Body composition and metabolic effects of a diet and exercise weight loss regimen on obese, HIV-infected women

Metabolism ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 55 (10) ◽  
pp. 1327-1336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen S. Engelson ◽  
Denise Agin ◽  
Sonjia Kenya ◽  
Galila Werber-Zion ◽  
Besa Luty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Diet And Exercise

Multimodal measurement of body composition change with diet- and exercise-induced weight loss in obese women

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-205
Author(s):  
A.R. Josse ◽  
S.A. Atkinson ◽  
M.A. Tarnopolsky ◽  
H. Azizian ◽  
J.K.G. Kramer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Composition Change ◽  
Body Composition Change ◽  
Diet And Exercise ◽  
Exercise Induced

scholarly journals Inflammatory Markers in Older Women with a History of Gestational Diabetes and the Effects of Weight Loss

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice S. Ryan
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Normal Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Diet And Exercise ◽  
Normal Glucose ◽  
History Of

The purpose of this study was to compare systemic inflammation in older women with a history of gestational diabetes (GDM) who developed impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) or type 2 diabetes (T2DM) to that in those with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) and to determine, in these women, the effect of weight loss (WL) induced by diet and exercise training on systemic inflammation and adipokine levels. This was a longitudinal clinical investigation of overweight/obese (BMI: 32 ± 1 kg/m2) women (59 ± 1 years) with a GDM history (n=19) who had normal glucose tolerance (NGT, n=7) or IGT/T2DM (n=12). Women completed 6 months of weight loss induced by diet and exercise and underwent VO2max, body composition, blood draw, glucose tolerance testing, and 2-hour hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps (40 mU·m−2·min−1). Glucose utilization (M) was 42% higher in the NGT group (P<0.05). CRP was two-fold higher in the IGT/T2DM group than that in the NGT group (P<0.01). Adiponectin levels were 59% higher in the NGT group than those in the IGT/T2DM group (P<0.01). IL-6sR was higher in the NGT group (P<0.01). The women lost body weight, body fat, visceral fat, and subcutaneous abdominal fat (P<0.001). Fasting glucose (P<0.05), fasting insulin, glucose, and insulin AUC decreased (all P<0.005) after the intervention. M increased by 21% (P<0.05). CRP (−16%) and TNFR1 (−6%) tended to decrease, whereas TNFα, IL-6, SAA, and adiponectin did not change in the group. In conclusion, older women with a history of GDM who have developed IGT or T2DM have higher CRP and reduced adiponectin levels despite similar BMI and total and abdominal obesity to those with NGT. Six months WL induced by diet and exercise improves body composition and increases insulin sensitivity without a significant modification of inflammatory markers and adiponectin levels.

scholarly journals Effects of Human Growth Hormone, Insulin-Like Growth Factor I, and Diet and Exercise on Body Composition of Obese Postmenopausal Women1

1998 ◽  
Vol 83 (5) ◽  
pp. 1477-1484 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Thompson ◽  
G. E. Butterfield ◽  
U. K. Gylfadottir ◽  
J. Yesavage ◽  
R. Marcus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
Factor I ◽  
Diet And Exercise ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Growth Factor I

To determine the effects of GH and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) administration, diet, and exercise on weight loss, body composition, basal metabolic rate (BMR), muscle strength, and psychological status, 33 moderately obese postmenopausal women (67.1 ± 5.2 yr) participated in a 12-week randomized, double blind study. Participants were placed on a diet that provided 500 Cal/day less than that needed for weight maintenance, and they walked 3 days and strength trained 2 days each week. Subjects also self-injected GH (0.025 mg/kg BW·day), IGF-I (0.015 mg/kg BW·day), a combination of these doses of GH and IGF-I, or placebo (P). Twenty-eight women completed the study, as five subjects dropped out due to intolerable side-effects (e.g. edema). Weight loss occurred in all groups, with the largest decrease occurring in the GH plus IGF-I group (5.6 ± 1.4 kg). Fat mass significantly decreased in all groups, with the largest losses observed in GH and GH plus IGF-I groups (6.3 ± 1.8 and 8.4 ± 2.8 kg, respectively). Despite weight loss, BMR was maintained in all groups. Muscle strength increased with training for all groups, and depression and anxiety scores decreased in groups receiving IGF-I. These data show that obese postmenopausal women can lose weight and fat without compromising fat free mass, BMR, or gains in muscle strength, and that GH and IGF-I given together may enhance fat loss over either given alone.

scholarly journals Low-Carbohydrate High-Fat Diet and Exercise: Effect of a 10-Week Intervention on Body Composition and CVD Risk Factors in Overweight and Obese Women—A Randomized Controlled Trial

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 110
Author(s):  
Thorhildur Ditta Valsdottir ◽  
Bente Øvrebø ◽  
Thea Martine Falck ◽  
Sigbjørn Litleskare ◽  
Egil Ivar Johansen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Diet And Exercise ◽  
Low Carbohydrate

