Moderately increased energy intake during gestation improves body condition of primiparous sows, piglet growth performance, and milk fat and protein output

2016 ◽  
Vol 194 ◽  
pp. 23-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Wang ◽  
Mei Yang ◽  
Meng Cao ◽  
Yan Lin ◽  
Lianqiang Che ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Piglet Growth ◽  
Protein Output

Effects of protein and energy intake, body condition, and season on nutrient partitioning and milk production in caribou and reindeer

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 938-947 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann C. Allaye Chan-McLeod ◽  
Robert G. White ◽  
Dan F. Holleman
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Protein Deposition ◽  
Lactating Females

We used captive caribou (Rangifer tarandus granti) and reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) to study the effects of energy intake, protein intake, dietary protein:energy ratio, date, and body condition on (i) body fat versus body protein deposition and (ii) maternal tissue deposition versus milk production. Energy intake was the only variable significantly affecting body mass (BM) changes in either breeding or nonbreeding adult females. Lactating and nonlactating females had comparable efficiency coefficients for net energy retention (60 and 65%, respectively), but the daily maintenance requirement for lactating females (457 kJ/BM0.75) was twice that for nonlactating individuals (232 kJ/BM0.75). In both lactating and nonlactating females, the proportion of tissue deposited as fat rather than protein increased between spring and fall but decreased with increasing fatness. Energy intake increased protein deposition in lactating females but increased fat deposition in nonlactating females. Milk water volume increased with maternal energy intake and decreased with calf age. However, production of milk dry matter, milk fat, and milk energy were not affected by maternal energy or protein intake, maternal body condition, or calf age. Production of milk lactose correlated with maternal energy intake, while production of milk protein correlated with the maternal dietary protein:energy ratio.

scholarly journals Effect of reducing energy intake during the dry period on milk production, udder health, and body condition score of Jersey crossbred cows in the tropical lower Gangetic region". ( https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-019-02191-8)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Champak Bhakat
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Crossbred Cows ◽  
Udder Health ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Reducing Energy

To find out the effect of reducing energy intake during dry period on milk production, udder health, and body condition, theexperiment was conducted on 14 Jersey crossbred cows during whole dry period and continued up to 120 days of lactation.Reduction in energy intake was done during far-off period for each dry cow of treatment group as compared to control group.Statistically analyzed data revealed that overall significantly (P < 0.01) lower DMI and WI were recorded in control thantreatment group. Overall significantly (P < 0.01) higher total milk production was found in treatment than control group.Overall significantly (P < 0.01) lower milk SCC, MCMT, pH, and EC were found in treatment than control group.Nonsignificant difference in milk fat, SNF, total solid, total protein, and fat:protein ratio was found. Overall significantly(P < 0.01) better quality milk (MBRT) was found in treatment than control groups. BCS during dry period and at calving wassignificantly (P < 0.01) different between groups. Significantly (P < 0.01) higher plasma NEFA concentration was estimated incontrol than treatment groups in all stages. No significant difference was found for plasma concentrations of glucose, urea, andtotal protein. The coefficients of correlation indicated significant (P < 0.01) correlation among BCS, milk production, milk SCC,MCMT, pH, and EC. It can be concluded that reducing energy intake during far-off dry period can lead to achieve optimum BCSat calving. Suitable BCS at calving was beneficial to get higher milk production with improved quality, better maintenance ofudder health and body condition of Jersey crossbred cows at tropical lower Gangetic region.

Increasing Energy Ration of Bali Cattle to Improve Digestible Nutrient, Milk Yield and Milk Quality

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Ni Nyoman Suryani ◽  
I Wayan Suarna ◽  
Ni Putu Sarini ◽  
I Gede Mahardika
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Parent Body ◽  
Milk Quality ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Increase Energy Intake ◽  
Bali Cattle

To determine the effect of energy levels on digestible nutrient, milk production and milk quality of 7 months pregnant Bali cattle, was the purpose of this study. The study was conducted in Bali, Province of Indonesia on 12 pregnant breeding phase of pre-calving (2 months before the birth) with the parent body weight 329-340 kg/head. The treatment given is four types of Metabolizable Energy (ME) levels: 2000, 2100, 2200 and 2300/kg respectively as treatment A, B, C, and D. All ration contain 10% of crude protein. Variables measured: energy intake, digestible nutrient, milk yield, and milk quality. This research is a randomized block design. The results showed that increase energy ration until 2300 kcal ME/kg would significantly (P<0.05) increase energy intake and highest at cattle consumed ratio D is 22239.55 kcal/day. However, digestible nutrient was not affected. Milk production increased with increasing energy rations and highest (P<0.05) at cattle received treatment D is 2179.83 ml/day compared to treatment A 936.67 ml/day. Milk fat and milk lactose also highest (P<0.05) in treatment D are 8.56% and 4.76% respectively. Based on these results, it can be concluded that increase energy ration will increase energy intake, milk yield and milk fat and milk lactose of Bali cattle. 

