Frontal cortex stroke-induced impairment in spatial working memory on the trial-unique nonmatching-to-location task in mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 177 ◽  
pp. 107355
Author(s):  
Josh Houlton ◽  
Deanna Barwick ◽  
Andrew N. Clarkson
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
Spatial Working Memory ◽  
Location Task

scholarly journals Abnormal brain activity patterns during spatial working memory task in patients with end-stage renal disease on maintenance hemodialysis: a fMRI study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinzhuang Huang ◽  
Lei Xie ◽  
Ruiwei Guo ◽  
Jinhong Wang ◽  
Jinquan Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
Spatial Working Memory ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Parietal Lobule ◽  
Stage Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage ◽  
Esrd Patients ◽  
Back Task

Abstract Hemodialysis (HD) is associated with cognitive impairment in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). However, the neural mechanism of spatial working memory (SWM) impairment in HD-ESRD patients remains unclear. We investigated the abnormal alterations in SWM-associated brain activity patterns in HD-ESRD patients using blood oxygen level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD-fMRI) technique during n-back tasks. Twenty-two HD-ESRD patients and 22 well-matched controls underwent an fMRI scan while undergoing a three-load n-back tasks with different difficulty levels. Cognitive and mental states were assessed using a battery of neuropsychologic tests. The HD-ESRD patients exhibited worse memory abilities than controls. Compared with the control group, the HD-ESRD patient group showed lower accuracy and longer response time under the n-back tasks, especially in the 2-back task. The patterns of brain activation changed under different working memory loads in the HD-ESRD patients, showing decreased activity in the right medial frontal gyrus and inferior frontal gyrus under 0-back and 1-back task, while more decreased activation in the bilateral frontal cortex, parietal lobule, anterior/posterior cingulate cortex and insula cortex under 2-back task. With the increase of task difficulty, the activation degree of the frontal and parietal cortex decreased. More importantly, we found that lower activation in frontal cortex and parietal lobule was associated with worse cognitive function in the HD-ESRD patients. These results demonstrate that the abnormal brain activity patterns of frontal cortex and parietal lobule may reflect the neural mediation of SWM impairment.

Topographic Maps in Human Frontal Cortex Revealed in Memory-Guided Saccade and Spatial Working-Memory Tasks

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (5) ◽  
pp. 3494-3507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabine Kastner ◽  
Kevin DeSimone ◽  
Christina S. Konen ◽  
Sara M. Szczepanski ◽  
Kevin S. Weiner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
Spatial Working Memory ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Topographic Maps ◽  
Button Press ◽  
Frontal Eye Field ◽  
Topographic Organization ◽  
Human Frontal Cortex ◽  
Eye Field

We used fMRI at 3 Tesla and improved spatial resolution (2 × 2 × 2 mm3) to investigate topographic organization in human frontal cortex using memory-guided response tasks performed at 8 or 12 peripheral locations arranged clockwise around a central fixation point. The tasks required the location of a peripheral target to be remembered for several seconds after which the subjects either made a saccade to the remembered location (memory-guided saccade task) or judged whether a test stimulus appeared in the same or a slightly different location by button press (spatial working-memory task). With these tasks, we found two topographic maps in each hemisphere, one in the superior branch of precentral cortex and caudalmost part of the superior frontal sulcus, in the region of the human frontal eye field, and a second in the inferior branch of precentral cortex and caudalmost part of the inferior frontal sulcus, both of which greatly overlapped with activations evoked by visually guided saccades. In each map, activated voxels coded for saccade directions and memorized locations predominantly in the contralateral hemifield with neighboring saccade directions and memorized locations represented in adjacent locations of the map. Particular saccade directions or memorized locations were often represented in multiple locations of the map. The topographic activation patterns showed individual variability from subject to subject but were reproducible within subjects. Notably, only saccade-related activation, but no topographic organization, was found in the region of the human supplementary eye field in dorsomedial prefrontal cortex. Together these results show that topographic organization can be revealed outside sensory cortical areas using more complex behavioral tasks.

scholarly journals Abnormal Behaviors and Microstructural Changes in White Matter of Juvenile Mice Repeatedly Exposed to Amphetamine

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong-Ju Yang ◽  
Lijun Wang ◽  
Qiang Cheng ◽  
Haiyun Xu
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
Spatial Working Memory ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Immunofluorescent Staining ◽  
Brain White Matter ◽  
Abnormal Behaviors

Amphetamine (AMP) is an addictive CNS stimulant and has been commonly abused by adolescents and young adults, during which period brain white matter is still developing. This study was to examine the effect of a nonneurotoxic AMP on the white matter of juvenile mice.d-AMP (1.0 mg/kg) was given to young male C57BL/6 mice once a day for 21 days. The spatial working memory and locomotion of mice were measured at the end. Then, mice were sacrificed and their brains were processed for morphological analyses to examine the white matter structure and for Western blot analysis to measure three main proteins expressed in mature oligodendrocytes. AMP-treated mice displayed higher locomotion and spatial working memory impairment and showed lower levels of Nogo-A and GST-pi proteins in frontal cortex and lower MBP protein in the frontal cortex and hippocampus. They also had fewer mature oligodendrocytes and weak MBP immunofluorescent staining in the same two brain regions. But the striatum was spared. These results suggest that the late-developing white matter is vulnerable to AMP treatment which is able to increase striatal and cortical dopamine. Both the compromised white matter and increased dopamine may contribute to the observed behavioral changes in AMP-treated mice.

