The relationship between nutrition and frailty: Effects of protein intake, nutritional supplementation, vitamin D and exercise on muscle metabolism in the elderly. A systematic review

BackgroundThere is conflicting evidence about the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and depression, and a systematic assessment of the literature has not been available.AimsTo determine the relationship, if any, between vitamin D deficiency and depression.MethodA systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies and randomised controlled trials was conducted.ResultsOne case-control study, ten cross-sectional studies and three cohort studies with a total of 31 424 participants were analysed. Lower vitamin D levels were found in people with depression compared with controls (SMD = 0.60,95% Cl 0.23–0.97) and there was an increased odds ratio of depression for the lowest v. highest vitamin D categories in the cross-sectional studies (OR = 1.31, 95% CI 1.0–1.71). The cohort studies showed a significantly increased hazard ratio of depression for the lowest v. highest vitamin D categories (HR=2.21, 95% CI 1.40–3.49).ConclusionsOur analyses are consistent with the hypothesis that low vitamin D concentration is associated with depression, and highlight the need for randomised controlled trials of vitamin D for the prevention and treatment of depression to determine whether this association is causal.

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Sedentary behaviors and psychological outcomes among older adults: a systematic review

Motricidade ◽

10.6063/motricidade.12223 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 73 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

André Ramalho ◽

João Petrica ◽

António Rosado

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Older Adults ◽

Depressive Symptomatology ◽

Well Being ◽

The Elderly ◽

Psychological Outcomes ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Sedentary Behaviours ◽

The Relationship ◽

Sedentary Activities

This systematic review aimed to synthesize the scientific evidence about the relationship between sedentary behaviours and various psychological outcomes in older adults. The study searches were conducted in the following databases: PubMed, PsycINFO, ISI Web of Knowledge and ScienceDirect. We selected 15 observational quantitative studies according to specific eligibility criteria. The data extraction was performed independently by different authors, including the evaluation of the risk of bias of the studies and the classification of the force of evidence. The results showed a tendency of showing no associations between the sedentary behaviours, the well-being and quality of life of the elderly. Concerning life satisfaction and perceived stress, it seems that active sedentary activities have positive effects on these indicators. Evidence has also suggested that some sedentary behaviours may help maintain some cognitive functions in the elderly population, namely in different types of memory. In other studies, it has been demonstrated a tendency that too much time in passive sedentary activities has been associated with depressive symptomatology. However, this review suggested that the evidence is not yet consistent in the relationship between the sedentary behaviours of the elderly and the indicators analysed, and more research is needed.

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Age-Related Changes in the 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Versus Parathyroid Hormone Relationship Suggest a Different Reason Why Older Adults Require More Vitamin D

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism ◽

10.1210/jc.2002-021064 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 88 (1) ◽

pp. 185-191 ◽

Cited By ~ 298

Author(s):

Reinhold Vieth ◽

Yasmin Ladak ◽

Paul G. Walfish

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Secondary Hyperparathyroidism ◽

Age Groups ◽

The Elderly ◽

Age Group ◽

Hydroxyvitamin D ◽

Age Related ◽

25 Hydroxyvitamin D ◽

The Relationship

Vitamin D requirements are thought to vary with age, but there is little comparative evidence for this. One goal in establishing a vitamin D requirement is to avoid secondary hyperparathyroidism. We studied 1741 euthyroid, thyroid clinic outpatients without evidence of calcium abnormalities, ranging in age from 19 to 97 yr, whose serum and urine had been analyzed for calcium, vitamin D, and parathyroid status. We found no effect of age on the 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentration associated with specific vitamin D intakes, and there was no relationship between 25(OH)D and 1,25hydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D]. In every age group, serum 1,25(OH)2D declined with increasing creatinine (P < 0.001). What changed with age included creatinine, which correlated with 25(OH)D (r = 0.146, P < 0.001) only in the youngest age group (19–50 yr) but not in the older age groups (P > 0.1). Creatinine did not correlate with PTH in the youngest age group, but the relationship became significant as age increased (e.g. for the elderly, r = 0.365, P < 0.001). Linear regression of log PTH vs. log 25(OH)D agreed with the natural shape of the relationship observed with scatterplot smoothing, and this showed no plateau in PTH as 25(OH)D increased. We compared PTH concentrations among age groups, based on 20 nmol/liter increments in 25(OH)D. Mean PTH in adults older than 70 yr was consistently higher than in adults younger than 50 yr (P < 0.05 by ANOVA and Dunnett’s t test). PTH levels of the elderly who had 25(OH)D concentrations greater than 100 nmol/liter matched PTH of younger adults having 25(OH)D concentrations near 70 nmol/liter. This study shows that all age groups exhibit a high prevalence of 25(OH)D insufficiency and secondary hyperparathyroidism. Older adults are just as efficient in maintaining 25(OH)D, but they need more vitamin D to produce the higher 25(OH)D concentrations required to overcome the hyperparathyroidism associated with their diminishing renal function.

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Relationship between cognition and frailty in elderly: A systematic review

Dementia & Neuropsychologia ◽

10.1590/1980-57642015dn92000005 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 110-119 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

Allan Gustavo Brigola ◽

Estefani Serafim Rossetti ◽

Bruna Rodrigues dos Santos ◽

Anita Liberalesso Neri ◽

Marisa Silvana Zazzetta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Search Strategy ◽

Web Of Science ◽

The Elderly ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Cognitive Domains ◽

The Subject ◽

The Relationship

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between cognition and frailty in the elderly. METHODS: A systematic review on the currently existing literature concerning the subject was carried out. The search strategy included LILACS, SCOPUS, SciELO, PsycINFO, PubMed and Web of Science databases. RESULTS: A total of 19 studies were selected for review, from which 10 (52.6%) were cross-sectional and 9 (47.4%) longitudinal, and the majority Brazilian. All of the studies established a link between cognition and frailty. There was a relationship between components of frailty and the cognitive domains. Risk of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), dementia and mortality were all evidenced in the relationship between frailty and cognitive impairment. CONCLUSION: The theory remains limited, but results show the variables that appear to be linked to cognition and frailty in elderly. This data can help in implementing actions to improve the quality of life among elderly.

