scholarly journals Drivers of zoonotic disease risk in the Indian subcontinent: A scoping review

One Health ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 100310
Author(s):  
Anna Durrance-Bagale ◽  
James W. Rudge ◽  
Nanda Bahadur Singh ◽  
Steven R. Belmain ◽  
Natasha Howard
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Zoonotic Disease

scholarly journals Trade and Deforestation Predict Rat Lungworm Disease, an Invasive-Driven Zoonosis, at Global and Regional Scales

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luz A. de Wit ◽  
Taylor H. Ricketts
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Environmental Change ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Zoonotic Disease ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Rat Lungworm ◽  
Land Use Policies

The introduction of non-native species and deforestation are both important drivers of environmental change that can also facilitate the geographic spread of zoonotic pathogens and increase disease risk in humans. With ongoing trends in globalization and land-use conversions, introduced species and deforestation are ever more likely to pose threats to human health. Here, we used rat lungworm disease, an emerging zoonotic disease caused by Angiostrongylus cantonensis and maintained by invasive rats and snails, to explore how these two forms of environmental change can impact zoonotic disease risk. We used logistic regressions to examine the role of global trade in the introduction of A. cantonensis at a country level and used model estimates to predict the probability of introduction as a function of trade. We then used hurdle-based regression models to examine the association between deforestation and rat lungworm disease in two regions where A. cantonensis is already established: Hawaii and Thailand. At the global scale, we found the trade of horticultural products to be an important driver in the spread of A. cantonensis and that the majority of countries at high risk of future A. cantonensis introduction are islands. At country scales, we found deforestation to increase the per-capita risk of A. cantonensis exposure in Hawaii and Thailand. Our study provides a preliminary view of the associations between species introductions, deforestation, and risk of A. cantonensis exposure in people. Better understanding how these two widespread and overlapping forms of environmental change affect human health can inform international biosecurity protocols, invasive species management, and land-use policies.

Microbiota and cardiovascular disease risk: A scoping review

2020 ◽  
Vol 159 ◽  
pp. 104952
Author(s):  
Federico Scarmozzino ◽  
Andrea Poli ◽  
Francesco Visioli
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk

scholarly journals Cardio-metabolic disease risk factors among South Asian labour migrants to the Middle East: a scoping review and policy analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiva Raj Mishra ◽  
Saruna Ghimire ◽  
Chandni Joshi ◽  
Bishal Gyawali ◽  
Archana Shrestha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Disease ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Policy Analysis ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Metabolic Disease Risk

Perceived Risks from Disease and Management Policies: An Expansion and Testing of a Zoonotic Disease Risk Perception Model

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather A. Triezenberg ◽  
Meredith L. Gore ◽  
Shawn J. Riley ◽  
Maria K. Lapinski
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Zoonotic Disease ◽  
Perceived Risks ◽  
Perception Model ◽  
Management Policies

scholarly journals A descriptive study of zoonotic disease risk at the human-wildlife interface in a biodiversity hot spot in South Western Uganda

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. e0008633
Author(s):  
Shamilah Namusisi ◽  
Michael Mahero ◽  
Dominic Travis ◽  
Katherine Pelican ◽  
Cheryl Robertson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Risk ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Zoonotic Disease ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
High Dependency

Zoonotic diseases pose a significant health challenge at the human–wildlife interface, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa where ecosystem services contribute significantly to local livelihoods and individual well-being. In Uganda, the fragmented forests of Hoima district, form part of a “biodiversity and emerging infectious disease hotspot” composed of communities with high dependency on this wildlife protected areas, unaware of the associated health risks. We conducted a cross-sectional mixed methods study from March to May 2017 and interviewed 370 respondents, using a semi-structured questionnaire from eight villages neighbouring forest fragments in Hoima District, Uganda. Additionally, a total of ten (10) focus group discussions (FGDs) consisting of 6–10 men or women were conducted to further explore the drivers of hunting and perception of zoonotic disease risks at community level. Qualitative and quantitative data were analysed using content analysis and STATA version 12 respectively. We found twenty-nine percent (29.0%, CI: 24.4–33.9) of respondents were engaged in hunting of wildlife such as chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) and 45.8% (CI: 40.6–51.0), cane rats (Thryonomyidae spp). Acquisition of animal protein was among the main reasons why communities hunt (55.3%, CI: 50.1–60.4), followed by “cultural” and “medicinal” uses of wildlife and or its parts (22.7%, CI: 18.6–27.4). Results further revealed that hunting and bushmeat consumption is persistent for other perceived reasons like; bushmeat strengthens the body, helps mothers recover faster after delivery, boosts one’s immunity and hunting is exercise for the body. However, respondents reported falling sick after consumption of bushmeat at least once (7.9%, CI: 5.3–11.1), with 5.3% (CI: 2.60–9.60) reporting similar symptoms among some family members. Generally, few respondents (37.0%, CI: 32.1–42.2) were aware of diseases transmissible from wildlife to humans, although 88.7% (CI: 85.0–92.0) had heard of Ebola or Marburg without context. Hunting non-human primate poses a health risk compared to edible rats (cane rats) and wild ruminants (cOR = 0.4, 95% CI = 0.1–0.9) and (cOR = 0.7, 95% CI = 0.2–2.1) respectively. Study suggests some of the pathways for zoonotic disease spillover to humans exist at interface areas driven by livelihoods, nutrition and cultural needs. This study offers opportunities for a comprehensive risk communication and health education strategy for communities living at the interface of wildlife and human interactions.

