Purified fish oil eliminating linoleic and alpha linolenic acid meets essential fatty acid requirements in rats

Metabolism ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 61 (10) ◽  
pp. 1443-1451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pei-Ra Ling ◽  
Mark Puder ◽  
Bruce R. Bistrian
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Essential Fatty Acid ◽  
Alpha Linolenic Acid

scholarly journals Fatty acid composition of commercially available nutrition supplements

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 241-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Staňková ◽  
L.S. Kremmyda ◽  
E. Tvrzická ◽  
A. Žák
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Borage Oil ◽  
Oil Composition ◽  
Alpha Linolenic Acid ◽  
Plant Oil ◽  
Evening Primrose ◽  
Soya Lecithin ◽  
Fa Composition

We analysed the fatty acid (FA) composition of plant and fish oil supplements available in the Czech Republic. Total lipid FA composition was analysed by gas chromatography. A total of 62 plant and 50 fish oil supplements were analysed. Their FA composition ranged widely. Linoleic acid was a dominant FA in soya lecithin (45–60%), evening primrose (65–75%), amaranth (20–50%), pumpkin seed (45–55%), and borage oil supplements (40%). α-Linolenic acid ranged between 2% and 8% in soya lecithin and from 0.2% to 1% in the majority of the other plant oil supplements. Saw palmetto oil supplements were rich in saturated FA (40–90%). γ-Linolenic acid was found in evening primrose and borage oil supplements (10–20%). Sea buckthorn oil composition varied according to the part of the plant used. The majority of fish oil supplements contained 12–23% of eicosapentaenoic and 7–17% of docosahexaenoic acids. Oil supplements may be beneficial for patients with metabolic disorders because of their FA as well as antioxidant and phytosterol content.  

scholarly journals A Study to Assess the Physio-Culinary Quality of Chia Seeds

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 119-123
Author(s):  
Shweta Singh
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Essential Fatty Acid ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Percentage Increase ◽  
Alpha Linolenic Acid ◽  
Organoleptic Evaluation ◽  
Nutrient Enhancement ◽  
Industry Applications

Chia (Salvia hispania l.), constitutes a potential alternative raw material and ingredient in food industry applications. Chia seeds are an abundant source of the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, α-linolenic acid. Alpha-linolenic acid is an essential fatty acid, which, through successive metabolic desaturation and elongation reactions gives rise to dha and epa. EPA and DHA are now widely recognised as having an important role in the prevention of coronary heart disease. Hence, to diversify the use of chia seeds, it was used to develop 4 products, a sweet, a savoury, a drink and a jam in both powdered and raw form. A panel of 25 members was chosen for organoleptic evaluation in order to find the most accepted quantity of chia in each of the products. Nutrition composition of each of these products was enhanced with the addition of chia seeds. Total protein, fat, phosphorous and dietary fibre was increased in all the final variations. The total moisture content of kiwi chia jam was increased due to the addition of chia seeds. Calcium content of chia gel and milk was chemically estimated. The findings showed a 40% increase in calcium content of chia gel as compared to milk. Kiwi chia jam was compared to standard kiwi jam to test the gelling capability of chia seed as an alternative to citric acid. Statistical average was used to see the percentage increase in terms of acceptability and nutrient enhancement from the basic recipe to the final product. Key words: chia seeds, potential raw material, essential fatty acid, chia gel.

Gamolenic acid in atopic eczema: ▾ epogam

1990 ◽  
Vol 28 (18) ◽  
pp. 69-70
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Essential Fatty Acid ◽  
Atopic Eczema ◽  
Conventional Treatment ◽  
Gamma Linolenic Acid ◽  
Evening Primrose

Epogam capsules (Scotia) contain oil from the seed of the evening primrose which is rich in the essential fatty acid linoleic acid and its metabolite gamolenic (gamma-linolenic) acid. Epogam is licensed for use to relieve symptoms in atopic eczema, and is claimed to act at a fundamental metabolic level in this disease. Conventional treatment of eczema is often unsatisfactory, and any claim of an advance must be taken seriously. How well founded are the claims made for Epogam?

