Roles and potential clinical implications of tissue transglutaminase in cardiovascular diseases

Flavonoids are the molecules derived from a core molecule flavan which are synthesized in plants and microbes by a complex process catalyzed by enzymes located in endoplasmic reticulum. These exist in human body in association with glycosides which can be absorbed in small intestine and are metabolized further in liver. This review consolidates the Biosynthesis of flavonoids in plant systems, its metabolism in human body, the role of different rings and groups on the antioxidant potential of flavonoids, the chemical mechanisms of its actions and finally clinical implications of these molecules against Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, Osteoarthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis and cancers.

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Pterostilbene and its nicotinate derivative ameliorated vascular endothelial senescence and elicited endothelium-dependent relaxations via activation of Sirtuin 1

Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology ◽

10.1139/cjpp-2020-0583 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Lili Zhang ◽

Jianwei Zheng ◽

Xin Tie ◽

Tong Lin ◽

Wanqi Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Endothelial Cells ◽

Endothelial Cell ◽

Angiotensin Ii ◽

Cardiovascular Diseases ◽

Vascular Endothelial Cell ◽

Cell Senescence ◽

Sirtuin 1 ◽

Clinical Implications ◽

Vascular Endothelial ◽

Resveratrol Analogues

Aim: Vascular endothelial cell senescence is a leading cause of age-associated diseases and cardiovascular diseases. Interventions and therapies targeting endothelial cell senescence and dysfunction would have important clinical implications. This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of 10 resveratrol analogues, including pterostilbene (Pts) and its derivatives, against endothelial senescence and dysfunction. Methods and Results: All the tested compounds at the concentrations from 10-9 M to 10-6 M did not show cytotoxicity in endothelial cells. Among the 10 resveratrol analogues, Pts and Pts nicotinate attenuated the expression of senescence-associated β-galactosidase, downregulated p21 and p53, and increased the production of NO in both angiotensin II and H2O2-induced endothelial senescence models. In addition, Pts and Pts nicotinate elicited endothelium-dependent relaxations. Pts and Pts nicotinate did not alter Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) expression but enhanced its activity. Both Pts and Pts nicotinate have high binding activities with SIRT1. Inhibition of SIRT1 by sirtinol reversed the anti-senescent effects of Pts and Pts nicotinate. Conclusions: This study suggests that the Pts and Pts nicotinate ameliorated vascular endothelial senescence and elicited endothelium-dependent relaxations via activation of SIRT1. These two compounds maybe potential drugs for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases related to endothelial senescence and dysfunction.

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Apoptosis, ANUP, Chromogranin A, PGP 9.5, Endothelins and VEGF in Acquired Heart Diseases: Review of Literature

Acta Chirurgica Latviensis ◽

10.1515/chilat-2016-0012 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 63-72

Author(s):

Edite Kulmane ◽

Mara Pilmane ◽

Romans Lacis

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Diseases ◽

Chromogranin A ◽

Prevention And Control ◽

Heart Diseases ◽

Clinical Implications ◽

Vascular Endothelial ◽

Review Of Literature ◽

Cell Changes ◽

And Control ◽

Endothelial Growth Factor

Summary According to the Centre for Disease Prevention and Control of Latvia data, in 2014 16076 latvians died from cardiovascular diseases and it is 57,03% of all deaths. Changes in myocardium of the diseased hearts are complex and pathogenesis is still not fully clear. Morphopathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases are complex molecular cell changes which include apoptosis, homeostasis regulating factors, and innervation and ischemia markers. In this article we wanted to provide an overview about apoptosis, atrial natriuretic peptide, chromogranin A, neuropeptide-containing innervation, endothelins and vascular endothelial growth factor in pathomorphology of acquired heart diseases and their clinical implications.

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