scholarly journals Arbuscular mycorrhiza improve apple rootstock growth in soil conducive to specific apple replant disease

2008 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. 48-53
Author(s):  
H.J. Ridgway ◽  
J. Kandula ◽  
A. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Apple Rootstock ◽  
Apple Replant Disease ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Replant Disease ◽  
Species Specific

Specific apple replant disease (SARD) impairs the growth and establishment of trees in replanted apple orchards Apple roots are normally colonised by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) which may have beneficial effects on plant growth Four AMF inoculation treatments (three species of AMF Glomus mosseae Acaulospora laevis and Scutellospora calospora and an uninoculated control) were applied to M26 apple rootstock seedlings in SARD and nonSARD soil Of the fungi inoculated S calospora had the greatest beneficial effect in improving shoot and root dry weight and shoot length in SARD soil More disease symptoms occurred on main and feeder roots in SARD soil and none of the inoculated AMF fungi reduced these Both A laevis and S calospora significantly increased shoot length and gave a higher percentage of AMFcolonised roots in nonSARD soil These results showed that AMF improve tolerance of apple to SARD and indicate that the beneficial effect is species specific Characterisation of endogenous mycorrhizae in the soil identified S pellucida This is a new species record for New Zealand and provides the opportunity to determine whether the beneficial effect is specific to the genus Scutellospora

Studies on the effect of mycorrhization of potato roots on the hatching activity of potato root leachate towards the potato cyst nematodes, Globodera pallida and G. rostochiensis

Nematology ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 719-729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Haydock ◽  
Peter Jones ◽  
Ken Devine ◽  
Thomas Deliopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Glomus Intraradices ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Globodera Pallida ◽  
Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Potato Root ◽  
Potato Plants ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Amf Inoculation

AbstractSuccessful mycorrhization of potato plants cv. Golden Wonder was achieved with three commercial preparations of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF): Vaminoc (mixed-isolate inoculum) and two of its components, Glomus intraradices and Glomus mosseae. Potato cyst nematode hatching assays were conducted on the potato root leachate (PRL) produced by inoculated and non-inoculated potato plants to examine the effect of AMF inoculation on the hatching response of the two PCN species, Globodera rostochiensis and G. pallida. The overall hatch response of G. rostochiensis to the potato root leachate was greater than G. pallida. Root leachates from Vaminoc- and G. mosseae-inoculated plants were found to stimulate the hatch of G. pallida in the first 3 weeks after shoot emergence. Fractionation of root leachates with standardised carbon content by Sephadex G-10 chromatography revealed multiple AMF effects on hatching factor (HF) production. Root leachates from Vaminoc-inoculated plants contained markedly more G. pallida-active HF than all other treatments; by contrast, PRL from the three AMF treatments exhibited little variation in the quantity of G. rostochiensis-active HF produced. Several HF were PCN species-specific or species-selective, with those resolved from the G. intraradices and G. mosseae PRL profiles exhibiting an apparent preference for G. rostochiensis rather than G. pallida. Mycorrhization also significantly increased the root dry weight of plants.

scholarly journals Effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Gazania rigens Pot Plant Cultivation in a Mediterranean Environment

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 221-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leo SABATINO ◽  
Fabio D’ANNA ◽  
Livio TORTA ◽  
Giorgio FERRARA ◽  
Giovanni IAPICHINO
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Rhizophagus Irregularis ◽  
High Performing ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Bedding Plants ◽  
Plant Cultivation ◽  
Bedding Plant

Herbaceous plants used in island beds and borders need to be rapid growing, high performing and maintaining good visual quality during the growing season. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi application is acquiring interest for its beneficial effects on ornamental bedding plants. Gazania rigens is a herbaceous ornamental plant grown for its large daisy-like flowers. The species thrives in the coastal areas of the Mediterranean region, particularly in the mild climate of southern Italy and Sicily, where performs well in summer bedding schemes in sea side gardens even in dry and windy conditions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of inoculation with Rhizophagus irregularis on several ornamental parameters of Gazania rigens. Prior to transplanting, three-months-old plants received a mycorrhizal inoculum carrying 40 spores g-1 of Rhizophagus irregularis. Inoculum was applied at a rate of 10 g plant-1. The AM application significantly increased number of flowers per clump by 100% and number of flowers per plant by 124.0%. Rhizophagus irregularis also positively influenced number of leaves per plant, plant height, and roots dry weight. Our findings indicated that mycorrhizal inoculation with R. irregularis may be beneficial to nursery growers wishing to produce high quality gazania for spring-summer bedding plant schemes.

