University autonomy in Ukraine: Higher education corruption and the state

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ararat L. Osipian
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Free Market ◽  
The State ◽  
University Governance ◽  
Educational Services ◽  
Market Forces ◽  
University Autonomy ◽  
Internal Pressures ◽  
Political Turmoil ◽  
Centralization And Decentralization

Issues of university autonomy, self-governance, and centralization and decentralization are still at the forefront of higher education in Ukraine. This study of university governance suggests that the state is a major foe of university autonomy, though certainly not the only one. The system of centralized university governance is experiencing changes in its content, function, mechanisms, and approaches, while maintaining its unity and highly centralized structure. Thus, it is difficult to adapt and respond to free market forces and challenges brought to the fore by the Euromaidan political turmoil and the war that followed. Such phenomena as corruption in education and internal pressures, marketization of educational services and financial integrity, changing organizational and managerial structures of universities present challenges to university governance and force it to change. They may also facilitate strengthening of university autonomy. However, as long as the disease of corruption exists, all attempts to reform higher education are unlikely to be successful.

scholarly journals FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE INTERNAL SYSTEM OF EDUCATION QUALITY ASSURANCE AT THE UNIVERSITY AS A FACTOR OF STATE SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

2020 ◽  
pp. 96-103
Author(s):  
A. Artyukhov
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Quality Assurance ◽  
Foreign Students ◽  
Education Institution ◽  
The State ◽  
Educational Services ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
The University

The article is devoted to the description and analysis of factors that potentially and actually affect the socio-economic development of the state on the example of the higher education institution. It is established that at the system level the level of ensuring the quality of educational activities and the quality of higher education has a decisive influence on the formation of a positive image of a higher education institution. The results of a survey of students on the criteria for choosing a university to study are presented. Statistics on public funding of education in general and higher education in particular are presented and analyzed. It is established that, despite the formally high percentage of education funding from the level of GDP in absolute terms, the actual funding is low and needs to be strengthened by attracting external funding from customers. Attention is also paid to the state of development of educational services for foreign students. In a competitive environment at the national and international level, the decisive influence on the involvement of foreign students in the university is influenced by the structure of the training program, teacher qualifications, organization of the educational process in the classroom and so on. The article on the example of a higher education institution presents the main stages of formation and development of the internal system of quality assurance of education as an object of influence on the socio-economic development of the state. The development and/or improvement of internal quality assurance systems in universities is becoming a powerful basis for increasing university funding from external (personally involved) sources, reducing the outflow of applicants abroad and the successful provision of educational services to foreign students. At this stage, given the limited opportunities for funding of educational activities by the state (compared to EU countries), the successful implementation of the university development strategy is possible provided that systematic work is done to improve the quality of educational services for domestic and foreign citizens. As part of further research, it is planned to analyze the mutual impact of the education quality assurance system on the effectiveness of scientific activities, the provision of additional paid educational services, training for external customers and other sources.

scholarly journals The effectiveness of state financing of higher education

2020 ◽  
pp. 155-164
Author(s):  
Denys Zagirniak ◽  
Oleg Kratt ◽  
Mykhaylo Zagirnyak
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
The State ◽  
State Funding ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Basic Material ◽  
Educational Services ◽  
Institutions Of Higher Education ◽  
The Government ◽  
State Financing ◽  
Selection Of

Topicality of the research subject. The government authorities are concerned about higher education as human capital is being formed in this area.This concern is lessening as macroeconomic indicators show a lack of economic opportunities. Statement of the problem. Limited state funding for higher education requires improved spending of budget funds. Analysis of the recent research and publications. The state funding of higher education is considered at the macro- and micro levels from different angles. Selection of the unresearched parts of the general problem. There is no link between state funding of higher education at the macro level and the use of government funds at the micro level. Statement of the task and the purpose of the research. The method for the assessment of the finance provision of higher education has been improved, which makes it possible to achieve congruence between the mechanism of state order and the choice of educational services by consumers. Method or methodology of the research. A method for assessing the effectiveness of the financial provision of higher education in the space that has the parameters of “educational degree” and “field of knowledge” has been proposed. Statement of the basic material (results of the work). The low effectiveness of the use of state financial resources in relation to specialties and institutions of higher education of Poltava region has been determined. In the segment of “junior specialists” 113 places of the state order were not selected, and in the segment of “bachelors” – 98 places of state order. For most specialties in the segments the license amount did not correspond to the amount of state orders. The segments of the market of educational services differed significantly as to the state order. In the segment of “junior specialists” the share of the state budget places in the amount of demand was 85.16%, the share in the segment of “bachelors” – 60.24%, and in the segment of “masters” –  36.17%. The state stimulated potential consumers with the help of the state order to buy educational services. The state did not fund the realization of the HEI potential, encouraging them to commercialize educational programs. Field of application of results. The field of higher education. Conclusions. The proposed assessment methodology enables determining the effectiveness of the use of the state financial resources for specialties and institutions of higher education and the selection of possible alternative models for the distribution of the state order for their further financing.

