Annual record of particle fluxes, geochemistry and diatoms in Effingham Inlet, British Columbia, Canada, and the impact of the 1999 La Niña event

2013 ◽  
Vol 337 ◽  
pp. 20-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice S. Chang ◽  
Miriam A. Bertram ◽  
Tara Ivanochko ◽  
Stephen E. Calvert ◽  
Audrey Dallimore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
La Niña ◽  
La Nina ◽  
Particle Fluxes ◽  
La Nina Event ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Effingham Inlet

scholarly journals Monthly anomalies of sea surface chlorophyll-a concentration in the Khanh Hoa waters of Vietnam related to ENSO phenomenon

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-245
Author(s):  
Van Tac Vu
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
La Niña ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Concentration Data ◽  
Chlorophyll A Concentration ◽  
La Nina ◽  
Average Variation ◽  
La Nina Event ◽  
The Impact

Based on the monthly averaged sea surface chlorophyll-a concentration data continuously for more than 17 years (Jul. 2002–Dec. 2019), the analyzed results show that the averaged chlorophyll-a concentration in Khanh Hoa waters was 0.58 mg/m3, and the monthly average variation was ± 0.14 mg/m3 (that is equivalent to about ± 24%). Under the impact of ENSO phenomena, in the years when the double La Niña events occurred (two consecutive years in the La Nina event occurs), the chlorophyll-a anomaly index fluctuated from -0.99 mg/m3 to 1.62 mg/m3. These are very strong fluctuation levels, corresponding to the decrease or increase in chlorophyll-a concentration from 86% to 279%. In the El Niño years, the fluctuations of chlorophyll-a concentration were little affected unless the two previous years in which the double La Niña event occurred. These fluctuations have significantly impact nutritional resources and water quality because chlorophyll-a concentration is one of the key indices in studying the health status of any natural marine ecosystem. In addition, chlorophyll-a concentration in Khanh Hoa waters often varies between seasons. The averaged chlorophyll-a concentration reaches its maximum value in the winter, then decreases gradually in the spring and usually reaches the minimum value in the summer, then rises gradually again in the autumn.

Modelling the impact of a La Niña event on a South West Pacific Lagoon

2012 ◽  
Vol 64 (8) ◽  
pp. 1596-1613 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Fuchs ◽  
C. Dupouy ◽  
P. Douillet ◽  
M. Caillaud ◽  
A. Mangin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
La Niña ◽  
West Pacific ◽  
La Nina ◽  
South West ◽  
La Nina Event ◽  
The Impact

The Impact of ENSO on Wave Breaking and Southern Annular Mode Events

2010 ◽  
Vol 67 (9) ◽  
pp. 2854-2870 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tingting Gong ◽  
Steven B. Feldstein ◽  
Dehai Luo
Keyword(s):  
El Niño ◽  
Wave Breaking ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Southern Annular Mode ◽  
La Niña ◽  
Background Flow ◽  
Austral Spring ◽  
Annular Mode ◽  
La Nina ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This study examines the relationship between intraseasonal southern annular mode (SAM) events and the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) using daily 40-yr ECMWF Re-Analysis (ERA-40) data. The data coverage spans the years 1979–2002, for the austral spring and summer seasons. The focus of this study is on the question of why positive SAM events dominate during La Niña and negative SAM events during El Niño. A composite analysis is performed on the zonal-mean zonal wind, Eliassen–Palm fluxes, and two diagnostic variables: the meridional potential vorticity gradient, a zonal-mean quantity that is used to estimate the likelihood of wave breaking, and the wave breaking index (WBI), which is used to evaluate the strength of the wave breaking. The results of this investigation suggest that the background zonal-mean flow associated with La Niña (El Niño) is preconditioned for strong (weak) anticyclonic wave breaking on the equatorward side of the eddy-driven jet, the type of wave breaking that is found to drive positive (negative) SAM events. A probability density function analysis of the WBI, for both La Niña and El Niño, indicates that strong anticyclonic wave breaking takes place much more frequently during La Niña and weak anticyclonic wave breaking during El Niño. It is suggested that these wave breaking characteristics, and their dependency on the background flow, can explain the strong preference for SAM events of one phase during ENSO. The analysis also shows that austral spring SAM events that coincide with ENSO are preceded by strong stratospheric SAM anomalies and then are followed by a prolonged period of wave breaking that lasts for approximately 30 days. These findings suggest that the ENSO background flow also plays a role in the excitation of stratospheric SAM anomalies and that the presence of these stratospheric SAM anomalies in turn excites and then maintains the tropospheric SAM anomalies via a positive eddy feedback.