scholarly journals Impaired spatial working memory and decreased frontal cortex BDNF protein level in dopamine transporter knockout mice

2010 ◽  
Vol 628 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 104-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
BingJin Li ◽  
Yosefu Arime ◽  
F. Scott Hall ◽  
George R. Uhl ◽  
Ichiro Sora
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
Dopamine Transporter ◽  
Knockout Mice ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Spatial Working Memory

Activity in Human Frontal Cortex Associated with Spatial Working Memory and Saccadic Behavior

2000 ◽  
Vol 12 (supplement 2) ◽  
pp. 2-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley R. Postle ◽  
Jeffrey S. Berger ◽  
Alexander M. Taich ◽  
Mark D'Esposito
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
Signal Intensity ◽  
Spatial Working Memory ◽  
Delay Period ◽  
Delayed Response ◽  
Related Activity ◽  
Memory Condition ◽  
Fmri Signal ◽  
Spatio Temporal

We examined, with event-related fMRI, two hypotheses about the organization of human working memory function in frontal cortex: (1) that a region immediately anterior to the frontal eye fields (FEF) (superior frontal cortex, SFC) is specialized for spatial working memory (Courtney, et al., 1998); and (2) that dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (PFC) plays a privileged role in the manipulation of spatial stimuli held in working memory (Owen, et al., 1996; Petrides 1994). Our delayed-response task featured 2-D arrays of irregularly arranged squares that were highlighted serially in a random sequence. The Forward Memory condition required maintenance of the spatio-temporal sequence, the Manipulate Memory condition required reordering this sequence into a new spatially defined order, the Guided Saccade condition required saccades to highlighted squares in the array, but no memory, and the Free Saccade condition required self-paced, horizontal saccades. The comparison of fMRI signal intensity associated with 2-D saccade generation (Guided Saccades) versus fMRI signal intensity associated with the delay period of the working memorials condition revealed no evidence for greater working memory-related activity than saccade-related activity in SFC in any individual subject, nor at the level of the group, and greater 2-D saccade than delay-period activity in three of five subjects. These results fail to support the hypothesis that spatial working memory-related activity is represented preferentially in a region of SFC anterior to the FEF (Courtney, et al., 1998). The comparison of maintenance versus manipulation of spatio-temporal information in working memory revealed significantly greater activity associated with the latter in dorsolateral PFC, but not in ventrolateral PFC or in SFC. These results suggest that the delay-related function of SFC is limited to the maintenance of spatial information, and that this region does not support the nonmnemonic executive control functions supported by dorsolateral PFC. These results also indicate that the preferential recruitment of dorsolateral PFC for the manipulation of information held in working memory applies to tasks employing spatial stimuli, as well as to tasks employing verbal stimuli (D'Esposito, et al., 1999); Petrides et al., 1993; Postle et al., 1999).

scholarly journals Loss of phosphodiesterase 4 in Parkinson disease

Neurology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 89 (6) ◽  
pp. 586-593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flavia Niccolini ◽  
Heather Wilson ◽  
Gennaro Pagano ◽  
Christopher Coello ◽  
Mitul A. Mehta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Parkinson Disease ◽  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
Supplementary Motor Area ◽  
Spatial Working Memory ◽  
Motor Area ◽  
Medial Frontal Cortex ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Thalamic Nuclei ◽  
Phosphodiesterase 4

Objective:To assess in vivo the expression of phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) and its relevance to cognitive symptoms in patients with Parkinson disease (PD) using [11C]rolipram PET.Methods:We studied 12 levodopa-treated patients with PD with no concurrent diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment or dementia. Their data were compared with those from 12 healthy controls. All participants underwent neuropsychiatric and cognitive assessment using the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery. Parametric images of [11C]rolipram volume of distribution (VT) values were determined with the Logan plot.Results:Patients with PD performed worse than healthy controls in cognitive examinations assessing psychomotor speed, episodic memory, and spatial working memory and executive function. Patients with PD showed reductions in [11C]rolipram VT compared to healthy controls, in the caudate (28%), thalamus (23%), hypothalamus (32%), and cortex (16%). Within thalamic subregions, [11C]rolipram VT values in patients with PD were decreased by 12%–32%, with most marked decreases observed in prefrontal and temporal thalamic nuclei, whereas motor nuclei were less affected. Within the cortex, [11C]rolipram VT values in patients with PD were decreased by 11%–20%, with most marked decreases observed in posterior dorsolateral frontal cortex, medial frontal cortex, and supplementary motor area, whereas orbitofrontal cortex was less affected. Worse performance in spatial working memory correlated with lower [11C]rolipram VT values in posterior dorsolateral frontal cortex, medial frontal cortex, supplementary motor area, precentral gyrus, caudate, and prefrontal thalamic nuclei.Conclusions:Our findings demonstrate loss of PDE4 expression in the striato-thalamo-cortical circuit, which is associated with deficits of spatial working memory in patients with PD.

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