New variety of the Lychnis coronaria (L.) Murray Ex Desr. Malinovy Rassvet selected by FSBSI FSVC

Relevance and methodology. Lychnis coronaria is a perennial herbaceous plant with high decorative properties, with prolonged flowering in the second or third year of vegetation. The pubescent leaves form beautiful rosettes. The plant is undemanding to the growing conditions. The research material was the varietal population of Lychnis coronaria. The study was carried out in the open ground of the Moscow region (2014- 2021) on experimental plots of the flower crops sector of the FSBSI FSVC.Results. The most aligned form according to decorative features was identified – LC 1-21 with high seed productivity of inflorescences, decorative and winter hardiness. A variety testing and preliminary reproduction of a promising cultivar of Lychnis coronaria was carried out. This variety was transferred to the FSBI "State Export Commission" in 2021 under the name “Malinovy Rassvet”. Such signs as "plant height", "bush diameter", "number of ornamental shoots", "flower diameter" had a low or average variation value, which characterizes this sample as the most aligned. Thus, the cv. “Malinovy Rassvet” of Lychnis coronaria is recommended for cultivation and use for decorative purposes. The leaves and the bright color of the flowers provide a contrast to the perennial borders and flower beds. It looks good both in single and group plantings, as well as in cutting. It is grown as a short-lived perennial. The main advantages of the variety are the color fastness of flowers when burned out in the sun, resistance to diseases and pests, high seed productivity.

Variation of eurycomanone content within and among populations of E. apiculata A.W. Benn.

Information on the eurycomanone content of E. apiculata A.W. Benn from natural populations in Indonesia is unknown. This study aimed to assess the variation of eurycomanone content within and among populations of E. apiculata, determine the correlation of eurycomanone content with environmental factors, and determine the collection sites of genetic material for the establishment of the breeding base population of E. apiculata. The analysis of eurycomanone content was carried out using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. This study found that the highest eurycomanone content was observed in the Rumbio population (9.86 mg/g) and the lower value was observed in the Pokomo population (4.44 mg/g). The average variation of eurycomanone content within the population was 25.72%. The coefficient of eurycomanone differentiation among populations was 84.33%, indicating that the variation of eurycomanone content among populations of E. apiculata was higher than the variation of eurycomanone content within-population (15.67%). Pearson correlation of eurycomanone content with population environmental factors showed no significant correlation. Based on the eurycomanone content and clustering, the Rumbio population can be selected as a source of the genetic material of E. apiculata for eurycomanone production via the breeding program in the future.

Monthly anomalies of sea surface chlorophyll-a concentration in the Khanh Hoa waters of Vietnam related to ENSO phenomenon

Based on the monthly averaged sea surface chlorophyll-a concentration data continuously for more than 17 years (Jul. 2002–Dec. 2019), the analyzed results show that the averaged chlorophyll-a concentration in Khanh Hoa waters was 0.58 mg/m3, and the monthly average variation was ± 0.14 mg/m3 (that is equivalent to about ± 24%). Under the impact of ENSO phenomena, in the years when the double La Niña events occurred (two consecutive years in the La Nina event occurs), the chlorophyll-a anomaly index fluctuated from -0.99 mg/m3 to 1.62 mg/m3. These are very strong fluctuation levels, corresponding to the decrease or increase in chlorophyll-a concentration from 86% to 279%. In the El Niño years, the fluctuations of chlorophyll-a concentration were little affected unless the two previous years in which the double La Niña event occurred. These fluctuations have significantly impact nutritional resources and water quality because chlorophyll-a concentration is one of the key indices in studying the health status of any natural marine ecosystem. In addition, chlorophyll-a concentration in Khanh Hoa waters often varies between seasons. The averaged chlorophyll-a concentration reaches its maximum value in the winter, then decreases gradually in the spring and usually reaches the minimum value in the summer, then rises gradually again in the autumn.

Numerical Simulation of Steel Concrete Composite Floor System

This paper explores the ultimate strength of the composite floor system of structural steel concrete. ABAQUS, used to research non-linear competencies and ultimate load-carrying capability of such floor systems, developed the Finite Element Model (FEM) in 3-D. A comparison of computed values with experimental results has validated the proposed finite element model. The measured and experimental findings show a good match with an average variation of 10%. In parametric study effects of different sizes of shear studs on the ultimate strength of the floor system have been explored on full size specimens. Results show that an increase in height of the shear stud with the same diameter increases the ultimate strength of the floor system. An Increase in the diameter of the shear stud also increases the ultimate capacity of the floor system.