scholarly journals The Impact of Obliquity Change on El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and La Niña Climate Episodes

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul C. Rivera
Keyword(s):  
El Niño ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Global Climate Model ◽  
La Niña ◽  
El Niño Southern Oscillation ◽  
El Nino Southern Oscillation ◽  
La Nina ◽  
The Impact

An alternative physical mechanism is proposed to describe the occurrence of the episodic El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and La Nina climatic phenomena. This is based on the earthquake-perturbed obliquity change (EPOCH) model previously discovered as a major cause of the global climate change problem. Massive quakes impart a very strong oceanic force that can move the moon which in turn pulls the earth’s axis and change the planetary obliquity. Analysis of the annual geomagnetic north-pole shift and global seismic data revealed this previously undiscovered force. Using a higher obliquity in the global climate model EdGCM and constant greenhouse gas forcing showed that the seismic-induced polar motion and associated enhanced obliquity could be the major mechanism governing the mysterious climate anomalies attributed to El Nino and La Nina cycles.

scholarly journals EL NINO, LA NINA, DAN PENAWARAN PANGAN DI JAWA, INDONESIA

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 257
Author(s):  
Arini Wahyu Utami ◽  
Jamhari Jamhari ◽  
Suhatmini Hardyastuti
Keyword(s):  
El Niño ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Regression Function ◽  
La Niña ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
La Nina ◽  
The Impact

Paddy and maize are two important food crops in Indonesia and mainly produced in Java Island. This research aimed to know the impact of El Nino and La Nina on paddy and maize farmer’s supply in Java. Cross sectional data from four provinces in Java was combined with time series data during 1987-2006. Paddy supply was estimated using log model, while maize supply used autoregressive model; each was estimated using two types of regression function. First, it included dummy variable of El Nino and La Nina to know their influence into paddy and maize supply. Second, Southern Oscillation Index was used to analyze the supply changing when El Nino or La Nina occur. The result showed that El Nino and La Nina did not influence paddy supply, while La Nina influenced maize supply in Java. Maize supply increased when La Nina occurred.

scholarly journals Rain on Our Parade: La Niña and the Impact of Climate Change on ‘Sunny’ Sydney

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-153
Author(s):  
Julia Miller
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
La Niña ◽  
Short Term ◽  
La Nina ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Weather And Climate ◽  
Cultural Interface ◽  
Established Norm ◽  
Natural Climate ◽  
The Impact

In 1963 Sydneysiders, having suffered four dismal summers in a row and wetter than usual weather during the 1950s, looked back to those lazy, hazy days of the summers of a distant past where the sky arched blue over the gleaming golden sand of the quintessential Australian beach. City dwellers in the dying months of 1963, worried by persistent rain and cool temperatures, concluded that soggy weather had become the established norm. More recent experiences of wet summers in Sydney have blamed this on La Niña—a short-term climate driver that brought heavy rains and flooding to many districts of eastern Australia. This article examines the impact of natural climate cycles on attitudes to weather in Sydney. It shows how an investigation of the cultural interface of weather and climate can illuminate attitudes that impact on our ability to plan for climate change into the future.

scholarly journals La Niña weather impacts dietary patterns and dietary diversity among children in the Peruvian Amazon

