Determination of the trichothecene mycotoxin chemotypes and associated geographical distribution and phylogenetic species of the Fusarium graminearum clade from China

2007 ◽  
Vol 111 (8) ◽  
pp. 967-975 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing-Bo Zhang ◽  
He-Ping Li ◽  
Fu-Jun Dang ◽  
Bo Qu ◽  
Yu-Bin Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Phylogenetic Species ◽  
Trichothecene Mycotoxin

Review of species of the Stachys section Satureoides (Lamiaceae)

2018 ◽  
pp. 125-129
Author(s):  
T. V. Krestovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Corolla Tube ◽  
Infraspecific Taxa

On the base of a critical review of the material kept in the most of main European and some Asian Herbaria, a synopsis of the genus Stachys L. section Satureoides R. Bhattacharjee is given. The description of the section is enlarged (calyx 5–10(15)-veined, upper floral leaves often with short spinescent tip, stamens slightly exserted from the corolla tube). The section is represented by 4 species distributed in Turkey, Syria, Iraq and Iran. The keys for determination of its species and infraspecific taxa are compiled. The data on main synonyms, ecology, geographical distribution and types are given. The lectotypes of S. satureioides Montbret et Aucher ex Benth., S. ramosissima Montbret et Aucher ex Benth., S. burgsdorffioides (Benth.) Boiss. and S. burgsdorffioides subsp. ladanoides Hand.-Mazz. are designated.

The determination of the age of a clone from characteristics of its geographical distribution

1981 ◽  
Vol 18 (03) ◽  
pp. 725-731
Author(s):  
Aid An Sudbury ◽  
Peter Clifford
Keyword(s):  
Central Limit Theorem ◽  
Limit Theorem ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Central Limit ◽  
Large Distance ◽  
Mutant Clone ◽  
New Type ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Ancient Mutation

Each point with integer coordinates in d dimensions is occupied by one individual. These individuals produce offspring at a Poisson rate 1, and these offspring migrate and displace other individuals. With probability u (the mutation rate) an offspring is of an entirely new type. A number of points N 0 will be occupied by the same type as the individual at the origin. It is shown that the distribution of N 0 arising from an ancient mutation does not differ greatly from the distribution of N 0 when the mutation is recent. However, the geographical spread is shown to be important, and a central limit theorem is proved for the age of the mutant clone given that a representative is present at a large distance from the origin.

scholarly journals A Role for Topoisomerase I in Fusarium graminearum and F. culmorum Pathogenesis and Sporulation

2010 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 566-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas K. Baldwin ◽  
Martin Urban ◽  
Neil Brown ◽  
Kim E. Hammond-Kosack
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Topoisomerase I ◽  
Insertional Mutagenesis ◽  
Hyphal Growth ◽  
Single Copy ◽  
Forward Genetics ◽  
Host Responses ◽  
Trichothecene Mycotoxin ◽  
Gene Coding

Fusarium graminearum and F. culmorum are the causal agents of Fusarium ear blight (FEB) in wheat. A forward genetics approach was taken to discover novel pathogenicity genes in the genome of F. graminearum. A library of transformants created by random plasmid insertional mutagenesis was screened on wheat ears for virulence defects. Plasmid rescue on one of the reduced-virulence mutants revealed a single-copy plasmid insertion in the gene coding for the DNA interacting enzyme, topoisomerase I. Targeted topoisomerase I gene-deletion mutants were created in strains of both F. graminearum and F. culmorum. The top1 mutants of both species exhibited greatly reduced virulence in wheat ear infection assays (GO:0009405 and GO:0044145). Detailed microscopy analyses revealed that top1 hyphal growth was restricted to palea tissue whereas host responses were discernable 1,000 μm further away in the rachis node. Asexual sporulation was reduced in the F. graminearum mutants and was absent from the F. culmorum mutants. The F. graminearum mutant did not develop sexual spores when subjected to an in vitro perithecia production assay. During in vitro growth, the top1 mutants of both species were still able to produce the trichothecene mycotoxin, deoxynivalenol.

scholarly journals Geographic Distribution of Trichothecene Chemotypes of the Fusarium graminearum Species Complex in Major Winter Wheat Production Areas of China

Plant Disease ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 96 (8) ◽  
pp. 1172-1178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng-mei Shen ◽  
Ying-chun Hu ◽  
Hai-yan Sun ◽  
Wei Li ◽  
Jian-hua Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Yangtze River ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Yangtze River Basin ◽  
The Yangtze River ◽  
Phylogenetic Species ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum Species Complex ◽  
The Yangtze River Basin

