Mechanical properties and failure modes of recycled polypropylene/microcrystalline cellulose composites

The mechanical and flame properties of polypropylene/ microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) composites containing different loading of aluminium hydroxide (ATH) nanoparticles from 3 to 20wt% was studied. Maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MAPP) was used as a coupling agent in the composites. The mechanical properties of PP/MCC composites were characterized by tensile and impact tests while the flame properties were evaluated by UL-94 and oxygen index tests. It was shown that the addition of ATH improved the mechanical and flame resistance properties PP/MCC composites, mainly in the composites with MAPP. Fracture surface observations in samples with MAPP show better dispersion and adhesion of fillers (MCC and ATH). Flame retardancy also enhanced along with the ATH loading.

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Performance Properties of Irradiated Recycled Polypropylene as a Compatibilizer in Recycled Polypropylene/Microcrystalline Cellulose Composites

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.894.62 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 894 ◽

pp. 62-65 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Noorasikin Samat ◽

Nurul Hakimah Mohd Lazim ◽

S.N.R. Motsidi ◽

Noor Azlina Hassan

Keyword(s):

Thermal Stability ◽

Electron Beam ◽

Microcrystalline Cellulose ◽

Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽

Screw Extruder ◽

Recycled Polypropylene ◽

Cellulose Composites ◽

Degradation Tests ◽

Twin Screw ◽

Surface Observations

Effects of irradiated rPP compatibilizer, on the mechanical and thermal properties of recycled polypropylene/microcrystalline cellulose composites (rPP/MCC), are investigated. rPP is irradiated with an electron beam at dosages ranging from 10, 20, 30 to 50kGy. A matrix, containing of unirradiated and irradiated rPP (50:50 by ratio), is then added to 5, 20 and 40wt% MCC fibres. The composites are prepared using a twin screw extruder, followed by injection moulding. The properties are then characterized using tensile and thermal degradation tests. The improvement of Young’s modulus by up to about 45% suggests a compatibilising effect of the irradiated rPP. Fracture surface observations reveal an adhesion between rPP matrix and MCC fibres. However, the thermal stability deteriorated with the addition of MCC and irradiated rPP.

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Effect of Fiber Loading on the Chemical, Structural and Mechanical Properties of 3D Printed Polylactic Acid/Abaca Microcrystalline Cellulose Composites

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1041.3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1041 ◽

pp. 3-9

Author(s):

Cyron L. Custodio ◽

Joel M. Cabañero ◽

Marissa A. Paglicawan ◽

Blessie A. Basilia

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Microcrystalline Cellulose ◽

Fused Deposition Modeling ◽

Cellulose Fiber ◽

Poly Lactic Acid ◽

Matrix Composites ◽

Fiber Loading ◽

Fused Deposition ◽

Cellulose Composites ◽

3D Printed

In an attempt to improve the physical properties of 3D printed poly lactic acid (PLA), this study aims to develop a microcrystalline cellulose fiber and observe the effects of fiber loading on the PLA/cellulose composites to the composition, crystallinity, morphology, and tensile properties of the resulting 3D printed material. Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) have been extracted from indigenous raw abaca fibers and used as the fiber reinforcement for the PLA matrix. Composites of 1 and 3 wt% MCC fibers with PLA were processed using the twin-screw extruder to produce filaments. The resulting composite filaments were 3D printed utilizing the fused deposition modeling technology. FTIR, XRD, digital microscopy, and mechanical testing were used in characterizing the various 3D printed PLA/MCC composite. With the incorporation of cellulose, the PLA/MCC had up to 32% increase in tensile strength and 43% increase in modulus at just 3 wt% fiber loading due to the inherent high modulus of abaca cellulose. The MCC significantly influences the chemical, structural and mechanical properties of the 3D printed PLA/MCC composites.

