scholarly journals Excess deaths from COVID-19 and other causes by region, neighbourhood deprivation level and place of death during the first 30 weeks of the pandemic in England and Wales: A retrospective registry study

2021 ◽  
pp. 100144
Author(s):  
Evangelos Kontopantelis ◽  
Mamas A. Mamas ◽  
Roger T. Webb ◽  
Ana Castro ◽  
Martin K. Rutter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deprivation Level ◽  
Place Of Death ◽  
Registry Study ◽  
Neighbourhood Deprivation ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Excess Deaths

scholarly journals Deaths from Covid-19: Who are the forgotten victims?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kieran F. Docherty ◽  
Jawad H Butt ◽  
Rudolf A. de Boer ◽  
Pooja Dewan ◽  
Lars Køber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
New York State ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Clinical Activity ◽  
National Agency ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
York State ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Excess Deaths

AbstractBackgroundWith the spreading global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) there has been disruption to normal clinical activity in response to the increased demand on health services. There are reports of a reduction in non-Covid-19 emergency presentations. Consequentially, there are concerns that deaths from non-Covid-19 causes could increase. We examined recent reported population-based mortality rates, compared with expected rates, and compared any excess in deaths with the number of deaths attributed to Covid-19.MethodsNational agency and death registration reports were searched for numbers of deaths attributed to Covid-19 and overall mortality that had been publicly reported by 22 April 2020. Data on the number of deaths attributed to Covid-19, the total number of deaths registered in the population and the historical average over at least 3 years were collected. Data were available for 3 Northern European countries (England & Wales, Scotland and the Netherlands) and New York State, United States of America.FindingsThere was an increase in observed, compared with expected, mortality in Scotland (+73%), England and Wales (+49%), the Netherlands (+65%) and New York state (+34%). Of these deaths, only 65% in Scotland, 68 % in England and Wales, 49% in the Netherlands and 73% in New York state were attributed to Covid-19 leaving a number of excess deaths not attributed to Covid-19.InterpretationA substantial proportion of excess deaths observed during the current COVID-19 pandemic are not attributed to COVID-19 and may represent an excess of deaths due to other causes.FundingNone

Audit finds 24 000 excess deaths among people with diabetes in England and Wales

BMJ ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 345 (dec10 1) ◽  
pp. e8406-e8406
Author(s):  
Z. Kmietowicz
Keyword(s):  
England And Wales ◽  
Excess Deaths

Excess Mortality During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Guatemala

2021 ◽  
pp. e1-e8
Author(s):  
Kevin Martinez-Folgar ◽  
Diego Alburez-Gutierrez ◽  
Alejandra Paniagua-Avila ◽  
Manuel Ramirez-Zea ◽  
Usama Bilal
Keyword(s):  
Excess Mortality ◽  
Generalized Additive Model ◽  
Additive Model ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Place Of Death ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Registration System ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Vital Registration System ◽  
Excess Deaths

Objectives. To describe excess mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic in Guatemala during 2020 by week, age, sex, and place of death. Methods. We used mortality data from 2015 to 2020, gathered through the vital registration system of Guatemala. We calculated weekly mortality rates, overall and stratified by age, sex, and place of death. We fitted a generalized additive model to calculate excess deaths, adjusting for seasonality and secular trends and compared excess deaths to the official COVID-19 mortality count. Results. We found an initial decline of 26% in mortality rates during the first weeks of the pandemic in 2020, compared with 2015 to 2019. These declines were sustained through October 2020 for the population younger than 20 years and for deaths in public spaces and returned to normal from July onward in the population aged 20 to 39 years. We found a peak of 73% excess mortality in mid-July, especially in the population aged 40 years or older. We estimated a total of 8036 excess deaths (95% confidence interval = 7935, 8137) in 2020, 46% higher than the official COVID-19 mortality count. Conclusions. The extent of this health crisis is underestimated when COVID-19 confirmed death counts are used. (Am J Public Health. Published online ahead of print September 23, 2021: e1–e8. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306452 )

scholarly journals Individual and neighbourhood socioeconomic inequalities in cognitive impairment: cross-sectional findings from the French CONSTANCES cohort

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. e033751
Author(s):  
Noémie Letellier ◽  
Isabelle Carrière ◽  
Emmanuelle Cadot ◽  
Lisa Berkman ◽  
Marcel Goldberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Screening ◽  
Deprivation Level ◽  
Environment Impact ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Neighbourhood Deprivation ◽  
Brain Ageing ◽  
The Individual

