, including root cause analyses using lay media, can identify factors contributing to mass shootings. The policy, person, and environmental factors associated with these school shootings should be addressed as part of a multipronged effort to prevent future mass shootings.

scholarly journals Orexin receptor antagonists reverse aberrant dopamine neuron activity and related behaviors in a rodent model of stress-induced psychosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah B. Elam ◽  
Stephanie M. Perez ◽  
Jennifer J. Donegan ◽  
Daniel J. Lodge
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Sensorimotor Gating ◽  
The United States ◽  
Dopamine Neuron ◽  
Neuron Activity ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Neuron Population ◽  
Population Activity ◽  
Novel Approach

AbstractPost-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a prevalent condition affecting approximately 8% of the United States population and 20% of United States combat veterans. In addition to core symptoms of the disorder, up to 64% of individuals diagnosed with PTSD experience comorbid psychosis. Previous research has demonstrated a positive correlation between symptoms of psychosis and increases in dopamine transmission. We have recently demonstrated projections from the paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus (PVT) to the nucleus accumbens (NAc) can regulate dopamine neuron activity in the ventral tegmental area (VTA). Specifically, inactivation of the PVT leads to a reversal of aberrant dopamine system function and psychosis-like behavior. The PVT receives dense innervation from orexin containing neurons, therefore, targeting orexin receptors may be a novel approach to restore dopamine neuron activity and alleviate PTSD-associated psychosis. In this study, we induced stress-related pathophysiology in male Sprague Dawley rats using an inescapable foot-shock procedure. We observed a significant increase in VTA dopamine neuron population activity, deficits in sensorimotor gating, and hyperresponsivity to psychomotor stimulants. Administration of selective orexin 1 receptor (OX1R) and orexin 2 receptor (OX2R) antagonists (SB334867 and EMPA, respectively) or the FDA-approved, dual-orexin receptor antagonist, Suvorexant, were found to reverse stress-induced increases in dopamine neuron population activity. However, only Suvorexant and SB334867 were able to reverse deficits in behavioral corelates of psychosis. These results suggest that the orexin system may be a novel pharmacological target for the treatment of comorbid psychosis related to PTSD.

Mainstream Flavor: Ethnic Cuisine and Assimilation in the United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-85
Author(s):  
Anna Boch ◽  
Tomás Jiménez ◽  
Katharina Roesler
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Cultural Change ◽  
Culture Change ◽  
Contextual Factors ◽  
The United States ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Assimilation Process ◽  
Restaurant Reviews ◽  
Mexican Populations

Assimilation theories posit that cultural change is part and parcel of the assimilation process. That change can register in the symbols and practices that individuals invoke as part of an ethnic experience. But cultural change also includes the degree to which the mainstream takes up those symbols and practices as part of its composite culture. We develop a way to examine whether cuisine, an important component of ethnic culture, is part of the mainstream’s composite culture and the contextual factors associated with the presence of ethnic cuisine in the composite culture. We begin with a comparison of 761,444 reviews of Mexican, Italian, Chinese, and American restaurants across the United States from Yelp!, an online customer review platform. We find that reviews of Mexican restaurants mention ethnicity and authenticity much more than reviews of Italian and American restaurants, but less than reviews of Chinese restaurants, suggesting intermediate mainstreaming of Mexican cuisine. We then examine Mexican restaurant reviews in the 82 largest U.S. core-based statistical areas (CBSAs) to uncover the contextual factors associated with Mexican cuisine’s local mainstream presence. We find that Mexican food is less defined in ethnic terms in CBSAs with larger and more culturally distinct Mexican populations and at less-expensive restaurants. We argue that regional versions of the composite culture change as ethnic groups come to define a region demographically and culturally.

Leadership Continuity and Change in Hmong Refugee Communities in the United States

1997 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-228
Author(s):  
Jeremy Hein
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Change ◽  
Political Violence ◽  
International Migration ◽  
The United States ◽  
Host Society ◽  
Leadership Positions ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Continuity And Change ◽  
Authority Structures

Political violence and international migration have the potential to disrupt leadership continuity in Hmong refugee communities in the United States. At the same time, clan and village authority structures from Laos favor leadership continuity despite dramatic social change. Data on 40 Hmong leaders in ten communities are used to determine if the indigenous sources of leadership continue to determine who becomes a leader after resettlement. The majority of leaders were leaders in Southeast Asia and have close kin who were leaders, indicating leadership continuity. Whether these leaders have held few or many leadership positions in the United States, however, is not determined by prior leadership or kinship, but by factors associated with acculturation. Initial leadership status in a host society is linked to authority structures from the homeland, but social change influences subsequent leadership careers.

Trends in modifiable behaviorally related cancers: Who is affected the most?

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e13531-e13531
Author(s):  
John Chan ◽  
Michelle Ann P. Caesar ◽  
Chloe Chan ◽  
Michael Richardson ◽  
Daniel Stuart Kapp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
United States ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
White Women ◽  
Postmenopausal Breast Cancer ◽  
The United States ◽  
Racial Groups ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Modifiable Factors ◽  
Asian Men

e13531 Background: To examine trends in modifiable behaviorally related cancers among racial groups in the United States. Methods: Data were obtained from the United States Cancer Statistics (USCS) database for all cancers diagnosed between 2001 and 2017. Alcohol-associated cancers, HPV-associated, obesity-associated, physical inactivity-associated, and tobacco-associated were defined using ICD-O-3 site codes. SEER*Stat 8.3.8 and Joinpoint regression program 4.8.0.1 were used to calculate the trends of associated cancers expressed per 100,000. Results: In women, the incidence of all cancers has decreased significantly or remain unchanged for all racial groups in 2017, with the exception of an increase of HPV related cancers in white women (APC = 0.77%, p < 0.001), obesity related cancers in Hispanic women (APC = 0.46%, p < 0.001), and postmenopausal breast cancer in Black and Asian women (APC 0.78%, 1.06%, p < 0.001). The incidence of alcohol, tobacco, obesity, and physical inactivity associated cancer decreased significantly in men for all racial groups in 2017. HPV related cancers increased annually by 3.13% (p < 0.001) in White men and 0.90% in Asian men (p = 0.022). The highest decrease in modifiable factors associated with cancers was in physical inactivity related cancers in black men from the west (APC = -3.79, p < 0.001). The intersection of black race and U.S. region had the highest decreases in all cancers except obesity-related cancers where the intersection of Asian race and Midwest region had the highest decrease. Conclusions: In women, most modifiable factors associated with cancer are decreasing except in obesity related cancers and physical inactivity/obesity related postmenopausal breast cancer. In men, these rates of cancer are decreasing for all racial groups except HPV related cancers in White and Asian men.

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