scholarly journals The State Role in Excellent University Policies in the Era of Globalization: The Case of China

2020 ◽  
pp. 197-217
Author(s):  
Fan-Hua Meng ◽  
Xiao-Ming Tian ◽  
Tien-Hui Chiang ◽  
Yi Cai
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Free Market ◽  
International Competitiveness ◽  
The State ◽  
Political Agenda ◽  
Education Policies ◽  
Education Market ◽  
Higher Education Market

AbstractIn order to obtain considerable amounts of capitalist profit available in a globalized market, individual countries need to enhance their own international competitiveness – a goal that can be achieved through the channel of schools by cultivating human capital. The linear linkage among globalization, international competitiveness, human capital and higher education has convinced many countries to engage in the expansion of higher education institutes. The notion of international competition further generates the idea of university ranking and, in turn, many countries have viewed the world class university as the top priority on the political agenda. As neo-liberalism has become a prevailing new world value, constructed by America, the private sector that addresses efficiency is defined as the best mode of running the higher education market. Therefore, this mode functions as the gateway of achieving this political mission. However, this approach may jeopardize state sovereignty because if the state is unable to balance the relation between capital accumulation and social justice, it cannot win people’s trust. The interactive principle between social cultures and education policies also rejects the universal practicality of free market logic. In order to overcome these challenges, individual countries may adopt transformative strategies, allowing them to improve the international reputation of their own top universities. This essay sets out to shed some light on this issue through examining the case of the Double-First-Class-Universities initiative in China.

scholarly journals Regulation of Academia in Israel: Legislation, Policy, and Market Forces

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 165
Author(s):  
Erez Cohen ◽  
Nitza Davidovitch
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Market Forces ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Current Article ◽  
The Government ◽  
New Institutions

<p>The rapid development of Israel’s system of higher education in recent years has led to a sharp rise in the number of students, the establishment of new institutions certified to award degrees, and legislation and policy changes. The evolving circumstances are explored in the current article, which follows the sources, causes, and justifications for these changes. The study analyzes three major processes that occurred in Israel’s system of higher education since its reform in the early 1990s: the increase in the number of students, admission terms to the departments, and the demand for studies. The research findings indicate that it was the government’s decision to establish colleges in the early 1990s, rather than free market forces, that led to the considerable increase in enrollment for academic studies. Then again, free market forces appear to determine admission terms to the various departments in accordance with the principles of demand and supply. Furthermore, the government intervenes to regulate the supply of high-demand fields of study but does not complement this by acting to regulate demand trends, which are determined exclusively by the free will of applicants. Therefore, the research conclusion is that Israel has no clear well-formulated policy on higher education, a fact that allows the unrestrained detrimental domination of this system by free market forces.</p>

scholarly journals Government and Governance Reforms in Africa

2015 ◽  
pp. 13-14
Author(s):  
N.V. Varghese
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
The State ◽  
Higher Education Governance ◽  
Market Forces ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Education Governance ◽  
Governance Reforms

Several African countries have implemented reforms in higher education governance in recent years. Many of these reforms were because of expansion and declining quality. Efforts have been made to reduce dependence on the state and increase market forces into the higher education equation.

scholarly journals Analyzing the Demand for Educational Services of Higher Education Institutions in Terms of Individual Specialties

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (517) ◽  
pp. 111-118
Author(s):  
A. V. Skrypnyk ◽  
◽  
M. V. Nehrey ◽  
A. A. Petrenko ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Higher Education Institutions ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Educational Services ◽  
Digital Information ◽  
Marginal Value ◽  
Econometric Methods ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Expert Assessments

Ukrainian higher education is in a state of reforming, which aimes at improving its quality and is accompanied by a reduction in its generality. During the admission campaign in 2020, the concept of «indicative self-cost of educational services» was for the first time used, the purpose of which was to reduce the demand for training at the expense of individuals (contract) in the State-owned higher education institutions. The publication considers the study of the efficiency of the State regulation of qualifying for a government scholarship as to certain specialties. For this purpose, data on the results of the 2020 admission campaign from the unified State electronic database on education were used. The educational space was divided into several subspaces, for each of these the ratio between the number of applications submitted and the license volume was obtained. It was found that the most in demand for a long time are specialties related to jurisprudence, in the smallest demand are specialties of engineering, where the competition is two applications for three budget places (1.50). The publication uses econometric methods of analysis of digital information, assessments of the elasticity of the introductory score according to the general competition and its marginal value are carried out. Recommendations on refusal of expert assessments in the regulation of the students’ admission and redistribution of financial resources in favor of high-demand specialties are provided.

scholarly journals Beyond Survival: Policies for Academic Revitalization in An Uncertain Environment

1980 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-115
Author(s):  
Thomas Fleming
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
University Governance ◽  
Educational Services ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Present Climate ◽  
Senior Administrators ◽  
Academic Organizations ◽  
Uncertain Environment