We assessed the effect of weight-loss induced with a low-carbohydrate-high-fat diet with and without exercise, on body-composition, cardiorespiratory fitness and cardiovascular risk factors. A total of 57 overweight and obese women (age 40 ± 3.5 years, body mass index 31.1 ± 2.6 kg∙m−2) completed a 10-week intervention using a low-carbohydrate-high-fat diet, with or without interval exercise. An equal deficit of 700 kcal∙day−1 was prescribed, restricting diet only, or moderately restricting diet and adding exercise, producing four groups; normal diet (NORM); low-carbohydrate-high-fat diet (LCHF); normal diet and exercise (NORM-EX); and low-carbohydrate-high-fat diet and exercise (LCHF-EX). Linear Mixed Models were used to assess between-group differences. The intervention resulted in an average 6.7 ± 2.5% weight-loss (p < 0.001). Post-intervention % fat was lower in NORM-EX than NORM (40.0 ± 4.2 vs. 43.5 ± 3.5%, p = 0.024). NORM-EX reached lower values in total cholesterol than NORM (3.9 ± 0.6 vs. 4.7 ± 0.7 mmol/L, p = 0.003), and LCHF-EX (3.9 ± 0.6 vs. 4.9 ± 1.1 mmol/L, p = 0.004). Post intervention triglycerides levels were lower in NORM-EX than NORM (0.87 ± 0.21 vs. 1.11 ± 0.34 mmol/L, p = 0.030). The low-carbohydrate-high-fat diet had no superior effect on body composition, V˙O2peak or cardiovascular risk factors compared to a normal diet, with or without exercise. In conclusion, the intervention decreased fat mass, but exercise improved body composition and caused the most favorable changes in total cholesterol and triglycerides in the NORM-EX. Exercise increased cardiorespiratory fitness, regardless of diet.

A Structured Diet and Exercise Program Promotes Favorable Changes in Weight Loss, Body Composition, and Weight Maintenance

2011 ◽  
Vol 111 (6) ◽  
pp. 828-843 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard B. Kreider ◽  
Monica Serra ◽  
Kristen M. Beavers ◽  
Jen Moreillon ◽  
Julie Y. Kresta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Weight Maintenance ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Diet And Exercise

scholarly journals Effects of omega-3 supplementation in combination with diet and exercise on weight loss and body composition

2010 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 455-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura F DeFina ◽  
Lucille G Marcoux ◽  
Susan M Devers ◽  
Joseph P Cleaver ◽  
Benjamin L Willis
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Diet And Exercise

Diet and exercise. Its relationship with effect of weight loss and gain on body composition

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. e247
Author(s):  
M.C. Rodriguez Leal ◽  
I. Tinoco ◽  
R. Toro ◽  
B. Ruiz ◽  
C. Collado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Diet And Exercise

scholarly journals Influence of ADRB2 Gln27Glu and ADRB3 Trp64Arg polymorphisms on body weight and body composition changes after a controlled weight-loss intervention

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Szendrei ◽  
Domingo González-Lamuño ◽  
Teresa Amigo ◽  
Guan Wang ◽  
Yannis Pitsiladis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Endurance Strength ◽  
Diet And Exercise ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Physical Activity Recommendations

The β-2 and β-3 adrenergic receptors (ADRB2 and ADRB3) are thought to play a role in energy expenditure and lipolysis. However, the effects of the ADRB2 glutamine (Gln) 27 glutamic acid (glutamate) (Glu) and ADRB3 tryptophan (Trp) 64 arginine (Arg) polymorphisms on weight loss remain controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of these polymorphisms on changes in weight and body composition during a controlled weight-loss program. One hundred seventy-three healthy overweight and obese participants (91 women, 82 men) aged 18–50 years participated in a 22-week-long intervention based on a hypocaloric diet and exercise. They were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 groups: strength, endurance, strength and endurance combined, and physical activity recommendations only. Body weight, body mass index (BMI), and body composition variables were assessed before and after the intervention. Genetic analysis was carried out according to standard protocols. No effect of the ADRB2 gene was shown on final weight, BMI, or body composition, although in the supervised male group, Glu27 carriers tended to have greater weight (p = 0.019, 2.5 kg) and BMI (p = 0.019, 0.88 kg/m2) reductions than did noncarriers. There seems to be an individual effect of the ADRB3 polymorphism on fat mass (p = 0.004) and fat percentage (p = 0.036), in addition to an interaction with exercise for fat mass (p = 0.038). After the intervention, carriers of the Arg64 allele had a greater fat mass and fat percentage than did noncarriers (p = 0.004, 2.8 kg). In conclusion, the ADRB2 Gln27Glu and ADRB3 Trp64Arg polymorphisms may influence weight loss and body composition, although the current evidence is weak; however, further studies are necessary to clarify their roles.

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