scholarly journals Muscle Antioxidant Enzymes Activity and Gene Expression Are Altered by Diet-Induced Increase in Muscle Essential Fatty Acid (α-linolenic acid) Concentration in Sheep Used as a Model

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 723 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Ponnampalam ◽  
Vahid Vahedi ◽  
Khageswor Giri ◽  
Paul Lewandowski ◽  
Joe Jacobs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Annual Ryegrass ◽  
Alpha Linolenic Acid

This study investigated the effect of dietary manipulations on muscle fatty acid composition, the activities and relative mRNA expressions of antioxidant enzymes and the relationship between muscle enzyme activity or mRNA expression and alpha linolenic acid (ALA) concentration in sheep. Eighty-four lambs blocked on liveweight were randomly allocated to four dietary treatments, lucerne pasture (Lucerne), annual ryegrass pasture (Ryegrass), feedlot pellets (Feedlot) or annual ryegrass plus feedlot pellets (RyeFeedlot). After six weeks of feeding, lambs were slaughtered and within 30 min post-mortem, samples collected from the longissimus lumborum (LL) muscle for RNA isolation and measurement of antioxidant enzyme activities. At 24 h post-mortem, LL samples were collected for determination of fatty acid concentrations. Feedlot treatment decreased ALA, eicosapentaenoic (EPA), docosapentaenoic (DPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) concentrations compared with other treatments and increased linoleic acid (LA) and arachidonic acid (AA) compared with Lucerne and Ryegrass (p < 0.001). The activity of Glutathione peroxidase (GPX1, p < 0.001) and Superoxide dismutase (SOD2, p < 0.001) enzymes in the muscle increased with Lucerne compared to other treatments. Lucerne increased muscle gpx1 mRNA expression by 1.74-fold (p = 0.01) and 1.68-fold (p = 0.05) compared with Feedlot and other diets, respectively. The GPX1 (r2 = 0.319, p = 0.002) and SOD2 (r2 = 0.244, p = 0.009) enzyme activities were positively related to ALA. There was a positive linear relationship between muscle gpx1 (r2 = 0.102, p = 0.017) or sod2 (r2 = 0.049, p = 0.09) mRNA expressions and ALA concentration. This study demonstrates that diet can affect concentrations of ALA and other fatty acids as well as change activities and gene expression of antioxidant enzymes in muscle. Increased antioxidant activity may, in turn, have beneficial effects on the performance, health and wellbeing of animals and humans.

scholarly journals Recovery of Fatty Acid Composition in Mediterranean Yellowtail (Seriola dumerili, Risso 1810) fed a Fish-Oil Finishing Diet

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (14) ◽  
pp. 4871
Author(s):  
Francesco Bordignon ◽  
Silvia Martínez-Llorens ◽  
Angela Trocino ◽  
Miguel Jover-Cerdá ◽  
Ana Tomás-Vidal
Keyword(s):  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Docosahexaenoic Acid ◽  
Eicosapentaenoic Acid ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Fa Composition

The present study evaluated the effects of wash-out on the fatty acid (FA) composition in the muscles of Mediterranean yellowtail. After 109 days during which fish were fed either a fish oil (FO)-based diet (FO 100) or a diet (FO 0) in which FO was completely substituted by vegetable oils, all fish were subjected to a wash-out with FO 100 diet for 90 days. The FA profile of muscles in fish fed FO 0 diet at the beginning of the experiment reflected that of dietary vegetable oils, rich in linoleic acid (LA), and α-linolenic acid (ALA), and was deficient in AA (arachidonic acid), EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid), and DHA (docosahexaenoic acid). No essential FA were fully restored in fish previously fed FO 0 diet on 45th or 90th day of wash-out. At the end of wash-out, the FA composition showed that AA, EPA, and DHA in the white muscles increased by +33%, +16%, and +43% (p < 0.001), respectively. Similarly, AA and DHA in the red muscles increased by +33% and +41% respectively, while EPA remained similar to fish fed FO 0 diet exclusively. Therefore, a 90-d wash-out can partially improve the FA profile in muscles of Mediterranean yellowtail previously fed vegetable oil-based diets.

