Indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi enhance resistance of apple rootstock ‘M9T337’ to apple replant disease

2021 ◽  
pp. 101717
Author(s):  
Mei Wang ◽  
Rong Zhang ◽  
Lei Zhao ◽  
Haiyan Wang ◽  
Xuesen Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Apple Rootstock ◽  
Apple Replant Disease ◽  
Replant Disease

scholarly journals Arbuscular mycorrhiza improve apple rootstock growth in soil conducive to specific apple replant disease

2008 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. 48-53
Author(s):  
H.J. Ridgway ◽  
J. Kandula ◽  
A. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Apple Rootstock ◽  
Apple Replant Disease ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Replant Disease ◽  
Species Specific

Specific apple replant disease (SARD) impairs the growth and establishment of trees in replanted apple orchards Apple roots are normally colonised by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) which may have beneficial effects on plant growth Four AMF inoculation treatments (three species of AMF Glomus mosseae Acaulospora laevis and Scutellospora calospora and an uninoculated control) were applied to M26 apple rootstock seedlings in SARD and nonSARD soil Of the fungi inoculated S calospora had the greatest beneficial effect in improving shoot and root dry weight and shoot length in SARD soil More disease symptoms occurred on main and feeder roots in SARD soil and none of the inoculated AMF fungi reduced these Both A laevis and S calospora significantly increased shoot length and gave a higher percentage of AMFcolonised roots in nonSARD soil These results showed that AMF improve tolerance of apple to SARD and indicate that the beneficial effect is species specific Characterisation of endogenous mycorrhizae in the soil identified S pellucida This is a new species record for New Zealand and provides the opportunity to determine whether the beneficial effect is specific to the genus Scutellospora

Exogenous dopamine and overexpression of the dopamine synthase gene MdTYDC alleviated apple replant disease

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tengteng Gao ◽  
Yusong Liu ◽  
Xiaomin Liu ◽  
Kai Zhao ◽  
Lei Shan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigment ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Apple Replant Disease ◽  
Obvious Effect ◽  
Replant Disease

Abstract Apple replant disease (ARD) is a soil-borne disease that leads to economic losses due to reduced plant growth and diminished fruit yields. Dopamine is involved in interactions between plants and pathogens. However, it remains unclear whether dopamine can directly stimulate defense responses to ARD. In this study, an exogenous dopamine treatment and dopamine synthetase MdTYDC (tyrosine decarboxylase) transgenic plants were used to verify the role of dopamine in treating ARD. First, two-year-old trees of Malus domestica cv. Fuji apple, grafted onto rootstock M.26, were grown in replant soils. The addition of dopamine (100 μM) to the soil promoted seedling growth and changed the accumulation of mineral elements in plants in replant soils. Such supplementation improved the activity of invertase, urease, proteinase, and phosphatase under replant conditions. Sequencing analysis of 16S rDNA and ITS rDNA revealed that dopamine had a slight influence on bacterial diversity, but had an obvious effect on fungal diversity in replant soils. The application of dopamine to replant soil changed the composition of bacterial and fungal communities. Second, overexpression of MdTYDC in apple plants alleviated the effects of ARD. MdTYDC transgenic lines exhibited mitigated ARD through inhibited degradation of photosynthetic pigment, maintaining the stability of photosystem I and II, and improving the antioxidant system. Furthermore, overexpression of MdTYDC improved arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi colonization by improving the accumulation of soluble sugars under replant conditions. Together these results demonstrated that dopamine enhances the tolerance of apples to ARD.

scholarly journals Apple Rootstock Response to Vesicular-arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in a High Phosphorus Soil

1994 ◽  
Vol 119 (3) ◽  
pp. 578-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Morin ◽  
J.A. Fortin ◽  
C. Hamel ◽  
R. L. Granger ◽  
D. L. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Growth Enhancement ◽  
Apple Rootstock ◽  
Glomus Versiforme ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Mycorrhizal Inoculation ◽  
Mycorrhizal Plants