Exogenous dopamine and overexpression of the dopamine synthase gene MdTYDC alleviated apple replant disease

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tengteng Gao ◽  
Yusong Liu ◽  
Xiaomin Liu ◽  
Kai Zhao ◽  
Lei Shan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigment ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Apple Replant Disease ◽  
Obvious Effect ◽  
Replant Disease

Abstract Apple replant disease (ARD) is a soil-borne disease that leads to economic losses due to reduced plant growth and diminished fruit yields. Dopamine is involved in interactions between plants and pathogens. However, it remains unclear whether dopamine can directly stimulate defense responses to ARD. In this study, an exogenous dopamine treatment and dopamine synthetase MdTYDC (tyrosine decarboxylase) transgenic plants were used to verify the role of dopamine in treating ARD. First, two-year-old trees of Malus domestica cv. Fuji apple, grafted onto rootstock M.26, were grown in replant soils. The addition of dopamine (100 μM) to the soil promoted seedling growth and changed the accumulation of mineral elements in plants in replant soils. Such supplementation improved the activity of invertase, urease, proteinase, and phosphatase under replant conditions. Sequencing analysis of 16S rDNA and ITS rDNA revealed that dopamine had a slight influence on bacterial diversity, but had an obvious effect on fungal diversity in replant soils. The application of dopamine to replant soil changed the composition of bacterial and fungal communities. Second, overexpression of MdTYDC in apple plants alleviated the effects of ARD. MdTYDC transgenic lines exhibited mitigated ARD through inhibited degradation of photosynthetic pigment, maintaining the stability of photosystem I and II, and improving the antioxidant system. Furthermore, overexpression of MdTYDC improved arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi colonization by improving the accumulation of soluble sugars under replant conditions. Together these results demonstrated that dopamine enhances the tolerance of apples to ARD.

scholarly journals RESPON PERTUMBUHAN Tithonia diversifolia TERHADAP INOKULASI CENDAWAN MIKORIZA ARBUSKULA (CMA)

Jurnal Solum ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
Agustian Agustian ◽  
Mutia Faiza ◽  
Lusi Maira
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Tithonia Diversifolia ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight

The success of symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in plants was determined by three main factors namely by edaphic factors (environment), genetic and physiological plants and fungi. In this study AMF inoculations were attempted in Tithonia (Tithonia diversifolia) which is known as Mexican sunflower that is often used as a source of green manure. The purpose of this study was to find out AMF species that has the highest physiological compatibility with Tithonia and to study the effects of AMF species on Tithonia growth.  Experimental design used in this study was Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 5 treatments and 3 replications. The data were statistically analyzed the variance, if the value of F-calculated was larger than that of F-table, then the analyses were continued using DNMRT at 5% level of significance. The treatment given were: without AMF, giving inoculant Glomus manihottis, Glomus etunicatum, Gigaspora margarita and a mixture of AMF. The number of spores that are given at each treatment was 100 spores / pot.  From this study it could be concluded that Tithonia species could be infected by the inoculated AMF. AMF infection had not yet demonstrated beneficial effects for Tithonia although the frequency of infection and the number of spores on rhizosphere were also high. Inoculation of G., Glomus manihottis, G. etunicatum, and a mixture of AMF did not have a significant influence on plant height, stem and leaf dry weight, fresh and dry weight of roots. Response of Tithonia growth were shown only on the fresh weight of stems and leaves that are found with the inoculation of G. margarita.Keywords: arbuscular mycorrhiza, growth, innoculation, Tithonia diversifolia,

scholarly journals 314 Growth and Nutrition of Chrysanthemum Microplants Inoculated with Arbuscular-Mycorrhizal Fungi

