scholarly journals Integration of nutrient and water availabilities via auxin into the root developmental program

2022 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
pp. 102117
Author(s):  
Ying Liu ◽  
Nicolaus von Wirén
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Program

Androgen-induced plasticity at a “vocal” neuromuscular synapse

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 32-33
Author(s):  
Darcy B. Kelley ◽  
Martha L. Tobias ◽  
Mark Ellisman
Keyword(s):  
Xenopus Laevis ◽  
Motor Neurons ◽  
Sexual Differentiation ◽  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Neuromuscular Synapse ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Intracellular Protein ◽  
Developmental Program ◽  
Androgen Action ◽  
Clawed Frog

Brain and muscle are sexually differentiated tissues in which masculinization is controlled by the secretion of androgens from the testes. Sensitivity to androgen is conferred by the expression of an intracellular protein, the androgen receptor. A central problem of sexual differentiation is thus to understand the cellular and molecular basis of androgen action. We do not understand how hormone occupancy of a receptor translates into an alteration in the developmental program of the target cell. Our studies on sexual differentiation of brain and muscle in Xenopus laevis are designed to explore the molecular basis of androgen induced sexual differentiation by examining how this hormone controls the masculinization of brain and muscle targets.Our approach to this problem has focused on a highly androgen sensitive, sexually dimorphic neuromuscular system: laryngeal muscles and motor neurons of the clawed frog, Xenopus laevis. We have been studying sex differences at a synapse, the laryngeal neuromuscular junction, which mediates sexually dimorphic vocal behavior in Xenopus laevis frogs.

High-Risk Children Referred to an Early-Intervention Developmental Program

1995 ◽  
Vol 34 (12) ◽  
pp. 635-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee Ann Britain ◽  
Grace E. Holmes ◽  
Ruth S. Hassanein
Keyword(s):  
Early Intervention ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Developmental Program ◽  
High Risk Children

scholarly journals A type 2 cytokine axis for thymus emigration

2017 ◽  
Vol 214 (8) ◽  
pp. 2205-2216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea J. White ◽  
Song Baik ◽  
Sonia M. Parnell ◽  
Amanda M. Holland ◽  
Frank Brombacher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Perivascular Spaces ◽  
Thymocyte Development ◽  
Invariant Nkt Cells ◽  
Developmental Program ◽  
Innate T Cells ◽  
Type 2 Cytokines ◽  
Thymic Stromal Cells

In the thymus, stromal microenvironments support a developmental program that generates mature T cells ready for thymic exit. The cellular and molecular specialization within thymic stromal cells that enables their regulation of specific stages of thymocyte development is poorly understood. Here, we show the thymic microenvironment expresses the type 2 IL-4R complex and is functionally responsive to its known ligands, IL-4 and IL-13. Absence of IL-4Rα limits thymocyte emigration, leading to an intrathymic accumulation of mature thymocytes within medullary perivascular spaces and reduced numbers of recent thymic emigrants. Thymus transplantation shows this requirement maps to IL-4Rα expression by stromal cells, and we provide evidence that it regulates thymic exit via a process distinct from S1P-mediated migration. Finally, we reveal a cellular mechanism by which IL-4+IL-13+ invariant NKT cells are necessary for IL-4Rα signaling that regulates thymic exit. Collectively, we define a new axis for thymic emigration involving stimulation of the thymic microenvironment via type 2 cytokines from innate T cells.

scholarly journals Ribosomal Protein S6 Gene Haploinsufficiency Is Associated with Activation of a p53-Dependent Checkpoint during Gastrulation

2006 ◽  
Vol 26 (23) ◽  
pp. 8880-8891 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Panić ◽  
Sanda Tamarut ◽  
Melanie Sticker-Jantscheff ◽  
Martina Barkić ◽  
Davor Solter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Ribosomal Protein ◽  
Ribosome Biogenesis ◽  
Fetal Liver ◽  
Genetic Inactivation ◽  
Developmental Program ◽  
Ribosomal Protein S6 ◽  
M Phase ◽  
Insight Into

ABSTRACT Nascent ribosome biogenesis is required during cell growth. To gain insight into the importance of this process during mouse oogenesis and embryonic development, we deleted one allele of the ribosomal protein S6 gene in growing oocytes and generated S6-heterozygous embryos. Oogenesis and embryonic development until embryonic day 5.5 (E5.5) were normal. However, inhibition of entry into M phase of the cell cycle and apoptosis became evident post-E5.5 and led to perigastrulation lethality. Genetic inactivation of p53 bypassed this checkpoint and prolonged development until E12.5, when the embryos died, showing decreased expression of D-type cyclins, diminished fetal liver erythropoiesis, and placental defects. Thus, a p53-dependent checkpoint is activated during gastrulation in response to ribosome insufficiency to prevent improper execution of the developmental program.

scholarly journals Developmental program impacts phenological plasticity of spring wheat under drought

2016 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marwa N. M. E. Sanad ◽  
Kimberley Garland Campbell ◽  
Kulvinder S. Gill
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Developmental Program

Leaflet initiation is temporally and spatially separated in simple and complex tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) leaf mutants: a developmental analysis

Botany ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 88 (8) ◽  
pp. 710-724 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Kang ◽  
Neelima R. Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Histological Analysis ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Knox Gene ◽  
Leaf Morphogenesis ◽  
Multiple Factors ◽  
Developmental Program ◽  
Meristematic Activity ◽  
Primary Leaflet ◽  
Developmental Analysis ◽  
Leaf Mutants

Formation of a compound leaf requires the involvement of multiple factors, including KNOX1 gene expression. To further characterize simple and complex tomato leaf mutants, we analyzed their morphology and development by assessing: leaf phenotypes, primary leaf morphogenesis, expression of the class I KNOX gene LeT6, and meristematic activity of the marginal blastozone. Mutants with alterations in lobing and (or) pinnation (decrease/increase) were analyzed. Primary leaflet initiation is delayed in mutants with decreased lobing. In contrast, leaflet initiation is advanced or similar to the wild type in mutants with deep lobes. Leaves with increased pinnation along the rachis require a protracted developmental program to form their final leaf morphology. Using a morphometric analysis, we show that leaf complexity can be quantified. The expression pattern of LeT6 correlates with histological analysis of meristematic activity of the marginal blastozone, suggesting that LeT6 may play a role, through some unknown mechanism, to regulate meristematic competence, not only in the marginal blastozone to regulate leaflet lobing, but along the entire length of the leaf to regulate pinnation in compound leaves.

Autonomy and non-autonomy in Drosophila mesoderm determination and morphogenesis

Development ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 120 (4) ◽  
pp. 853-859 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Leptin ◽  
S. Roth
Keyword(s):  
Cell Shape ◽  
Shape Change ◽  
Developmental Program ◽  
Cell Shape Change ◽  
Ventral Furrow ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Mutant Cells ◽  
Transplantation Experiments ◽  
Shape Changes

The mesoderm in Drosophila invaginates by a series of characteristic cell shape changes. Mosaics of wild-type cells in an environment of mutant cells incapable of making mesodermal invaginations show that this morphogenetic behaviour does not require interactions between large numbers of cells but that small patches of cells can invaginate independent of their neighbours' behaviour. While the initiation of cell shape change is locally autonomous, the shapes the cells assume are partly determined by the individual cell's environment. Cytoplasmic transplantation experiments show that areas of cells expressing mesodermal genes ectopically at any position in the egg form an invagination. We propose that ventral furrow formation is the consequence of all prospective mesodermal cells independently following their developmental program. Gene expression at the border of the mesoderm is induced by the apposition of mesodermal and non-mesodermal cells.

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