scholarly journals Poultry meat production as a functional food with a voluntary n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids ratio

2008 ◽  
Vol 52 (No. 7) ◽  
pp. 203-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Schneideroá ◽  
J. Zelenka ◽  
E. Mrkvicová
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Functional Food ◽  
The Other ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Alpha Linolenic Acid

We studied the effect of different levels of linseed oils made either of the flax cultivar Atalante with a high content of &alpha;-linolenic acid (612 g/kg) or of the cultivar Lola with a predominating content of linoleic acid (708 g/kg) in a chicken diet upon the fatty acid pattern in meat. Cockerels Ross 308 were fed the diets containing 1, 3, 5 or 7 per cent of oil in the last 15 days of fattening. Breast meat (BM) and thigh meat (TM) without skin of 8 chickens from each dietary group were used for analyses. The relative proportions of fatty acids were expressed as percentages of total determined fatty acids. When feeding Atalante oil, the proportions of n-6 fatty acids were highly significantly lower while those of n-3 fatty acids were higher; the ratio of n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in meat was narrower (<i>P</i> < 0.001) than in chickens fed oil with a low content of &alpha;-linolenic acid. In BM and TM, the relative proportions of &alpha;-linolenic and &gamma;-linolenic acids were nearly the same, the proportion of linoleic acid in BM was lower, and the proportions of the other polyunsaturated fatty acids in BM were higher than in TM. In BM, the ratio of n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids was significantly (<i>P</i> < 0.001) more favourable than that found in TM. The relative proportions of total saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids in meat decreased and those of polyunsaturated fatty acids increased significantly (<i>P</i> < 0.01) in dependence on the increasing level of dietary oils. When feeding Atalante oil, a significant increase in the proportion of linoleic acid in BM but not in TM was observed. The proportions of the other n-6 fatty acids decreased and those of all determined n-3 fatty acids, with the exception of docosahexaenoic acid, significantly increased with the increasing level of oil in the diet. When feeding Lola oil, its increasing content in the diet increased the relative proportion of linoleic acid as well as its elongation to &gamma;-linolenic acid; however, the proportions of arachidonic and adrenic acid did not change significantly (<i>P</i> > 0.05). The proportion of &alpha;-linolenic acid increased in both BM and TM. The proportion of eicosapentaenoic and clupanodonic acids in BM significantly decreased. The ratio of n-6 to n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids ranged from 0.9 to 13.6 and from 1.0 to 17.2 in BM and TM, respectively. An increase in the level of Lola oil in the diet by 1% caused that the n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid ratio extended by 1.00 and 1.19 units in BM and TM, respectively. Dependences of n-6/n-3 ratio on the level of Atalante oil were expressed by equations of convex parabolas with minima at the level of oil 5.8 and 5.9% for BM and TM, respectively. By means of the inclusion of linseed oil with a high content of &alpha;-linolenic acid in the feed mixture it would be possible to produce poultry meat as a functional food with a very narrow ratio of n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids.

scholarly journals The effect of dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (20: 3, n-6) on the composition of phospholipid fatty acids in the liver of rats deficient in essential fatty acids

1978 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Hassam ◽  
M. A. Crawford
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Essential Fatty Acid ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Phospholipid Fatty Acids ◽  
Phospholipid Fraction ◽  
Liver Phospholipid ◽  
Dietary Energy

1. Rats were fed on either a diet deficient in essential fatty acid (EFA) or one supplemented with dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (20:3,n-6) at levels that represented 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0% of the dietary energy.2. Supplementation of the diet of EFA-deficient animals with 20:3,n-6 reversed most of the fatty acid changes induced in the liver phospholipid fraction.3. The EFA potency of 20:3,n-6 was found to be similar to that of γ-linolenic acid (18:3,n-6) which has been shown to be higher than that of linoleic acid (18:2,n-6).

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