scholarly journals Regulation of Academia in Israel: Legislation, Policy, and Market Forces

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 165
Author(s):  
Erez Cohen ◽  
Nitza Davidovitch
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Market Forces ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Current Article ◽  
The Government ◽  
New Institutions

<p>The rapid development of Israel’s system of higher education in recent years has led to a sharp rise in the number of students, the establishment of new institutions certified to award degrees, and legislation and policy changes. The evolving circumstances are explored in the current article, which follows the sources, causes, and justifications for these changes. The study analyzes three major processes that occurred in Israel’s system of higher education since its reform in the early 1990s: the increase in the number of students, admission terms to the departments, and the demand for studies. The research findings indicate that it was the government’s decision to establish colleges in the early 1990s, rather than free market forces, that led to the considerable increase in enrollment for academic studies. Then again, free market forces appear to determine admission terms to the various departments in accordance with the principles of demand and supply. Furthermore, the government intervenes to regulate the supply of high-demand fields of study but does not complement this by acting to regulate demand trends, which are determined exclusively by the free will of applicants. Therefore, the research conclusion is that Israel has no clear well-formulated policy on higher education, a fact that allows the unrestrained detrimental domination of this system by free market forces.</p>

scholarly journals The Development of Online Learning in Israeli Higher Education

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erez Cohen ◽  
Nitza Davidovitch
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Public Policy ◽  
Student Satisfaction ◽  
Online Teaching ◽  
Teaching Method ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Ministry Of Education ◽  
The World ◽  
Research Findings

The COVID-19 pandemic that swept through the world in 2020 and forced the various higher education institutions in Israel and around the world to promptly embrace the online teaching method, placed on the agenda the question of this method&rsquo;s efficacy as well as deliberations regarding its future implications. The current study reviews the development of online teaching in Israel&rsquo;s higher education and examines whether this development derives from an organized and well-formulated public policy with a view to the future or is the result of the constraints and various actors within the free market. In addition, the study presents a case study of an academic institution, examining the opinions of students with regard to the benefits and shortcomings of online teaching. The research findings indicate that the development of online teaching in Israel is the result of needs, constraints, and opportunities that emerged in the free market rather than a result of organized public policy by the Ministry of Education and the Council for Higher Education. Consequently, the study presents the various implications of these unregulated developments for the quality of teaching and for student satisfaction. The study illuminates a thorough discussion that should be conducted by movers of higher education and academic institutions concerning a new effective designation of the campuses following the COVID-19 crisis as well as the distinction between virtual and real-life dimensions of academic teaching.

scholarly journals Policy Exceptionalism: analysis of ideational framework governing agricultural sector in Lithuania

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 86-101
Author(s):  
Jonė Vitkauskaitė-Ramanauskienė
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Policy ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Environmental Concerns ◽  
Market Forces ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
Parliamentary Debates ◽  
Policy Making Process ◽  
A Site ◽  
Western Democracies

After WWII, the agricultural sector emerged as an area of exception in western democracies and is often characterised by sector-specific policies, compartmentalised institutions, well-organised interests’ groups and ideas explaining why this sector cannot be governed by free-market forces. Nevertheless, over the last three decades, the sector has been reformed to incorporate neoliberal and environmental demands to a certain extent. Hence, the current agricultural regime consists of two competing discourses - policy exceptionalism versus post-exceptionalism. Study analyses this ideational struggle in the context of Lithuania. The study conducts interpretative discourse analysis of a site of discursive contestation, namely parliamentary debates over policy changes, which sparked farmers’ unrest in Autumn, 2019. It is argued that policy exceptionalism is a dominant discourse governing Lithuanian agricultural sector and that it serves as a discursive barrier to the incorporation of environmental concerns into the agricultural policy-making process. 

scholarly journals Private Higher Education in the United Kingdom: Myths and Realities

2014 ◽  
pp. 11-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve Woofield
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Private Higher Education ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
Private Providers ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Complex Part ◽  
The Government ◽  
Uk Higher Education

Private providers are becoming more visible in an increasingly heterogeneous UK higher education landscape. Policy changes in England have stimulated rapid enrolment growth in the private sector, and the government is currently facing the challenge of regulating and ensuring quality in this dynamic and complex part of the HE sector in the absence appropriate primary legislation. Currently very little is known about the UK’s ‘alternative’ HE providers and many myths surround this part of the sector that do not reflect reality.