Electromagnetic Exposure Dosimetry Study on Two Free Rats at 1.8 GHz via Numerical Simulation

Normally, the impact of electromagnetic exposure on human health is evaluated by animal study. The biological effect caused by electromagnetic exposure on such experimental animals as rats has been proven to be dose-dependent. However, though the dose of radio frequency (RF) electromagnetic exposure described by the specific absorbing rate (SAR) on fixed rats has been relatively well-studied utilizing the numerical simulations, the dosimetry study of exposure on free rat is insufficient, especially in the cases of two or more free rats. Therefore, the present work focuses on the variation of SAR caused by the existence of neighboring free rat in the same cage. Here, infrared thermography was used to record the activity of the two free rats who lived in the same cage that mounted at the far-field region in the microwave darkroom for a duration of 48 h. Then, using image processing techniques, the relative positions and orientations of the two rats are identified, which are defined by three parameters, such as the relative distance (d), relative direction angle (α), and relative orientation angle (β). Using the simulation software XFdtd 7.3, the influence of d, α, and β on the whole-body average SAR (WB-avgSAR) of the rats exposed to 1.8 GHz electromagnetic wave was calculated and analyzed. Then, the average variation of WB-avgSAR of the two rats compared with that of a single rat within 48 h was calculated. The numerical simulation results showed that the relative posture position described by (d, α, and β) of the two rats affects their WB-avgSAR and leads to fluctuations at different positions. However, the variation rate of the 48-h-average WB-avgSAR was only 10.3%, which implied that the over-time average SAR of two or more rats can be roughly described by the WB-avgSAR of a single free rat, except when a real-time precise control of exposure dose is necessary.

STUDY ON FILLING PERFORMANCE OF HOLE FERTILIZATION DEVICE AND OPTIMIZATION OF CAVITY

Hole fertilization is an effective method to improve the utilization rate of chemical fertilizer. In order to improve the accuracy and stability of the amount of fertilizer discharging for the hole fertilization device, this paper proposed the method of rotary filling by notched disk, designed a hole fertilization device with notched disk, and completed the structure design of the device and cavity. Through the dynamic analysis of fertilizer particles in the process of fertilizer filling, this study found that the interface span of fertilizer cavity, the rotational speed of fertilizer disk, and the amount of fertilizer applied in each hole are the main factors affecting the performance of filling. Then, this study carried out the three-factor quadratic orthogonal rotation combination simulation test to optimize the structure of the cavity. The test used the discrete element method with interface span of fertilizer cavity, the rotational speed of fertilizer disk, and the amount of fertilizer applied in each hole as test factors and the accuracy and variation coefficient of filling amount as evaluation indexes. Results showed that the optimal performance was obtained when the cross section span of the cavity was 13.58°, the opening width was 29.56 mm, and the depth was 22.08 mm. The field validation showed that the average accuracy of filling amount per hole was 97.67%, and the average variation coefficient was 1.90%. The performance of fertilizer discharge satisfied the design requirements, and agreed with the law of the simulation results. The research results could provide a theoretical basis for the design of hole fertilization device and the improvement of filling performance.

Genetic Diversity of MHC B-F/B-L Region in 21 Chicken Populations

The chicken major histocompatibility complex (MHC) on chromosome 16 is the most polymorphic region across the whole genome, and also an ideal model for genetic diversity investigation. The MHC B-F/B-L region is 92 kb in length with high GC content consisting of 18 genes and one pseudogene (Blec4), which plays important roles in immune response. To evaluate polymorphism of the Chinese indigenous chickens as well as to analyze the effect of selection to genetic diversity, we used WaferGen platform to identify sequence variants of the B-F/B-L region in 21 chicken populations, including the Red Jungle Fowl (RJF), Cornish (CS), White Leghorns (WLs), 16 Chinese domestic breeds, and two well-known inbred lines 63 and 72. A total of 3,319 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) and 181 INDELs in the B-F/B-L region were identified among 21 populations, of which 2,057 SNPs (62%) and 159 INDELs (88%) were novel. Most of the variants were within the intron and the flanking regions. The average variation density was 36 SNPs and 2 INDELs per kb, indicating dramatical high diversity of this region. Furthermore, BF2 was identified as the hypervariable genes with 67 SNPs per kb. Chinese domestic populations showed higher diversity than the WLs and CS. The indigenous breeds, Nandan Yao (NY), Xishuangbanna Game (XG), Gushi (GS), and Xiayan (XY) chickens, were the top four with the highest density of SNPs and INDELs. The highly inbred lines 63 and 72 have the lowest diversity, which might be resulted from a long-term intense selection for decades. Collectively, we refined the genetic map of chicken MHC B-F/B-L region, and illustrated genetic diversity of 21 chicken populations. Abundant genetic variants were identified, which not only strikingly expanded the current Ensembl SNP database, but also provided comprehensive data for researchers to further investigate association between variants in MHC and immune traits.

