Prediction of wind environment and thermal comfort at pedestrian level in urban area

Campus building was a place to accommodate various educational activities, which were both carried out indoors and outdoors. The environment, including the building and its exterior, provided thermal comfort that was influenced by the context, such as the mass of the facility, vegetation, and constructing envelope materials. The microclimate also influenced the environment, such as temperature, wind speed, and humidity. This study aimed to investigate the outdoor thermal comfort of campus building in urban area during summer, while also identifying the influential factors. This research referred to a case study, examining the thermal quality of the educational building environment using ENVI-met software, based on the Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) index as an indicator of outdoor thermal comfort, in Universitas Kebangsaan (UK). The results showed that the outdoor environment had low thermal comfort conditions during the day, as it also had different thermal satisfactory situations, due to differences in physical characteristics in each zone. This characteristics included, (1) The SVF determinant as indicators of the shading factor should be supported by the presence of vegetation and the use of pavement material, (2) Although the wind speed factor does not really affect the thermal comfort in the outdoor space, the interconnection between open gaps is likely to make breeze distribution in the area better. This study offered direction for campus planning, in order to maintain the optimal capacity of the natural environment, such as (1) Strategizing to create a better shadowing factor in the outer space, which was supported by controlling the use of pavement materials, (2) Directing the density of buildings by making open spaces more permeable, in order for better wind distribution in the area. From this study, the campus current conditions and future design development potential was also observed.

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Analysis of the influence of cooling jets on the wind and thermal environment in football stadiums in hot climates

Building Services Engineering Research and Technology ◽

10.1177/0143624419894803 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 41 (5) ◽

pp. 561-585 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Fangliang Zhong ◽

John K Calautit ◽

Ben R Hughes

Keyword(s):

Energy Consumption ◽

Thermal Comfort ◽

Air Conditioning ◽

Thermal Environment ◽

Thermal Conditions ◽

Optimized Design ◽

Outdoor Temperature ◽

World Cup ◽

Wind Environment ◽

The Spectator

After winning the bid of the FIFA’s World Cup 2022, Qatar is facing the greatest challenges in terms of minimizing substantial energy consumptions for air-conditioning of stadiums and maintaining aero-thermal comfort for both players and spectators inside stadiums. This paper presents the results of temperature distributions and wind environment of the original stadium under the hot-humid climate and improvements on them for optimized scenarios of cooling jets. A combined computational fluid dynamics and building energy simulation approach was used to analyse the cooling performance and energy consumption per match of cooling air jets for 10 scenarios with different supply velocities, supply temperatures and locations of jets. The optimal scenario is to employ vertical jets above the upper tiers at supply temperature of 20°C and velocities of 2–12 m/s, integrated with horizontal jets of the same temperature at the lower tiers with 4 m/s and around the pitch with 7 m/s. This scenario can maintain the spectator tiers at an average temperature of 22°C and reduce the maximum predicted percentage of dissatisfied of thermal comfort from the original 100% to 63% for the pitch and 19% for the tiers, respectively. In terms of the energy consumption for the air-conditioning system per match, compared with one of the 2010 South Africa World Cup stadiums Royal Bafokeng stadium which consumed approximately 22.8 MWh energy for air-conditioning in winter (highest outdoor temperature 24.4°C), the maximum energy consumption of the optimal scenario in November (highest outdoor temperature 34.2°C) can reach 108 MWh. In addition, the spectator zones with scenario 8 have the potential to be resilient to the seasonal change of outdoor temperature if slight modifications of the supply velocities and precise temperature control on the spectator zones are applied. Moreover, the configurations presented in this paper can be used as a foundation of jets arrangement for future stadium retrofits in the hot climates. Practical application: This study assesses the aero-thermal conditions of a case study stadium under the hot climate of Qatar and explores the potential of applying cooling jets with different supply velocities, supply temperatures and their locations on the enhancement of both thermal and wind environment of spectator tiers and pitch. The assessment of the original stadium indicates that the ascending curved roof structure impedes the fresh air entering into the stadium and results in an asymmetric temperature distribution on the spectator tiers. The optimized design suggests a combination of vertical jets under the roof and both three arrays of horizontal jets at lower tiers and around pitch for future stadium optimizations in hot climates. It also recommends enhancing the thermal conditions on the pitch by optimizing the velocity of horizontal jets around the pitch. Moreover, the future design of the exact stadiums to be resilient to the seasonal changing outdoor temperature can be implemented based on scenario 8.

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Analysis of the Wind Environment to Improve the Thermal Comfort in the Colonnade Space of a Qilou Street Based on the Relative Warmth Index

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su11164402 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (16) ◽

pp. 4402 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Xianfeng Huang ◽

Zhen Lu ◽

Zhixiang Zhuang

Keyword(s):

Wind Speed ◽

Thermal Comfort ◽

Architectural Design ◽

Thermal Environment ◽

Transitional Space ◽

Wind Environment ◽

Warmth Index ◽

Research Findings ◽

Building Components ◽

Computational Fluid Dynamics Cfd

By analyzing measurements of the thermal environment of a qilou (arcade building) street, this study used the relative warmth index (RWI) to evaluate the thermal comfort in the colonnade space of a qilou. The analysis of the influence of the temperature, humidity, and wind speed on the thermal comfort in the colonnade space of a qilou street was conducted, and it was shown that the ambient wind speed had a strong influence on the RWI, indicating that a proper increase in the wind speed positively affected thermal comfort in this space. Then, this study also analyzed the effects of different forms of qilou streets on the wind environment by employing computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and summarized the architectural design measures that can improve the thermal comfort, including adopting back chamfer, street gaps, and the appropriate sizing of building components. It was concluded that the wind environment of a qilou could be optimized in terms of these measures, and the average RWI value decreased by 0.06, effectively enhancing the thermal comfort in the colonnade space. The research findings are applicable toward designing a thermally comfortable environment in the transitional space.

