The impact of pigment volume concentration on the protective performance of polyurethane coating with second generation of phosphate based anticorrosion pigment

2014 ◽  
Vol 77 (11) ◽  
pp. 1768-1773 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Darvish ◽  
R. Naderi ◽  
M.M. Attar
Keyword(s):  
Second Generation ◽  
Volume Concentration ◽  
Polyurethane Coating ◽  
Pigment Volume Concentration ◽  
Protective Performance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Anticorrosion Pigment

Development of a Methanol Resistant Epoxy Coating

2013 ◽  
Vol 634-638 ◽  
pp. 2939-2944
Author(s):  
Xiao Ping Liu ◽  
Tian Liang Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Crosslink Density ◽  
Volume Concentration ◽  
Oil Absorption ◽  
Resin System ◽  
Absorption Method ◽  
Experiment Data ◽  
Pigment Volume Concentration ◽  
Epoxy Resin System ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Dry Film

The thesis shows the impact of the epoxy resin system crosslink density on the coating’s methanol resistance. The oil absorption method critical pigment volume concentration (CPVC ) value and the dry film density method CPVC value were compared for the single pigment. The mixed pigments coating’s CPVC was calculated from the single pigment CPVC and compared with the experiment data. The methanol resistance of different relative PVC (λ) coatings was compared. The result showed that the coating with λ less and close to 1 revealed the best methanol resistance.

Improvement in polyurethane coating performance through zinc aluminium phosphate pigment

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 419-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abolfazl Darvish ◽  
Reza Naderi ◽  
Mohammad Reza Mohammadzadeh Attar
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Protective Coatings ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Aluminium Phosphate ◽  
Pigment Volume Concentration ◽  
Protective Function ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Protective Performance

Purpose This research aims to provide a comparative study of the effect of conventional zinc phosphate (ZP) and zinc aluminium phosphate (ZPA) representing second generation of phosphate-based anticorrosion pigments on the protective performance and physical mechanical properties of a solvent-borne polyurethane (PU) coating. Design/methodology/approach The two pigments were incorporated into the coating at optimum pigment volume concentration. To evaluate the protective performance, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was used. The effect of modification of ZP on the physical–mechanical properties of the coatings was studied through dynamic mechanical thermal analysis. Moreover, Micro Vickers hardness and pull-off tests were used to evaluate the hydrolytic coating degradation. Findings EIS revealed the superior protective function of coatings incorporated with ZPA compared to those formulated with ZP. This behaviour might be attributed to the release of sufficient inhibiting species because of partial dissolving of the anticorrosive pigments when an electrolyte penetrates into the coating. In addition, the effectiveness of modification of ZP on the physical–mechanical properties of coatings was shown. Research limitations/implications As a classical replacement for the toxic chromates, ZP has been widely used in the formulation of protective coatings. However, undesirable inhibitive function of the pigment arising from its low solubility has made modification necessary. Because of the modified solubility, second generation of phosphate-based anticorrosion pigments has been reported to reveal superior performance. Originality/value According to the literature, no report can be found studying the effect of the second generation of phosphate-based anticorrosion pigments on the physical–mechanical properties of PU coatings. The main goal of this work is to study the correlation between physical–mechanical properties and anticorrosion performance of the PU coatings.

scholarly journals Structure of the Signal Transduction Domain in Second-Generation CAR Regulates the Input Efficiency of CAR Signals

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 2476
Author(s):  
Kento Fujiwara ◽  
Masaki Kitaura ◽  
Ayaka Tsunei ◽  
Hotaka Kusabuka ◽  
Erika Ogaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signal Transduction ◽  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Independent Manner ◽  
Cell Functions ◽  
Car T Cells ◽  
Car T Cell ◽  
Car T ◽  
The Impact

T cells that are genetically engineered to express chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) have a strong potential to eliminate tumor cells, yet the CAR-T cells may also induce severe side effects due to an excessive immune response. Although optimization of the CAR structure is expected to improve the efficacy and toxicity of CAR-T cells, the relationship between CAR structure and CAR-T cell functions remains unclear. Here, we constructed second-generation CARs incorporating a signal transduction domain (STD) derived from CD3ζ and a 2nd STD derived from CD28, CD278, CD27, CD134, or CD137, and investigated the impact of the STD structure and signaling on CAR-T cell functions. Cytokine secretion of CAR-T cells was enhanced by 2nd STD signaling. T cells expressing CAR with CD278-STD or CD137-STD proliferated in an antigen-independent manner by their STD tonic signaling. CAR-T cells incorporating CD28-STD or CD278-STD between TMD and CD3ζ-STD showed higher cytotoxicity than first-generation CAR or second-generation CARs with other 2nd STDs. The potent cytotoxicity of these CAR-T cells was not affected by inhibiting the 2nd STD signals, but was eliminated by placing the STDs after the CD3ζ-STD. Our data highlighted that CAR activity was affected by STD structure as well as by 2nd STD signaling.