A Research on the Determination of Phenological and Molecular Characterization in Open-pollinated Genotypes in Walnut

This research was carried out to reveal the phenological and genetic differences between the S-1/1 walnut genotype and 94 F1 genotypes obtained from this genotype with each other and with the maternal parent. In the phenological observations made, it was observed that bud burst in genotypes took 52 days, leafing 50 days, leaf yellowing 31 days, and defoliation date 27 days. When the maternal parent (S-1/1) and the genotypes were compared, it was found that there was a phenological variation of 75.54 % in budburst, 73.41 % in the leafing, 34.05 % in leaf yellowing, and 93.62 % in defoliation date, while the average variation was 69.15 %. In molecular genetic analyzes, 7 ISSR primers were used to determine genetic variations, as a result, 7 monomorphic and 45 polymorphic bands were obtained, and the rate of polymorphism was found to be 86.53 %. The average number of alleles was calculated to be 7.42. In genotypes, the polymorphism information content (PIC) value varied between 0.48 and 0.95, while the average PIC value was calculated to be 0.73. As a result of cluster analysis, it was seen that genotypes were divided into 2 main clusters and 2 subsets. At the end of the study, it was determined that the S-1/1 walnut genotype and F1 genotypes obtained from this genotype have a significant variation both phenologically and genetically.

First Principle Research on Ga Rich GaAs0.5P0.5(001) β2(4×2) and As(P) rich β2(2×4) Reconstruction Surfaces With and Without Cs Adsorption

Based on first principle calculations, Ga rich and As(P) rich clean GaAs0.5P0.5(001) reconstruction surfaces and adsorbed surfaces with 0.125ML coverage of Cs at different sites are researched. Formation energy of Ga rich GaAs0.5P0.5(001) β2(4×2) reconstruction surface is smaller than that of As(P) rich one, and the work functions of Ga rich β 2 (4×2) and As(P) rich β2(2×4) surfaces are 4.657 eV and 5.187 eV, respectively. The adsorption energies of Cs adatoms on both surfaces are negative, showing that Cs adsorption is a stable exothermic process. The work functions of two surfaces both decrease after Cs adsorption, and the average variation of As(P) rich β2(2×4) surface is larger. Mulliken charge analysis shows that Cs adatoms transfer electrons to GaAsP substrate, resulting in Cs-GaAsP dioples which lower the work functions. When Cs atoms are located at D 2 of Ga rich surface and D 2 ' of As(P) rich surface, work function values of the two reconstruction surfaces reach the minimums, which are 2.834eV and 2.859eV, respectively. By calculating dipole moments, it can be found that Cs adatoms on the topmost layer form larger effective dipole moments with GaAsP substrate than the Cs atoms located in the trench.

Enhancing the Structural Strength for Injection Molding Tooling With Conformal Cooling Channels Using ANSYS Software

Injection molding of wax patterns faces increasing demands for production rate. Proper thermal management of the injection molding tooling is capable of improving the production rate. Precise temperature control is a key to shorten the cooling time using the conformal cooling channels which are conformal to the molding cavity. However, the service life of the injection molding tooling with cooling channels will reduce significantly because the structural strength will reduce obviously. In this study, the feasibility of applying the increase in the mold thickness to maintain the structural strength of the injection molding tooling with cooling channels was verified through simulation and experiments conducted. It was found that the average variation between the results of simulation and the experiment is about 24.9%. The approximately amount of the increase in the thickness required for different diameters of cooling channels can be determined according to the trend equation of y=1.3429x-2.3429. The results can provide a reference for the conformal cooling channel design.