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Crystallinity and Mechanical Properties of Nylon66-Microcrystalline Cellulose Composites

Polymer Korea ◽

10.7317/pk.2021.45.2.236 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 45 (2) ◽

pp. 236-245

Author(s):

Jae Gyeong Lee ◽

Yongju Kim ◽

Young Dong Lee ◽

Hyeok Jun Yoon ◽

Jeong Eun Park ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Microcrystalline Cellulose ◽

Cellulose Composites

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Effects of electron beam radiation dose on the compatibilization behaviour in recycled polypropylene/microcrystalline cellulose composites

IOP Conference Series Materials Science and Engineering ◽

10.1088/1757-899x/290/1/012034 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 290 ◽

pp. 012034 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

N Samat ◽

S N R Motsidi ◽

N H M Lazim

Keyword(s):

Electron Beam ◽

Radiation Dose ◽

Microcrystalline Cellulose ◽

Beam Radiation ◽

Electron Beam Radiation ◽

Recycled Polypropylene ◽

Cellulose Composites

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Effect of Coupling Agent on Mechanical Properties of Composite from Microcrystalline Cellulose and Recycled Polypropylene

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.576.390 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 576 ◽

pp. 390-393 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

J. Awanis ◽

S. Anis Sofia ◽

Noorasikin Samat

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Maleic Anhydride ◽

Impact Strength ◽

Flexural Strength ◽

Microcrystalline Cellulose ◽

Coupling Agent ◽

Impact Test ◽

Flexural Test ◽

Recycled Polypropylene ◽

The Impact

This study shows the effect of using 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APS) and maleic anhydride-grafted polypropylene (MAPP) as coupling agent on composite of RPP/MCC fiber. The compositions of MCC were varied from 0, 2, 4, 8 and 12 wt%. The compounded samples were prepared into test specimens by using injection moulding. The RPP/MCC composites with and without the coupling agent were characterized through mechanical testing of flexural and impact test. The incorporation of the modified MCC was found to increase the modulus and flexural strength. The flexural test indicates that the addition of 4 wt% MCC-APS and 8 wt% MCC-MAPP significantly increased the flexural strength of the RPP composite compared to the unmodified MCC. The impact test shows higher impact strength at 4 wt% of RPP/MCC-APS and 2 wt% of RPP/MCC-MAPP, respectively.

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Experimental Analysis of the Enzymatic Degradation of Polycaprolactone: Microcrystalline Cellulose Composites and Numerical Method for the Prediction of the Degraded Geometry

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14092460 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (9) ◽

pp. 2460

Author(s):

Jacob Abdelfatah ◽

Rubén Paz ◽

María Elena Alemán-Domínguez ◽

Mario Monzón ◽

Ricardo Donate ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Experimental Data ◽

Mechanical Properties ◽

Mass Loss ◽

Numerical Method ◽

Microcrystalline Cellulose ◽

Iterative Process ◽

Enzymatic Degradation ◽

Degradation Rate ◽

The Monte Carlo Method ◽

Cellulose Composites

The degradation rate of polycaprolactone (PCL) is a key issue when using this material in Tissue Engineering or eco-friendly packaging sectors. Although different PCL-based composite materials have been suggested in the literature and extensively tested in terms of processability by material extrusion additive manufacturing, little attention has been paid to the influence of the fillers on the mechanical properties of the material during degradation. This work analyses the possibility of tuning the degradation rate of PCL-based filaments by the introduction of microcrystalline cellulose into the polymer matrix. The enzymatic degradation of the composite and pure PCL materials were compared in terms of mass loss, mechanical properties, morphology and infrared spectra. The results showed an increased degradation rate of the composite material due to the presence of the filler (enhanced interaction with the enzymes). Additionally, a new numerical method for the prediction of the degraded geometry was developed. The method, based on the Monte Carlo Method in an iterative process, adjusts the degradation probability according to the exposure of each discretized element to the degradation media. This probability is also amplified depending on the corresponding experimental mass loss, thus allowing a good fit to the experimental data in relatively few iterations.

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