Fusarium head blight, caused by members of the Fusarium graminearum species complex (FGSC), is among the most destructive and economically important diseases of small grain crops, including wheat. To determine the phylogenetic species and mycotoxin (trichothecene) chemotypes of the FGSC in the major winter-wheat-producing areas of China, 530 isolates were collected from diseased wheat during the years 2008, 2009, and 2010, and typed using a polymerase chain reaction-based trichothecene genotype assay. Virulence of isolates with different chemotypes was also compared. Of the 530 isolates typed, 348 were F. asiaticum and 182 were F. graminearum. Subdividing the 530 isolates by the trichothecene predicted to be expressed, 482 were of the deoxynivalenol (DON) chemotype and 48 were nivalenol (NIV). Acetylated derivatives of DON included 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3-AcDON; 300 isolates), and 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (15-AcDON; 182 isolates). Chemotypes of the F. asiaticum isolates were either 3-AcDON or NIV, with 3-AcDON being predominant. F. graminearum isolates were all of the 15-AcDON chemotype. F. asiaticum was the predominant phylogenetic species in the Yangtze River Basin and F. graminearum was dominant in the north of China. Two areas of co-occurrence of trichothecene chemotypes were found. The 3-AcDON and 15-AcDON isolates had similar levels of virulence. The DON isolates were significantly more virulent than those of the NIV. The 3-AcDON and 15-AcDON chemotypes were predominant in the Yangtze River Basin and areas north of the Yangtze River Basin, respectively, and it is suggested that geographic distribution is associated with differences in temperature as well as crop rotation systems.

The taxonomic status of the species of the genera Rhipicephalus Koch and Boophilus Curtice (Acarina: Ixodidae) occurring in Australia.

1965 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 491 ◽  
Author(s):  
FHS Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Taxonomic Study ◽  
Morphological Variations

A taxonomic study has been made of the species of Rhipicephalus Koch and Boophilus Curtice occurring in Australia. It was concluded that only one species of each genus is present and determination of these as R. sanguineus (Latreille) and B. microplus (Canestrini) respectively, was confirmed. A redescription is given of the male, female, nymph, and larva of each species based on Australian material, the morphological variations observed are noted, and the host range and geographical distribution are discussed.

scholarly journals Determination of the most susceptible phenological stage of rice panicles to infection by species of Fusarium graminearum

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-246
Author(s):  
Bruno Tabarelli Scheidt ◽  
Ricardo Trezzi Casa ◽  
Otávio Ajala Fiorentin ◽  
Flávio Chupel Martins ◽  
Paulo Kuhnem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Phenological Stage ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Phenological Stages ◽  
Progress Curve ◽  
Rice Hybrid ◽  
Rice Panicles

ABSTRACT Occurrence of rice seeds infected by Fusarium graminearum has shown the importance of identifying the most favorable phenological stage of panicles to grain infection. The experiments were conducted in two crop seasons under greenhouse conditions, using the rice hybrid INOV CL. The phenological stages during inoculation were complete booting, full heading and flowering. All plots were inoculated using two isolates of Fusarium graminearium species complex 15A (F. graminearium - 15-ADON) and FmNiv (F. meridionale - Nivalenol). Disease severity was estimated at weekly intervals and was used to calculate the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC), while panicles were collected to determine the percentage of spotted grains and Fusarium incidence. Percentage of spotted grains and incidence of F. graminearum and F. meridionale were greater when inoculation was made during flowering stage, significantly differing from heading and booting stages. Rice flowering stage is more susceptible to infection by F. graminearum and F. meridionale, inducing higher disease severity and incidence of spotted grains, as well as presence of fungi in the grains. Flowering was the most susceptible stage in the two crop seasons for both isolates, and the complete booting stage presented the lowest values of AUDPC.

scholarly journals Fusarium fujikuroi species complex in Brazilian rice: unveiling increased phylogenetic diversity and toxigenic potential

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila Primieri Nicolli ◽  
Miriam Haidukowskic ◽  
Antonia Susca ◽  
Larissa Bitencourt Gomes ◽  
Antonio Logrieco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Phylogenetic Diversity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fusarium Fujikuroi ◽  
Phylogenetic Species ◽  
Frequent Species ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
Fusarium Sp ◽  
Fusarium Fujikuroi Species Complex

Fusarium fujikuroi species complex (FFSC) species are commonly encountered infecting rice, but knowledge of the diversity and toxigenic potential of the species is lacking in Brazil, the largest rice-producing country outside Asia. One hundred FFSC isolates obtained from national rice were identified using morphology and phylogeny of TEF, CAL and TUB genes. Eight previously known and one new phylogenetic species were identified. Three species accounted for around 60% of the strains: F. fujikuroi (n = 23), F. proliferatum (n = 22) and F. verticillioides (n = 16). The less frequent species were F. volatile (n = 8), F. anthophilum (n = 6), F. pseudocircinatum (n = 4), F. sterilihyphosum (n = 2) and F. begoniae (n = 1). The new Fusarium sp. was represented by 18 isolates. All species produced at least one of the analyzed mycotoxins [beauvericin (BEA), fumonisins (FBs), moniliformin (MON) and enniatins (ENNs)]. BEA was produced by all species but F. verticillioides. The FBs (mainly FB1) were produced mostly by F. fujikuroi, F. proliferatum and F. verticillioides. F. begoniae and F. verticillioides did not produce ENNs and F. sterilihyphosum and F. begoniae did no produce MON, while the other species produced MON and ENNs. Our results contribute new knowledge of the diversity, geographical distribution and hosts of FFSC species.

Mitochondrial DNA Diversity and Lineage Determination of European Isolates of Fusarium graminearum (Gibberella zeae)

2004 ◽  
Vol 110 (5/6) ◽  
pp. 545-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Láday ◽  
Á. Juhász ◽  
G. Mulè ◽  
A. Moretti ◽  
Á. Szécsi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Gibberella Zeae ◽  
Dna Diversity
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document