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DEVELOPMENT OF CFD METHOD FOR PREDICTING WIND ENVIRONMENT AROUND A HIGH-RISE BUILDING : Part 3 : The cross comparison of results for wind environment around building complex in actual urban area using different CFD codes(Environmental Engineering)

AIJ Journal of Technology and Design ◽

10.3130/aijt.10.181 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 10 (19) ◽

pp. 181-184 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Yoshihide TOMINAGA ◽

Akashi MOCHIDA ◽

Kazuyoshi HARIMOTO ◽

Hiroto KATAOKA ◽

Ryuichiro YOSHIE

Keyword(s):

Urban Area ◽

Environmental Engineering ◽

Wind Environment ◽

High Rise ◽

High Rise Building ◽

Comparison Of Results ◽

The Cross ◽

Cfd Method

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Impact of urbanization level on the interactions of urban area, the urban climate, and human thermal comfort

Applied Geography ◽

10.1016/j.apgeog.2016.12.007 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 79 ◽

pp. 50-72 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Kenobi Isima Morris ◽

Andy Chan ◽

Kwami Justina Kwami Morris ◽

Maggie C.G. Ooi ◽

Muhammad Y. Oozeer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thermal Comfort ◽

Urban Area ◽

Urban Climate ◽

Urbanization Level ◽

Human Thermal Comfort ◽

Impact Of Urbanization

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Numerical studies of the outdoor wind environment and thermal comfort at pedestrian level in housing blocks with different building layout patterns and trees arrangement

Renewable Energy ◽

10.1016/j.renene.2014.05.060 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 73 ◽

pp. 18-27 ◽

Cited By ~ 96

Author(s):

Bo Hong ◽

Borong Lin

Keyword(s):

Thermal Comfort ◽

Wind Environment ◽

Numerical Studies ◽

Building Layout

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Optimization of building form and its fenestration in response to microclimate conditions of an urban area

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202017219002 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 172 ◽

pp. 19002

Author(s):

Kavan Javanroodi ◽

Vahid M. Nik ◽

Yuchen Yang

Keyword(s):

Thermal Comfort ◽

Urban Area ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Energy Demand ◽

High Performance ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Climate Data ◽

Heating And Cooling ◽

Building Form ◽

Microclimate Conditions

Designing building form in urban areas is a complicated process that demands considering a high number of influencing parameters. On the other hand, there has been an increasing trend to design highly fenestrated building envelopes for office buildings to induce higher levels of natural lighting into the workspace. This paper presents a novel optimization framework to design high-performance building form and fenestration configuration considering the impacts of urban microclimate in typical and extreme weather conditions during a thirty-year period of climate data (2010-2039). In this regard, based on the introduced technique and algorithm, the annual energy demand and thermal comfort of over 8008 eligible form combinations with eight different fenestration configurations and seven different building orientation angels were analysed in a detailed urban area to find optimal design solutions in response to microclimate conditions. Results showed that adopting the framework, annual heating, and cooling demand can be reduced by 21% and 38% while maintaining thermal comfort by taking design-based decisions at the early stages of design.

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Estimation of Thermal Comfort Using a WRF-MENEX Model during a Heat Wave in a Complex Urban Area

ISEE Conference Abstracts ◽

10.1289/isesisee.2018.p02.0420 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mi-Kyoung Hwang ◽

Inbo Oh ◽

Jin-Hee Bang ◽

Sungmin Kim ◽

Yoo-Keun Kim

Keyword(s):

Thermal Comfort ◽

Urban Area ◽

Heat Wave

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Progress in Wind Environment and Outdoor Air Ventilation at Pedestrian Level in Urban Area

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.819.236 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 819 ◽

pp. 236-240 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Azli Abd Razak ◽

Aya Hagishima ◽

Zainol Abidin Awang Sa ◽

Sheikh Ahmad Zaki

Keyword(s):

Flow Field ◽

Urban Area ◽

Outdoor Air ◽

Wind Environment ◽

The Past ◽

Urban Geometry ◽

Building Geometry ◽

Air Ventilation ◽

Natural Wind ◽

Made In

This paper reviews the progress made in outdoor wind environment and outdoor ventilation at pedestrian level in urban area for the past few decades until today. The focus is on the effect of wind on people at pedestrian level and how the urban geometry can influence the flow field around the building. Section 1 explains the effect of natural wind environment on comfort and safety of the pedestrian. Section 2 describes the characteristic of pedestrian wind and flow pattern around the building due to the building geometry arrangement.

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