America’s Free-Market Family Policy

2020 ◽  
pp. 19-42
Author(s):  
Maxine Eichner
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Family Policy ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Economic Inequality ◽  
The United States ◽  
Family Leave ◽  
Market Forces ◽  
Market Policy ◽  
Child Benefits ◽  
The Government

This chapter contrasts two models of the role that government can play with respect to families. Free-market family policy, which the United States has adopted, is premised on the view that all government needs to do to support sound families is to support strong markets, which will in turn benefit families. In contrast, pro-family policy, which other countries have adopted, is based on the idea that families do better when the government actively supports them. Pro-family policy considers markets an important tool for distributing the resources that families need, but it regulates them to reduce economic inequality and insecurity and institutes programs like paid family leave, paid vacation, universal childcare, and child benefits. Of the two types of policies, free-market policy leaves families more vulnerable to market forces. That creates devastating problems for families when economic inequality and insecurity increase, as they have in the United States.

GOVERNMENT-MANDATED CIGARETTE WARNING LABELS ARE HAZARDOUS TO HEALTH

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 461-461
Author(s):  
J. F. L.
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Industry ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Judicial System ◽  
Market Forces ◽  
Warning Labels ◽  
Government Report ◽  
The Government

The 1964 official government report... triggered a cascade of events aimed at discouraging smoking. Now, 30 years later... it is time to acknowledge that our current policies to curb smoking simply are not working. The warning labels, while presumably well intentioned, have done nothing to discourage smoking. Instead, they have provided extraordinary legal protection for the tobacco industry. Industry attorneys can rely on the label for their nonsequitur defense in liability suits. They argue, in essence, that, "Cigarettes are not dangerous, but if they were, which they are not, the government `preempted' our responsibility to warn of those dangers." If free market forces and an unfettered judicial system had prevailed, the cigarette would now be an anachronism simply because it would be too expensive to buy and too unprofitable to produce.

University autonomy in Ukraine: Higher education corruption and the state

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ararat L. Osipian
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Free Market ◽  
The State ◽  
University Governance ◽  
Educational Services ◽  
Market Forces ◽  
University Autonomy ◽  
Internal Pressures ◽  
Political Turmoil ◽  
Centralization And Decentralization

Issues of university autonomy, self-governance, and centralization and decentralization are still at the forefront of higher education in Ukraine. This study of university governance suggests that the state is a major foe of university autonomy, though certainly not the only one. The system of centralized university governance is experiencing changes in its content, function, mechanisms, and approaches, while maintaining its unity and highly centralized structure. Thus, it is difficult to adapt and respond to free market forces and challenges brought to the fore by the Euromaidan political turmoil and the war that followed. Such phenomena as corruption in education and internal pressures, marketization of educational services and financial integrity, changing organizational and managerial structures of universities present challenges to university governance and force it to change. They may also facilitate strengthening of university autonomy. However, as long as the disease of corruption exists, all attempts to reform higher education are unlikely to be successful.

scholarly journals MEKANISMEPASAR SEBAGAI PENENTU HARGA (ANALISIS PEMIKIRAN IBN TAIMIYAH)

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Sri Sudiarti
Keyword(s):  
Equilibrium Price ◽  
Market Mechanism ◽  
Market Forces ◽  
Fair Price ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Modern Economy ◽  
The Government