EFFECTS OF CORRECTING FOR FEEDING LEVELS ON ESTIMATES OF GENETIC PARAMETERS OF MILK YIELD AND COMPOSITION

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 523-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. W. TONG ◽  
B. W. KENNEDY ◽  
J. E. MOXLEY
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Protein Yield ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Yield Traits ◽  
Genetic And Phenotypic Correlations ◽  
Net Energy Intake ◽  
Quadratic Effects

A total of 13,561 Holstein 305-day lactation records were studied to examine the effects of correcting records for linear and quadratic effects of 305-day net energy intake from silage, hay, pasture and meal feeding on estimates of genetic parameters of milk, fat and protein yield and fat and protein percent. Correcting records for net energy intake reduced variances of yield traits, but had little effect on composition trait variances. When expressed as a percentage of the total variance, the relative importance of sire and sire–herd components were unchanged using corrected records, and heritabilities, except for that of protein yield, were unaltered. Cow components of yield traits were reduced relative to other components after records were corrected for feeding levels. Consequently, repeatabilities were reduced as well, suggesting that a large portion of the permanent environmental effects on yield traits may be of nutritional origin. Genetic and phenotypic correlations between yield traits were also reduced appreciably after records were corrected for feed intake. Genetic relationships between milk, fat and protein yield may not be as great as commonly believed.

The effect of trans- 10, cis- 12 conjugated linoleic acid on milk fat synthesis in lactating sheep

2005 ◽  
Vol 2005 ◽  
pp. 92-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Sinclair ◽  
A. L. Lock ◽  
J. W. Perfield ◽  
B. M. Teles ◽  
D. E. Bauman
Keyword(s):  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Potent Inhibitor ◽  
Curvilinear Relationship ◽  
Fat Synthesis ◽  
Fat Yield ◽  
Protein Output ◽  
Milk Fat Synthesis

Trans- 10, cis- 12 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), a biohydrogenation intermediate produced in the rumen, is a potent inhibitor of milk fat synthesis. Data from a number of studies where various doses of trans -10, cis -12 CLA have been abomasally infused demonstrate a curvilinear relationship between the percent reduction in milk fat yield and both the dose of trans- 10, cis- 12 CLA infused and the milk fat content of trans- 10, cis- 12 CLA. In addition to a reduction in milk fat output, under some circumstances an increase in milk yield and milk protein output are observed. To date, there has been no examination of the effects of trans- 10, cis- 12 CLA on milk fat synthesis in lactating sheep. The current study was therefore designed to determine if trans- 10, cis- 12 CLA would inhibit milk fat synthesis in lactating sheep. In order to test the effectiveness of trans- 10, cis- 12 CLA in inhibiting milk fat synthesis we used a lipid-encapsulated trans- 10, cis- 12 CLA supplement (LE-CLA) as a means to provide the trans- 10, cis- 12 CLA isomer post-ruminally.

Effect of body condition at calving and level of feeding in early lactation on milk production of dairy cows

1982 ◽  
Vol 22 (115) ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Grainger ◽  
GD Wilhelms ◽  
AA McGowan
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Feeding Management ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Degree Of Confidence

Two experiments were carried out to measure effects of body condition at calving and different levels of feeding after calving on milk and subsequent reproduction.In experiment 1, which was conducted in two consecutive years, 162 cows (77 in year 1 and 85 in year 2) were group feed so as to reach a target body condition (condition scores ranging from 3-6) four weeks before calving. During the last four weeks before calving, all cows were managed so as to maintain their individual condition scores. At calving, cows in similar condition of similar breed and with similar previous milk production were allocated to high and low levels of feeding at pasture for the first five weeks of lactation. Mean pasture intakes were 13.0 and 7.0kg dry matter (DM)/cow.d in year 1 and 15.0 and 8.5 kg DM/cow.d in year 2In experiment 2, 40 cows were offered pasture and hay from 20 weeks before calving to achieve a body condition score of either 4 or 6 by two weeks before calving. During the first five weeks of lactation, cows were individually fed in stalls on freshly cut pasture at one of three levels of intake, 7 or 10 kg DM/cow.d or .In both experiments cows were grazed as one group from week 6 to 20 of lactation.Improved body condition at calving resulted in an extra 4.0, 11.0 and 7.4 kg milk fat per unit condition score over 20 weeks of lactation, for year 1 and 2 of experiment 1, and experiment 2, respectively. Cows in poorer condition partitioned a higher proportion of feed energy to liveweight at the expense of milk production than did the cows in better condition. However, increasing the plane of nutrition in early lactation resulted in higher levels of milk production and reduced the need for cows to mobilize bodyreserves. Improved body condition at calving had a positive effect on milk fat percentage, particularly in early lactation, but did not affect milk protein percentage. Input-output relations calculated from the experimental data showed that the benefit sf to improve body condition before calving was less than that of additional feeding after calvin changes in the condition of the cows were taken into consideration (25.8 vs 1 4.6 kg DM to yi kilogram of milkfat). Improvements in condition and feeding in early lactation reduced the anoestrus interval after calving by 5.7 d for each additional condition score at calving and 1. d for each additional kgDM/cow.d fed over weeks 1-5 of lactation. The input-output relations resented will enable farmers to assess the likely consequenes of changes in their feeding management in the crucial peripartum period with a greater degree of confidence than in the past.

