Enhanced salt tolerance of transgenic wheat (Tritivum aestivum L.) expressing a vacuolar Na+/H+ antiporter gene with improved grain yields in saline soils in the field and a reduced level of leaf Na+

Plant Science ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 167 (4) ◽  
pp. 849-859 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhe-Yong Xue ◽  
Da-Ying Zhi ◽  
Gang-Ping Xue ◽  
Hui Zhang ◽  
Yan-Xiu Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Transgenic Wheat ◽  
Saline Soils ◽  
Grain Yields

scholarly journals Relative Salinity Tolerance of Turf-type Saltgrass Selections

HortScience ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.L. Qian ◽  
J.M. Fu ◽  
S.J. Wilhelm ◽  
D. Christensen ◽  
A.J. Koski
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Culture System ◽  
Hydroponic Culture ◽  
Distichlis Spicata ◽  
Saline Soils ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Saline Irrigation ◽  
Turf Quality ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Irrigation Waters

Salt-tolerant turfgrass is highly desirable in areas associated with saline soils or saline irrigation waters. To determine the salt tolerance of 14 saltgrass [Distichlis spicata var. stricta (Greene)] selections, two greenhouse studies were conducted by means of a hydroponic culture system. Five salinity levels (from 2 to 48 dS·m−1) were created with ocean salts. In general, turf quality decreased and leaf firing increased as salinity increased. However, varying levels of salt tolerance were observed among selections based on leaf firing, turf quality, root growth, and clipping yield. Selections COAZ-01, COAZ-18, CO-01, and COAZ-19 exhibited the best turf quality and the least leaf firing at 36 and 48 dS·m−1 salinity levels in both Experiments 1 and 2. At the highest salinity level (48 dS·m−1), COAZ-18 and COAZ-19 exhibited the highest root activity among all accessions. Salinity levels that caused 25% clipping reduction ranged from 21.2 to 29.9 dS·m−1 and were not significantly different among entries. The data on 25% clipping reduction salinity of saltgrass generated in this study rank saltgrass as one of the most salt-tolerant species that can be used as turf.

scholarly journals Putting halophytes to work – genetics, biochemistry and physiology

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (9) ◽  
pp. v ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernhard Huchzermeyer ◽  
Tim Flowers
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Small Group ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Saline Soils ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Cost Action ◽  
Genes To Ecosystems ◽  
The Cost

Halophytes are a small group of plants able to tolerate saline soils whose salt concentrations can reach those found in ocean waters and beyond. Since most plants, including many of our crops, are unable to survive salt concentrations one sixth those in seawater (about 80 mM NaCl), the tolerance of halophytes to salt has academic and economic importance. In 2009 the COST Action Putting halophytes to work – from genes to ecosystems was established and it was from contributions to a conference held at the Leibniz University, Hannover, Germany, in 2012 that this Special Issue has been produced. The 17 contributions cover the fundamentals of salt tolerance and aspects of the biochemistry and physiology of tolerance in the context of advancing the development of salt-tolerant crops.

scholarly journals Surface activity of salt-tolerant Serratia spp. and crude oil biodegradation in saline soil

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 412-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Wu ◽  
W.J. Xie ◽  
Y.L. Yi ◽  
X.B. Li ◽  
H.J. Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Surface Activity ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Saline Soils ◽  
Surface Tension Reduction ◽  
Oil Biodegradation ◽  
Soil Solutions ◽  
Nacl Concentration

An ideal strain for crude oil degradation in saline soils would be one with high salt-tolerance. A novel bacterial strain, Serratia sp. BF40, was isolated from crude oil contaminated saline soils. Its salt-tolerance, surface activity and ability to degrade crude oil in saline soils were evaluated. It can grow in liquid culture with NaCl concentration less than 6.0%. Its surface activity characterized as an efficient surface tension reduction, was significantly affected by salinity above 2.0%. BF40 inoculation could decrease surface tension of soil solutions and facilitate crude oil removal in soils with 0.22–1.20% salinity, but the efficiency was both significantly lower than its biosurfactant addition. The BF40 strain has a high potential for biodegradation of crude oil contaminated saline soils in view of its high surface activity and salt-tolerance, which is the first report of biosurfactant producing by the genus Serratia for petroleum degrading. We suggest that biosurfactant addition is an efficient strategy. Simultaneously, the growing status of the strain and how to boost its surface activity in saline soils should deserve further studies in order to achieve a continuous biosurfactant supply.

Improved salt tolerance of transgenic wheat by introducing betA gene for glycine betaine synthesis

2010 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunmei He ◽  
Aifang Yang ◽  
Weiwei Zhang ◽  
Qiang Gao ◽  
Juren Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Glycine Betaine ◽  
Transgenic Wheat ◽  
Beta Gene

Performance of Sorghum (Sorghum vulgare) and Maize (Zea mays) as Forages in Irrigated Saline Soils of the Sudan

1980 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 431-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. O. H. El Karouri ◽  
M. G. Mansi
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Daily Temperature ◽  
Saline Soils ◽  
Sorghum Vulgare ◽  
Forage Sorghum ◽  
Sorghum Variety ◽  
Maize Variety ◽  
Overall Performance

SUMMARYTrials were made of the performance of batches of forage sorghum and maize, sown at different times of year. The optimum sowing periods of sorghum variety Abu Sabeen and maize variety 113 were found to be February to October and November to January respectively. Of the various climatic factors considered in this study, mean daily temperature was of greatest importance in affecting yield. The overall performance of sorghum was superior to that of maize, probably because of its relatively higher salt tolerance.