ObjectivesDespite the recent awareness of the environment impact on brain ageing, the influence of the neighbourhood socioeconomic status on cognitive impairment remains unclear. Here, we investigated the effects of individual and neighbourhood deprivation on cognitive impairment in middle-aged and young-old people.DesignCross-sectional study.Settings21 Health Screening Centres in the entire French metropolitan territory.ParticipantsA total of 44 648 participants (age range: 45 to 69 years) from the French CONSTANCES cohort were included in the analyses.Main outcomesAssociations between the overall cognitive score (based on a standardised battery of cognitive tests administered by neuropsychologists) and individual deprivation (Evaluation of Deprivation and Inequalities in Health Screening Centres; EPICES score) and geographical deprivation (French Deprivation Index; FDep index).ResultsBased on the EPICES score (validated cut-off ≥30.17), 12% of participants were considered to be deprived. After mutual adjustment, individual and geographical deprivation were associated with higher cognitive impairment in a multilevel logistic regression analysis that was also adjusted for sociodemographic, lifestyle and health factors. Specifically, individual deprivation was associated with an odds increase of 55% (OR=1.55, 95% CI: 1.45 to 1.66). The risk of global cognitive impairment progressively increased with the neighbourhood deprivation level, evaluated by the FDep index (reference Q1; Q2: OR=1.09, 95% CI: 0.98 to 1.20; Q3: OR=1.15, 95% CI: 1.04 to 1.27; Q4: OR=1.15, 95% CI: 1.04 to 1.28; Q5: OR=1.25, 95% CI: 1.13 to 1.39).ConclusionOur results suggest that the neighbourhood socioeconomic deprivation level is associated with cognitive impairment, independently of the individual deprivation level. A better understanding of this association could help to define new prevention strategies to target high-risk residents and high-risk geographical areas in order to reduce social health inequalities.

scholarly journals Estimating the burden of the COVID-19 pandemic on mortality, life expectancy and lifespan inequality in England and Wales: a population-level analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. jech-2020-215505
Author(s):  
Jose Manuel Aburto ◽  
Ridhi Kashyap ◽  
Jonas Schöley ◽  
Colin Angus ◽  
John Ermisch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Excess Mortality ◽  
Prediction Interval ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Population Level ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Excess Deaths

BackgroundDeaths directly linked to COVID-19 infection may be misclassified, and the pandemic may have indirectly affected other causes of death. To overcome these measurement challenges, we estimate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mortality, life expectancy and lifespan inequality from week 10 of 2020, when the first COVID-19 death was registered, to week 47 ending 20 November 2020 in England and Wales through an analysis of excess mortality.MethodsWe estimated age and sex-specific excess mortality risk and deaths above a baseline adjusted for seasonality with a systematic comparison of four different models using data from the Office for National Statistics. We additionally provide estimates of life expectancy at birth and lifespan inequality defined as the SD in age at death.ResultsThere have been 57 419 (95% prediction interval: 54 197, 60 752) excess deaths in the first 47 weeks of 2020, 55% of which occurred in men. Excess deaths increased sharply with age and men experienced elevated risks of death in all age groups. Life expectancy at birth dropped 0.9 and 1.2 years for women and men relative to the 2019 levels, respectively. Lifespan inequality also fell over the same period by 5 months for both sexes.ConclusionQuantifying excess deaths and their impact on life expectancy at birth provide a more comprehensive picture of the burden of COVID-19 on mortality. Whether mortality will return to—or even fall below—the baseline level remains to be seen as the pandemic continues to unfold and diverse interventions are put in place.

scholarly journals Socioeconomic patterning of food and drink advertising at public transport stops in Edinburgh, UK

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Tony Robertson ◽  
Ruth Jepson ◽  
Kyle Lambe ◽  
Jonathan R Olsen ◽  
Lukar E Thornton
Keyword(s):  
Fast Food ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Deprivation Level ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Outdoor Advertising ◽  
Neighbourhood Deprivation ◽  
Bus Stop ◽  
Bus Stops ◽  
Food And Drink ◽  
Proximity Measures

Abstract Objective: Outdoor advertisements for food and drink products form a large part of the food environment and they disproportionately promote unhealthy products. However, less is known about the social patterning of such advertisements. The main aim of this study was to explore the socioeconomic patterning of food and drink advertising at bus stops in Scotland’s capital city, Edinburgh. Design: Bus stop advertisements were audited to identify food/drink adverts and classify them by food/drink category (i.e. ‘advert category’). This data was then linked to area-based deprivation and proximity measures. Neighbourhood deprivation was measured using the bus stop x/y co-ordinates, which were converted to postcodes to identify the matching 2012 deprivation level via the Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation (SIMD). Distance to schools and leisure centres were also collected using location data. Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) and linear regression analyses were used to assess associations between the promotion of advert categories and deprivation and proximity to schools/leisure centres, respectively. Setting: Edinburgh city, United Kingdom Results: 561 food/drink advertisements were identified across 349 bus stops, with eight advertisement categories noted and included in the final analysis, including alcohol, fast food outlets and confectionary. The majority of adverts were for ‘unhealthy’ food and drink categories, however there was no evidence for any socioeconomic patterning of these advertisements. There was no evidence of a relationship between advertisements and proximity to schools and leisure centres. Conclusions: While there is no evidence for food and drink advertising being patterned by neighbourhood deprivation, the scale of unhealthy advertising is an area for policy evaluations and interventions on the control of such outdoor advertising.

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