scholarly journals The impact that cultural food security has on identity and well-being in the second-generation U.S. American minority college students

Food Security ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathrine E. Wright ◽  
Julie E. Lucero ◽  
Jenanne K. Ferguson ◽  
Michelle L. Granner ◽  
Paul G. Devereux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Minority College Students ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals The impact of the top coating on the mechanical properties of lacquered wood surfaces

2012 ◽  
pp. 87-100
Author(s):  
Milan Jaic ◽  
Tanja Palija
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Wood Species ◽  
Abrasion Resistance ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
Quercus Robur ◽  
Scratch Resistance ◽  
Indentation Hardness ◽  
Polyurethane Coating ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Wood Surfaces

This paper investigates the impact of the top coating on the basic mechanical properties of a lacquered surface, including indentation hardness, scratch resistance and abrasion resistance. Three types of the top coating were used, including a 2K polyurethane coating, a 2K acrylate-isocyanate coating and a 2K alkyd-urethane coating. Samples of two wood species, spruce (Picea abies Karst.) and oak (Quercus robur L.), were used in this study, in order to determine whether the wood species, which is not in direct contact with the top coating, has an impact on the mechanical properties of a lacquered surface. The samples coated with a 2K acrylate-isocyanate coating showed the highest values of indentation hardness, in the samples of both wood species (1.34 N for spruce; 1.4 N for oak). The samples coated with a 2K alkyd-urethane coating showed the highest values of scratch resistance (20 N for both wood species) and abrasion resistance (mass loss of 480 mg after 700 cycles for both wood species). The results have shown that the wood species does not affect the value of indentation hardness, scratch resistance and abrasion resistance of a lacquered surface.

scholarly journals Influence of Add-On Perforated Plates on the Protective Performance of Light-Weight Armour Systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-48
Author(s):  
Teresa FRAS ◽  
Norbert FADERL
Keyword(s):  
Hard Core ◽  
High Hardness ◽  
Steel Plates ◽  
Perforated Plates ◽  
Geometrical Properties ◽  
Impact Position ◽  
Circular Holes ◽  
Protective Performance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Armour Steel

The presented experimental investigation, aimed at verification of defeat mechanisms against small-calibre projectiles, provided by 4-mm-thick perforated plates with different material- and geometrical properties, was performed. A regular pattern of punched holes in steel plates increases the possibility of asymmetrical contact between the plate and projectiles which may cause threat destabilization, rotation or fragmentation depending on the impact position. Three tested armour configurations comprise the super-bainitic high-hardness Pavise™ SBS 600P armour steel plates perforated by elongated holes of size 4  12 mm (the first configuration), the martensitic high-hardness Mars® 300P steel plates perforated by circular holes with a diameter of 5 mm (in the second configuration); and in the third configuration, the martensitic Mars® 300 plates perforated by oblong holes (4  10 mm) were used. The performed impact tests proved that the tested add-on plates assured high protection against the impact of 7.62  51 .308 Win P80 hard-core armour piercing (AP) projectiles. It was also observed that the plates caused similar mechanisms of bullet failure.

scholarly journals On the impact of second generation mating and offspring in multi-generation reproductive toxicity studies on classification and labelling of substances in Europe

2011 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emiel Rorije ◽  
André Muller ◽  
Manon E.W. Beekhuijzen ◽  
Ulla Hass ◽  
Barbara Heinrich-Hirsch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Second Generation ◽  
Reproductive Toxicity ◽  
Toxicity Studies ◽  
The Impact

The Impact of Marketing Strategy in Small Family Businesses

2015 ◽  
pp. 1695-1707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastasios Ntanos ◽  
Stamatios Ntanos
Keyword(s):  
Marketing Strategy ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Family Businesses ◽  
Previous Model ◽  
Crisis Period ◽  
Small Family ◽  
First And Second Generation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

This chapter refers to small family businesses in Greece and examines the impact of their marketing strategy during an economic crisis period. The research took place in the broad area of Athens between December 2011 and March 2012. Data were collected to form a database of Greek independent private family companies (n=380) using personal interviews (structured questionnaire) with owners/managers of first- and second-generation family businesses. The chapter shows how small family businesses indicate marketing strategy using Carson's model. Limitations of expertise outline the marketing background, which can be described as “self-assisted.” The research offers a verification of a previous model so that problems that arise from companies not putting into practice any marketing concepts can be examined. The significance of the chapter is that there have not formerly been any reviews made about Carson's model in Greece during the economic crisis period emphasizing family businesses.

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