Diversity and salt tolerance of nativeAcaciarhizobia isolated from saline and non-saline soils

2009 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. 950-963 ◽  
Author(s):  
PETER H. THRALL ◽  
LINDA M. BROADHURST ◽  
MOHAMED S. HOQUE ◽  
DAVID J. BAGNALL
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Saline Soils

scholarly journals Adaptive Mechanisms of Halophytes and Their Potential in Improving Salinity Tolerance in Plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (19) ◽  
pp. 10733
Author(s):  
Md. Mezanur Rahman ◽  
Mohammad Golam Mostofa ◽  
Sanjida Sultana Keya ◽  
Md. Nurealam Siddiqui ◽  
Md. Mesbah Uddin Ansary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Sustainable Agriculture ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Soil Salinization ◽  
Saline Soils ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Defense Proteins ◽  
Biochemical Adaptation ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

Soil salinization, which is aggravated by climate change and inappropriate anthropogenic activities, has emerged as a serious environmental problem, threatening sustainable agriculture and future food security. Although there has been considerable progress in developing crop varieties by introducing salt tolerance-associated traits, most crop cultivars grown in saline soils still exhibit a decline in yield, necessitating the search for alternatives. Halophytes, with their intrinsic salt tolerance characteristics, are known to have great potential in rehabilitating salt-contaminated soils to support plant growth in saline soils by employing various strategies, including phytoremediation. In addition, the recent identification and characterization of salt tolerance-related genes encoding signaling components from halophytes, which are naturally grown under high salinity, have paved the way for the development of transgenic crops with improved salt tolerance. In this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive update on salinity-induced negative effects on soils and plants, including alterations of physicochemical properties in soils, and changes in physiological and biochemical processes and ion disparities in plants. We also review the physiological and biochemical adaptation strategies that help halophytes grow and survive in salinity-affected areas. Furthermore, we illustrate the halophyte-mediated phytoremediation process in salinity-affected areas, as well as their potential impacts on soil properties. Importantly, based on the recent findings on salt tolerance mechanisms in halophytes, we also comprehensively discuss the potential of improving salt tolerance in crop plants by introducing candidate genes related to antiporters, ion transporters, antioxidants, and defense proteins from halophytes for conserving sustainable agriculture in salinity-prone areas.

scholarly journals Options for Developing Salt-tolerant Crops

HortScience ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
pp. 1085-1092 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wayne Loescher ◽  
Zhulong Chan ◽  
Rebecca Grumet
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Osmotic Adjustment ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Soil Salinization ◽  
Saline Soils ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
New Crop ◽  
Lines Of Evidence

Soil salinization is an increasing problem worldwide and is often intensified by irrigation. Unfortunately, few new crop cultivars have been developed resistant to saline soils, a consequence, in part, of the complexity of plant responses to salt stress. There are now, however, several non-traditional options to improving salt tolerance as a result of recent progress in better understanding the mechanisms involved. These mechanisms include 1) exclusion of Na+ and Cl– from plant tissues; 2) inclusion of these ions in inert compartments or tissues; and/or 3) some means of osmotic adjustment with solutes that are compatible with the metabolic machinery of the cell. Although there are very few horticultural examples, several lines of evidence indicate that reductions in salt sensitivity through exclusion or inclusion can be achieved by single gene modifications of the ion transport system. Similarly, single genes resulting in osmotic adjustment with solutes compatible with the metabolic machinery of the cell have resulted in significant increases in salt tolerance. Recent advances in sequencing, use of quantitative trait loci, and marker-assisted selection promise to provide other options for improving salt tolerance.

scholarly journals Effects of Nitrogen on Seedling Growth of Wheat Varieties under Salt Stress

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhi Eldeen Hussien Ibrahim ◽  
Xinkai Zhu ◽  
G. Zhou ◽  
Eltayib H. M. A. Abidallhaa
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Saline Soils ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Seedling Vigor ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Vigor Index ◽  
Emergence Percentage ◽  
Salt Tolerance Index

<p>Wheat growth is hampered by various environmental stresses including salinity. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the nitrogen effect on seedling emergence and growth under salinity conditions. For this reason the seeds of wheat (<em>Triticum aestivum </em>L.) varieties Argine, and Elnilein from Sudan and Xumai 30, and Yang 10-13 from China were cultured under four NaCl solutions containing (0, 100, 150, and 200 mM NaCl) and three nitrogen (N) fertilizer levels (N0 = 0, N1 = 105, and N2 12 = 210 kg N/h). Emergence percentage and early growth were determined. There were significant differences among salinity and N levels for emergence percentage shoot and root length, dry weight, salt tolerance index, and seedling vigor index. At all salinity levels, the varieties showed similar salt resistance, but each responded differently. Nitrogen affected positively on the seedling characteristics under saline soil. Elnilein had a better emergence percentage, shoot and root length, dry weight, salt tolerance index, and seedling vigor index than the other varieties. Elnilein is recommended for saline soils. We suggest that a simple seedling test would be a useful selection tool in order to develop productive new wheat lines on saline soils.</p>

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