Effect of gluconic acid on piglet growth performance, intestinal microflora, and intestinal wall morphology1

2006 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 370-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Biagi ◽  
A. Piva ◽  
M. Moschini ◽  
E. Vezzali ◽  
F. X. Roth
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Gluconic Acid ◽  
Intestinal Microflora ◽  
Intestinal Wall ◽  
Piglet Growth

scholarly journals 372 Dam body condition during lactation influences piglet growth and maturation pre-finishing

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 139-140
Author(s):  
Lea A Rempel ◽  
Brittney N Keel ◽  
William T Oliver ◽  
Wells James ◽  
Clay Lents ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Pubertal Development ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Caliper Measurement ◽  
Finishing Pig ◽  
Breeding Selection ◽  
Age At Puberty ◽  
Piglet Growth

Abstract We previously reported, piglets reared by fat sows, weighed less during lactation, but were heavier by 45 d of age in comparison to piglets reared by thin or moderate sows. The objective of the current study was to evaluate weight and body condition during pre-finishing and age at puberty of gilts in relation to body condition of their dams at weaning. Eight weekly farrowing seasons (parities 1–4, n = 157 litters) were used to evaluate sow body condition (weaning) and piglet growth. Sows were categorized as thin, moderate, or fat by last rib caliper measurement at weaning. Individual pig weights were recorded at approximately 100 and 145 d of age. Additionally at 145 d of age, 10th rib backfat and loin eye were measured on a subset (n = 567) of pigs and first estrus was monitored in gilts reserved for breeding selection (n = 176). Pigs reared by fat sows tended (P &lt; 0.10) to be heavier at 145 d of age (90.6 ± 0.75 kg) when compared to pigs reared by thin or moderate sows (89.0 ± 1.48 kg and 88.5 ± 0.82 kg, respectively). Tenth rib backfat during finishing was not different in pigs reared by fat or thin sows (10.0 ± 0.09 mm and 9.8 ± 0.27 mm, respectively); and tended (P &lt; 0.10) to be less in pigs reared by moderate sows (9.7 ± 0.09 mm) than in pigs from fat sows. Tenth rib loin eye area was similar. Gilts developed in litters from thin sows tended (P &lt; 0.10) to have an early age at puberty in contrast to gilts from moderate or fat sows (182.5 ± 3.82 d vs 189.7 ± 2.49 d and 192.2 ± 1.94 d, respectively). Body condition of sows at weaning did not adversely affect pre-finishing pig growth, however pubertal development was improved in gilts from thin sows.

scholarly journals An assessment of the influence of macronutrients on growth performance and nutrient utilisation in broiler chickens by nutritional geometry

2016 ◽  
Vol 116 (12) ◽  
pp. 2129-2138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia Y. Liu ◽  
Peter H. Selle ◽  
David Raubenheimer ◽  
David J. Cadogan ◽  
Stephen J. Simpson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Nutrient Utilisation

AbstractThe right-angled triangle mixture experiment was designed to include fourteen diets with different concentrations of starch, protein and lipid. Experimental diets were offered to male Ross 308 broiler chickens from 10 to 23 d after hatching, and response curves and surfaces were generated to illustrate the influence of macronutrients on growth performance and nutrient utilisations. Despite the primary function of macronutrients, especially protein, may not be providing energy, macronutrients were expressed as energy derived from starch, protein and fat for statistical purposes in the mixture design. Energy derived from lipid had a greater impact on feed intake than energy derived from starch and protein. When we compared the influence of starch and protein on feed intake, ‘equal distance rule’ was observed, which means the animal consumes feed to the point on its respective nutritional rails where the shortage of starch exactly equals the surplus of consumed protein. Increasing the protein-derived energy intake increased weight gain in broiler chickens, whereas energy intake derived from starch and lipid had little impact on weight gain. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) may be reduced by either increasing protein energy intake or decreasing starch energy intake. As the slope of the contours was less than 1, the influence of starch energy intakes on FCR exceeded that of protein energy intakes. In conclusion, energy derived from protein is more important than non-protein energy in terms of weight gain, and a balance between protein and energy supplies is required for efficient muscle protein deposition.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document