A 12-week greenhouse experiment was undertaken to test the efficiency of inoculation of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on four apple (Malus domestica Borkh) rootstock cultivars: M.26, Ottawa 3 (Ott.3), P.16, and P.22. The plants were grown in soil from an apple rootstock nursery, containing high levels of extractable P (644 kg Bray/1 ha-1). Inoculation treatments were Glomus aggregatum Shenck and Smith emend. Koske, G. intraradix Shenck and Smith, and two isolates of G. versiforme (Karsten) Berch, one originally from California (CAL) and the other one from Oregon (OR). Mycorrhizal plants were taller, produced more biomass, and had a higher leaf P concentration than the uninoculated control plants. Mycorrhizal inoculation also significantly increased the leaf surface area of `M.26' and `Ott.3' compared to the control. Glomus versiforme(CAL)-inoculated plants generally had the best nutrient balance, the greatest final height and shoot biomass, and produced an extensive hyphal network. All the mycorrhizal plants had similar percentages of root colonization, but the size of the external hyphal network varied with fungal species. Glomus versiforme(OR) had a larger extramatrical phase than G. aggregatum and G. intraradix. Mycorrhizal efficiency was associated with a larger external hyphal network, but showed no relation with internal colonization. Despite the high P fertility of the soil used, growth enhancement due to mycorrhizal inoculation was attributed to improved P nutrition.

scholarly journals Effect of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Pratylenchus penetrans Infestation in Apple Seedlings under Greenhouse Conditions

Pathogens ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 76 ◽  
Author(s):  
An Ceustermans ◽  
Wendy Van Hemelrijck ◽  
Jelle Van Campenhout ◽  
Dany Bylemans
Keyword(s):  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Pratylenchus Penetrans ◽  
Poor Growth ◽  
Replant Disease ◽  
Fruit Cultivation ◽  
Full Production

A major problem in fruit cultivation in Flanders is replant disease due to a lack of uncultivated soils available for new plantings. Replant disease can cause poor growth and affect time to full production, however Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) can prove their usefulness with regard to these problems. To further investigate the effect of AMF on nematodes, different AMF species were amended to potted apple seedlings in the presence of the nematode Pratylenchus penetrans. Generally, apple seedlings grew better in the presence of nematodes when mycorrhiza were inoculated into the soil. Moreover, a positive correlation (R2 ≥ 0.88) was found between the percentage root length colonization of the roots of apple seedlings, by AMF species, and nematode reduction in the soil of the seedlings. Indigenous AMF could colonize the roots of apple seedlings the most efficiently, resulting in a higher biocontrol effect. Besides, a synergistic effect was observed when two AMF strains were applied together leading to a significant growth response of the seedlings.

scholarly journals Mitigation of replant disease by mycorrhization in horticultural plants: A review

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li-Hui Lü ◽  
Qiang-Sheng Wu
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Soil Microflora ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Symbiotic Association ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Replant Disease ◽  
Horticultural Plants

Abstract Replant disease refers to the result of monoculture-continuous repetitive planting of congeneric crops or coordinal crops in the same soil for many years. Such disease is recognized as one of the main limiting factors affecting plant growth and production of horticultural plants in many countries. As a result, replant disease in horticultural plants has become a world problem in agriculture and also a bottleneck restricting the sustainable development of agriculture. In general, replant disease results in unfavorable growth of horticultural plants, which is due to allelopathy, autotoxicity, and the imbalance of both soil physical-biochemical traits and soil microflora. An environmentally friendly contribution to this could be bio-controlled by beneficial microorganisms. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, one of soil-inhabiting fungi, can form a symbiotic association in roots to mitigate the negative effects of replant disease in many horticultural plants. Moreover, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi do not produce any environmental pollution in soils and are a potential biological control. The soil fungi could regulate better morphological, physiological and molecular levels in plants to respond to the disease. This review mainly outlined the current knowledge in mycorrhizal mitigation of replant disease in horticultural plants, which appears to be a promising strategy to improve growth of horticultural plants in replant soils.

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