<p>In the perspective of the Islamic concept of the price is not much different from the modern economy. But in Islam has always emphasized the role of ethics (moral values). Basically, Islam has been described that a fair price is the price established by the market forces that run freely, the meeting between the forces of demand and supply. The concept of the proposed price of IbnTaymiyya is not much different from what has been formulated by modern economists. The only difference is the emphasis on ethics and morals. In principle, fair prices occurs when the demand and supply of naturally occurring and balanced (equilibrium price). A fair price according to IbnTaymiyya is the value of the price of goods which the seller sells his wares and generally accepted as being commensurate with the goods sold or other similar goods in a particular place and time. IbnTaymiyyah and very modern economists agree that if the government does not interfere in the determination of prices during a market mechanism walk naturally without any disturbances from the traders and from the buyer.</p>

scholarly journals Pola Pengelolaan Good University Governance Badan Layanan Umum

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-35
Author(s):  
Amira Nurlatifah ◽  
Bambang Suratman ◽  
Hariyati
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Service Agency ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Governance System ◽  
Quality Of Higher Education ◽  
Good Corporate Governance ◽  
The Government

Implement good governance in Higher Education, the government established a Public Service Agency with the aim of improving the quality of higher education services. The purpose of this study was to determine the meaning of good corporate governance, the application of the management patterns of good corporate governance in universities and the obstacles faced by good corporate governance in universities. This research is a qualitative research which is literature study. The results of the study reveal that good corporate governance has the meaning of a good governance system, especially important in universities based on the principles of good governance in universities, such as the principle of accountability which is manifested in positive and negative independence without pressure from any party, as well as the principle of equality and fairness to stakeholders. Apart from this, there are internal problems, one of which is due to the inadequate duties and functions of special institutions dealing with development. Meanwhile, external problems occur due to the rapid development of science and technology that does not yet fulfill sufficient capacity to implement good governance in the management of education in Indonesia

Governance of Higher Education Institutions

2004 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
I M Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Higher Education Institutions ◽  
Institutional Autonomy ◽  
Publicly Funded ◽  
Socially Responsible ◽  
Financial Autonomy ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Training Research ◽  
The Government

Governance includes the issues of autonomy and accountability. In most countries, including developing countries, autonomy is being extended to higher education institutions (HEIs) in order to increase the flexibility which these institutions require to meet the needs of the society and the economy. Autonomy is the prerogative and the ability of an institution to act by its own choices in pursuit of its mission and goals. This ensures optimum allocation of resources for achieving the stated goals and missions of HEIs which are knowledge creation and dissemination. These institutions are mission- oriented and although they have a significant impact on the economy and the society, their action and results are not directly measurable in financial terms. Autonomy encompasses three areas - academic, institutional, and financial. Academic autonomy is the freedom for faculty members to operate freely which would lead to intellectual wealth of great quality. Institutional autonomy includes operational freedom and freedom of decision-making by the institute's constituents. Financial autonomy means the freedom to raise and use funds according to its priorities and internal rules. An institution cannot have full institutional autonomy without financial autonomy. Allowing financial autonomy with accountability would assess the effectiveness of the institution in disseminating knowledge to its students. Autonomy of publicly funded institutions also implies societal accountability. Institutions operate in a given environment. Therefore, their actions and outcomes must be consistent with the demands of the external environment. Societal concern assumes great significance as governance in HEIs cannot be devoid of environment and social responsibility. Every organization's actions influence the members of the society, directly or indirectly. Therefore, HEIs should strive to strike a balance between needs of their stakeholders, demands of the society, and autonomy. A socially responsible HEI should perform the following duties: Be a resource and supporter for public policies and issues. Ensure admission to all qualified students from all sections of the society. Facilitate quality education and research. Assist in professionalizing management practice of socially desirable but under-managed sectors. Help business and industry through training, research, and consultancy. Research on the issues that are significant for the government, the industry, and other sectors and disseminate the research findings. Collaborate with other academic institutions to help them improve their aca- demic standards. Organizations take a lot from the society and hence should also give back to the society. This attitude will sustain them over a long period of time.

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