scholarly journals Heterogeneity of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors Among Asian Immigrants: Insights From the 2010 to 2018 National Health Interview Survey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Binu Koirala ◽  
Ruth‐Alma Turkson‐Ocran ◽  
Diana Baptiste ◽  
Bibhu Koirala ◽  
Lucine Francis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Asian Immigrants ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors ◽  
White Adults ◽  
Hispanic White

Background The Asian population is the fastest‐growing immigrant population in the United States. Prior studies have examined the Asian immigrant population as a homogenous group. We hypothesized that there will be heterogeneity in cardiovascular disease risk factors among Asian immigrant subgroups (Indian subcontinent, Southeast Asia, Asia) compared with the non‐Hispanic White population. Methods and Results A cross‐sectional analysis of the 2010 to 2018 National Health Interview Survey was conducted among 508 941 adults who were born in Asian regions or were non‐Hispanic White and born in the United States. Generalized linear models with Poisson distribution were fitted to compare the prevalence of self‐reported hypertension, overweight/obesity, diabetes mellitus, high cholesterol, physical inactivity, and current smoking among Asian immigrants compared with White adults, adjusting for known confounders. We included 33 973 Asian immigrants from Southeast Asia (45%), Asia (29%), the Indian subcontinent (26%), and 474 968 White adults. Compared with non‐Hispanic White adults, Indian subcontinent immigrants had the highest prevalence of overweight/obesity (prevalence ratio, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.19–1.25); Southeast Asian immigrants had the highest prevalence of high cholesterol (prevalence ratio, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.10–1.23); Indian subcontinent (prevalence ratio, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.49–1.93) and Southeast Asian (prevalence ratio, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.26–1.52) immigrants had a higher prevalence of diabetes. All Asian immigrant subgroups were more likely to be physically inactive and less likely to smoke than White adults. Conclusions We observed significant heterogeneity in cardiovascular disease risk factors among Asian immigrants and a varied prevalence of risk factors compared with non‐Hispanic White adults. Providers caring for Asian immigrants should provide tailored and culturally informed care to improve the cardiovascular health of this diverse group.

Zoonotic Disease Risk

2015 ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Heinz Mehlhorn
Keyword(s):  
Disease Risk ◽  
Zoonotic Disease

Understanding framings and perceptions of spillover

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 396-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine Tweneboah Lawson ◽  
Fidelia Ohemeng ◽  
Jesse Ayivor ◽  
Melissa Leach ◽  
Linda Waldman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Intrinsic Value ◽  
Communication Strategies ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Zoonotic Disease ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Content Type

Purpose Bats provide many ecosystem services and have intrinsic value. They also act as host reservoirs for some viruses. Several studies have linked zoonotic diseases to bats, raising questions about the risks bats pose, especially to people living close to bat roosts. Through a series of case studies undertaken in three communities, the purpose of this paper is to explore the various ways in which framings and perceptions of bats can influence a potential spillover of bat-borne viruses to humans in Ghana. It assesses the social, cultural and economic factors that drive human-bat interactions and posits that understanding the socio-economic contexts in which human-bat interactions occur is key to the success of future communication strategies. Design/methodology/approach Primary data collection methods included participatory landscape mappings, transect walks, focus group discussions and questionnaire surveys. Findings Perceptions of bats vary and are influenced by personal beliefs, the perceived economic benefits derived from bats and the location of bat roosts. Activities that put people at risk include bat hunting, butchering and consumption of poorly prepared bat meat. Those who live and work close to bat roosts, and bat hunters, for example, are more at risk of bat-borne zoonotic disease spillover. Disease risk perceptions were generally low, with high levels of uncertainty, indicating the need for clearer information about personal protective practices. Originality/value The results of the study may well inform future risk communication strategies as well as help in developing effective responses to zoonotic disease risk, disease outbreaks and the conservation of bats in communities.

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