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The relationship between serum vitamin D levels and breast cancer prognosis: A meta-analysis.

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2013.31.15_suppl.1521 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 31 (15_suppl) ◽

pp. 1521-1521

Author(s):

April Ann Nicole Rose ◽

Christine Elser ◽

Pamela Jean Goodwin

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Clinical Outcomes ◽

Survival Data ◽

Fixed Effects ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Serum Vitamin ◽

Vitamin D Levels ◽

The Relationship

1521 Background: Vitamin D (VitD) is a circulating hormone known to regulate gene transcription in breast cancer (BC) cells. The association between VitD and BC risk has been extensively studied. Until recently, however, the role of VitD in BC progression and its association with clinical outcomes among BC patients was poorly understood. To assess these new developments, a systematic review and meta-analysis was performed. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis by searching MEDLINE (1982 – 2012), ASCO, and SABCS for abstracts (2009 – 2012), with the following keywords: “breast cancer” and “prognosis” or “survival”, and “vitamin D” or ”calcitriol.” Abstracts were scrutinized for reports correlating serum VitD levels with breast cancer clinical outcomes, including: disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). Studies were included if serum VitD samples were taken shortly after diagnosis and survival data were reported. Meta-analyses were performed using an inverse-variance weighted fixed-effects model. Results: We identified 7 studies reporting correlative data between serum VitD levels and BC survival. These data included 4,885 patients evaluated for DFS and 3858 patients evaluated for OS. VitD-deficiency was defined as <30ng/mL, <20ng/mL, and <14ng/mL in 3, 3, and 1 studies, respectively, and was identified in an average of 48.1% of patients (range: 17.9-87.8%). VitD deficiency was associated with a pooled hazard ratio (HR) of 2.13 (CI: 1.64 - 2.78) and 1.76 (CI: 1.35 - 2.30) for DFS and OS, respectively. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first report of a meta-analysis of the relationship between serum VitD and BC prognosis. The prevalence of VitD-deficiency varied widely across studies and may reflect differences in geographic location, race, and rates of supplementation across patient populations. These findings support the hypothesis that VitD-deficient breast cancer patients have poorer clinical outcomes than VitD sufficient patients; but do not establish whether this relationship is causative. Further studies are warranted to investigate the possible protective effects of VitD supplementation on survival among VitD-deficient BC patients.

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Systematic Review of the Relationship between Vitamin D and Parkinson’s Disease

Journal of Parkinson s Disease ◽

10.3233/jpd-150615 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 29-37 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

Lisanne M. Rimmelzwaan ◽

Natasja M. van Schoor ◽

Paul Lips ◽

Henk W. Berendse ◽

Elisabeth M.W. Eekhoff

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

The Relationship

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The Relationship Between Low Serum Vitamin D Level and Early Dental Implant Failure: A Systematic Review

Cureus ◽

10.7759/cureus.21264 ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

Lujain Alsulaimani ◽

Abdullah Alqarni ◽

Ammar Almarghlani ◽

Mawadah Hassoubah

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Dental Implant ◽

Serum Vitamin ◽

Implant Failure ◽

Serum Vitamin D ◽

The Relationship ◽

Low Serum

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The relationship between serum vitamin D and fracture risk in the elderly: a meta-analysis

Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research ◽

10.1186/s13018-020-01603-y ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ning Wang ◽

Yungang Chen ◽

Jindou Ji ◽

Jinlei Chang ◽

Shengwen Yu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Fracture Risk ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Serum Vitamin ◽

The Elderly ◽

Serum Vitamin D ◽

The Relationship

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The Relationship between Diet and Frailty in Aging

Endocrine Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets ◽

10.2174/1871530320666200513083212 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (9) ◽

pp. 1373-1382

Author(s):

Lucia Gimeno-Mallench ◽

Elisa Sanchez-Morate ◽

Sergi Parejo-Pedrajas ◽

Cristina Mas-Bargues ◽

Marta Inglés ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Protein Intake ◽

Functional Foods ◽

Elderly Population ◽

The Elderly ◽

Health Span ◽

Nutritional Interventions ◽

Balanced Diet ◽

Age Related ◽

Stress Energy ◽

The Relationship

The increase in lifespan in the 20th century entails an increase in the elderly population. This brings a new challenge for society, causing people to have physical and mental limitations caused by age-related diseases, such as frailty. Frailty is clinically characterized by multisystem pathophysiological processes, such as chronic inflammation, immune activation, dysregulation of the musculoskeletal and endocrine systems, oxidative stress, energy imbalances, mitochondrial dysfunction, and sarcopenia. The elderly should consume energy in amounts close to those in what is currently accepted as a balanced diet. However, an increase in protein intake may be recommended for elderly people as long as there is no kidney damage. This increase could help fight the loss of muscle mass associated with age. Additionally, vitamin and mineral intakes are often insufficient in their diets. Therefore, the diet should be adapted not only to their age, but also to the pathologies associated with aging. Through these measures, we can reduce the prevalence of comorbidity and thereby increase health span. Therefore, both physical and nutritional interventions, including functional foods and nutraceuticals, should be taken into account.

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