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Ramya Ambikapathi ◽  
Margaret N Kosek ◽  
Gwenyth O Lee ◽  
Maribel Paredes Olortegui ◽  
Benjamin Zaitchik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
La Niña ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Peruvian Amazon ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Social Strategies ◽  
La Nina ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objective: In 2011–2012, severe El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) conditions (La Niña) led to massive flooding and temporarily displacement in the Peruvian Amazon. Our aims were to examine the impact of this ENSO exposure on child diets, in particular: (1) frequency of food consumption patterns, (2) the amount of food consumed (g/d), (3) dietary diversity (DD), (4) consumption of donated foods, among children aged 9–36 months living in the outskirts of City of Iquitos in the Amazonian Peru. Design: This was a longitudinal study that used quantitative 24-h recall dietary data collection from children aged 9–36 months from 2010 to 2014 as part of the MAL-ED birth cohort study. Setting: Iquitos, Loreto, Peru. Participants: Two hundred and fifty-two mother–child dyads. Results: The frequency of grains, rice, dairy and sugar in meals reduced by 5–7 %, while the frequency of plantain in meals increased by 24 % after adjusting for covariates. ENSO exposure reduced girl’s intake of plantains and sugar. Despite seasonal fluctuations in the availability of fruits, vegetables and fish, DD remained constant across seasons and as children aged. However, DD was significantly reduced under moderate La Niña conditions by 0·32 (P < 0·05) food groups. Adaptive social strategies such as consumption of donated foods were significantly higher among households with girls. Conclusions: This is the first empirical study to show differential effect of the ENSO on the dietary patterns of children, highlighting differences by gender. Public health nutrition programmes should be climate- and gender-sensitive in their efforts to safeguard the diets of vulnerable populations.

The Asian summer monsoon response to the La Niña event of 2010

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milind Mujumdar ◽  
B. Preethi ◽  
T. P. Sabin ◽  
Karumuri Ashok ◽  
Sajjad Saeed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Summer Monsoon ◽  
Asian Summer Monsoon ◽  
La Niña ◽  
La Nina ◽  
Asian Summer ◽  
La Nina Event

Inorganic carbon in the central California upwelling system during the 1997–1999 El Niño–La Niña event

2002 ◽  
Vol 54 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 185-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.E Friederich ◽  
P.M Walz ◽  
M.G Burczynski ◽  
F.P Chavez
Keyword(s):  
El Niño ◽  
Inorganic Carbon ◽  
El Nino ◽  
La Niña ◽  
Central California ◽  
Upwelling System ◽  
La Nina ◽  
La Nina Event

scholarly journals Reexamining El Niño and Cholera in Peru: A Climate Affairs Approach

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iván J. Ramírez ◽  
Sue C. Grady ◽  
Michael H. Glantz
Keyword(s):  
El Niño ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
La Niña ◽  
Enso Cycle ◽  
Holistic View ◽  
La Nina ◽  
Cholera Epidemic ◽  
The Impact

Abstract In the 1990s Peru experienced the first cholera epidemic after almost a century. The source of emergence was initially attributed to a cargo ship, but later there was evidence of an El Niño association. It was hypothesized that marine ecosystem changes associated with El Niño led to the propagation of V. cholerae along the coast of Peru, which in turn initiated the onset of the epidemic in 1991. Earlier studies supported this explanation by demonstrating a relationship between elevated temperatures and increased cholera incidence in Peru; however, other aspects of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and their potential impacts on cholera were not investigated. Therefore, this study examines the relationship between El Niño and cholera in Peru from a holistic view of the ENSO cycle. A “climate affairs” approach is employed as a conceptual framework to incorporate ENSO’s multidimensional nature and to generate new hypotheses about the ENSO and cholera association in Peru. The findings reveal that ENSO may have been linked to the cholera epidemic through multiple pathways, including rainfall extremes, La Niña, and social vulnerability, with impacts depending on the geography of teleconnections within Peru. When the definition of an ENSO event is examined, cholera appears to have emerged either during ENSO neutral or La Niña conditions. Furthermore, the analysis herein suggests that the impact of El Niño arrived much later, possibly resulting in heightened transmission in the austral summer of 1992. In conclusion, a modified hypothesis with these new insights on cholera emergence and transmission in Peru is presented.

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