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 446B-446
Author(s):  
Martha Elena Pedraza-Santos ◽  
David Jaen-Contreras ◽  
M. Alejandra Gutièrrez-Espinosa ◽  
Teresa Colinas-Leon ◽  
Cristina Lopez-Peralta
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Mycorrhizal Colonization ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Growth And Nutrition ◽  
Zn Content ◽  
Number Of Leaves

Effects of inoculation with arbuscular endomycorrhizal fungi (Acaulospora scrobiculata and Glomus mosseae) on acclimatization and growth of chrysanthemum (Dendrathema glandiflora Tzevelev) plants, propagated in vitro, under different conditions of fertilization (0, 20, and 40 mg·L-1 of NPK) were studied. Mycorrhizal colonization did not influence surviving percentage of chrysanthemum plantlets during the acclimatization stage; however, we could colonize the developing roots and reduce the amount of inoculum needed and beneficial effects on plant growth were obtained during early stages of colonizing. Plant growth in greenhouse was regulated by synergism between the effect of endomycorrhizal fungus type and soil fertilization with N, P, and K. Effects of A. scrobiculata were observed as an increasein number of leaves, leaf area, stem diameter, root volume and fresh and dry weight of leaves, stem and root. The G. mosseae fungus improved N, P, Mg, and Zn content in leaves; P, K, Ca, Mg, and Zinc in stem and Ca content in root. On the other hand, A. scrobiculata only increased N content in leaves, stem and roots; P content in leaves and roots, and Ca content in stem. Percentage of mycorrhizal colonization on roots was affected by adding N, P, and K to soil. The highest values were obtained with fertilization doses of 20 mg·L-1. The number of spores of mycorrhizal fungi was increased by adding fertilizer to soil (40 mg·L-1 of NPK).

scholarly journals The Effect of Mycorrhizal Inoculum and Phosphorus Treatment on Growth and Flowering of Ajania (Ajania pacifica (Nakai) Bremer et Humphries) Plant

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 178
Author(s):  
Matej Vosnjak ◽  
Matevz Likar ◽  
Gregor Osterc
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Flowering Time ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Number Of Shoots

The influence of mycorrhizal inoculum in combination with different phosphorus treatments on growth and flowering parameters of Ajania (Ajania pacifica (Nakai) Bremer et Humphries) plants was investigated in two growing seasons (2015 and 2016). Plants of the cultivar ‘Silver and Gold’ were transplanted into pots either with added mycorrhizal inoculum or without inoculum and assigned to four phosphorus treatments. Mycorrhizal colonization was assessed by evaluating the frequency of colonization, intensity of colonization and density of fungal structures (arbuscules, vesicles, coils and microsclerotia) in the roots. During the growing season, the content of plant available phosphorus in the soil was analyzed, and shoot length, number of shoots, number of inflorescences, number of flowers and flowering time were evaluated. Inoculated Ajania plants were successfully colonized with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and dark septate endophytic fungi. In the root segments, hyphae were mainly observed, as well as vesicles, coils, arbuscules and microsclerotia, but in lower density. The density of fungal structures did not differ among phosphorus treatments, but did differ between years, with a higher density of fungal structures in 2016. Mycorrhizal plants developed higher number of shoots in 2016, higher number of inflorescences, higher number of flowers, and they flowered longer compared to uninoculated plants.

Formation and exudation of biphenyl and dibenzofuran phytoalexins by roots of the apple rootstock M26 grown in apple replant disease soil

2021 ◽  
Vol 192 ◽  
pp. 112972
Author(s):  
Belnaser A. Busnena ◽  
Till Beuerle ◽  
Felix Mahnkopp-Dirks ◽  
Traud Winkelmann ◽  
Ludger Beerhues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Apple Rootstock ◽  
Apple Replant Disease ◽  
Replant Disease
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