Confronted with growing public skepticism concerning the value of higher education, the spiralling costs of educational services and an overall mood of economic retrenchment and uncertainty, academic organizations face the need to develop policies to maintain their institutional health under increasingly difficult conditions. This discussion briefly describes educational developments since 1945 - particularly those factors which have contributed to the present climate of adversity - and explores how these historical forces have altered the complexion of university governance. Special attention is directed toward a review of proposals for academic revitalization found in recent literature and an examination of policies currently under consideration by senior administrators at univer- sities in Western Canada.

scholarly journals RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF HUMAN RESOURCES AND STRUCTURES BY STATE ORDER

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Anipko
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
State Policy ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Educational Services ◽  
Mechanism Of Formation ◽  
Economic Sectors

The imbalance associated with the dominance of supply over demand in the market of educational services, excess demand for certain specialties and its absence in others has a negative impact and worsens the staffing of government agencies and the economy of Ukraine as a whole. This is the motive for retrospective analysis of the experience of staffing by state order of the economy, mechanisms and structures that carry out individual processes at different stages from order formation to the distribution of specialists for the formation of modern educational policy. The factors influencing the orders of specialists, such as demography, the structure of economic sectors, priorities of economic development, deindustrialization of the economy, etc. are analyzed. The results of retrospective analysis of the system of training and placement of personnel with higher education for a period of more than 100 years, the need to develop long-term (at least 6-7 years) state policy and prioritize the training of specialists with higher education by state order. Tasks and measures have been identified, the solution of which will allow to create a regular approach to the mechanism of formation of the state order in the training of specialists with higher education and the influential levers of its management. The lost elements of the structure are given, which do not allow the existing system of staffing by the state order to function effectively. It is proved that state regulation of higher education should be carried out exclusively in accordance with state priorities, prospects of national economy and its branches, in accordance with modern conditions on the basis of the European educational space, as well as based on forecasting, planning needs, assessing demographic and economic situation. The conducted retrospective analysis allows to determine the need for long-term state policy and to determine priorities in the training of qualified specialists with higher education by state order.

scholarly journals FINANCIAL RELATIONS IN HIGHER EDUCATION ON THE BASIS OF PERSONAL AND MUTUAL RESPONSIBILITY

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-26
Author(s):  
D. Zagirniak ◽  
◽  
O. Kratt ◽  
M. Zagirnyak ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Higher Education Institutions ◽  
The State ◽  
Minimum Amount ◽  
Educational Services ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Break Even Point ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Mutual Responsibility

Some implementatation tools of the state’s budget policy due to the typification of financial relations in higher education are determined in the article. The acceptability of the type of relations of the higher education institutions (paternalism, solidarity, subsidiarity) regarding the effectiveness of the state‘s financial policy is clarified. The economic responsibility of the state and higher education insrtitutions as a basic condition of subsidiary relations is revealed.Quantitative parameters of subsidiary relations of the state as a customer of educational services and higher education institution as a service provider are determined. Financial relations in the field of higher education are characterized by antagonism between the paternalism of the state and the principle of market relations. Partnership relations are based on the principles according to which market subjects are partners in achieving their goals. The hierarchy of higher education makes partnership relations impossible due to the subordination of the goals of the institutions. Solidarity as a type of relationship implies mutual responsibility and mutual assistance based on the unity of interests of the institutions. The solidarity of the state and higher education institutions is manifested in two aspects. The first one is the relationship concerning granting permission by the state to an institution for educational activities. The second aspect consists in the relationship concerning purchasing the educational services of the institution by the state. The aspects of solidarity are a reflection of the regulatory and commercial powers of the state. The mutual responsibility of the institutions of the different levels creates a subsidiary type of relationship. The establishment of subsidiary relations means the introduction of economic feasibility of providing educational services. The object of subsidiarity between the state and institutions is the minimum break-even point of demand for educational services (in the specialty of a certain level of education and form of education). A necessary condition for determining the amount is to establish the value of costs for an academic year per student who receives the service. In case of impossibility to form the minimum amount of demand the enrolment to a specialty is canceled. According to market principles, the amount of demand for specialties is of interest to HEI in the case when the tuition fee covers the cost of providing the service. Thus, the range of educational services of the institution may change annually. Solidarity-subsidiary relations regulate the obligations of the state and higher Д. М. Загірняк, О. А. Кратт, М. В. Загірняк 26 education institutions as to financing the forecasted demand for educational services. Relations among higher education institutions are the methodological basis of public funding. Solidarity-subsidiary type of relations means a combination of individual and collective responsibilities. The state simultaneously acts as a regulator and customer of educational services. The role of the regulator is to focus consumers of educational services on the needs of the labor market, and higher education institutions – on financial autonomy. The role of the customer is to share the responsibility for financing higher education with higher education institutions, which should involve other sources of funding for educational services. A conceptual approach is linked to the determination by higher education institutions of the minimum possible break-even point of the amount of services that they undertake to sell to the state as a regulator. The state as a customer undertakes to share responsibility with institutions through the purchase of part of the services subject to the sale of a minimum amount. The conceptual approach allows achieving the unity of regulatory and commercial components in the activities of the state in the field of higher education.

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