ALV-J-contaminated commercial live vaccines induced pathogenicity in Three-Yellow chickens: one of the transmission routes of ALV-J to commercial chickens

Infectious bronchitis of chickens (IBC) is a highly contagious disease characterized by damage to the respiratory tract. Adult chickens exhibit respiratory symptoms, a 10-50% decrease in egg production, discoloration of the eggshell, deformation of the shell, and a deterioration in the marketability and breeding quality of eggs. The circulation of variant strains in poultry farms of the Russian Federation causes a significant decrease in egg production and the quality of the eggs obtained, causing significant economic damage to industrial poultry farming. The study aimed to presents materials and methods for the industrial and efficient use of live-vaccines against infectious bronchitis of hens from a variant strain. After the use of a live vaccine against infectious bronchitis of chickens from a variant strain, the development, live weight of chickens, and feed conversion during the rearing period were within the standard parameters. in present study, the safety for the growing period with a planned 97.6% was 98.8-98.9%. The uniformity of the herds when transferred to hen - hen was 94-95%. When carrying out immunoprophylaxis of IBS, local immunity is important, which can be ensured using a live spray vaccine - a method starting from the day old. When establishing circulation in the economy of variant strains of IBC virus, it is necessary to introduce vaccination against the variant strain into the scheme of treatment and preventive measures. The research results allow us to conclude that, for the effective prevention of chicken infectious bronchitis, immunization against IBS from variant strains should be introduced into the vaccine prevention scheme.

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Comparison of Selection Signatures between Korean Native and Commercial Chickens Using 600K SNP Array Data

Genes ◽

10.3390/genes12060824 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (6) ◽

pp. 824

Author(s):

Sunghyun Cho ◽

Prabuddha Manjula ◽

Minjun Kim ◽

Eunjin Cho ◽

Dooho Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Snp Array ◽

Initial Step ◽

Reproductive Organs ◽

High Linkage Disequilibrium ◽

Primary Data ◽

Multiple Traits ◽

Indigenous Chicken ◽

Primary Data Analysis ◽

The Government ◽

Commercial Chickens

Korean native chickens (KNCs) comprise an indigenous chicken breed of South Korea that was restored through a government project in the 1990s. The KNC population has not been developed well and has mostly been used to maintain purebred populations in the government research institution. We investigated the genetic features of the KNC population in a selection signal study for the efficient improvement of this breed. We used 600K single nucleotide polymorphism data sampled from 191 KNCs (NG, 38; NL, 29; NR, 52; NW, 39; and NY, 33) and 54 commercial chickens (Hy-line Brown, 10; Lohmann Brown, 10; Arbor Acres, 10; Cobb, 12; and Ross, 12). Haplotype phasing was performed using EAGLE software as the initial step for the primary data analysis. Pre-processed data were analyzed to detect selection signals using the ‘rehh’ package in R software. A few common signatures of selection were identified in KNCs. Most quantitative trait locus regions identified as candidate regions were associated with traits related to reproductive organs, eggshell characteristics, immunity, and organ development. Block patterns with high linkage disequilibrium values were observed for LPP, IGF11, LMNB2, ERBB4, GABRB2, NTM, APOO, PLOA1, CNTN1, NTSR1, DEF3, CELF1, and MEF2D genes, among regions with confirmed selection signals. NL and NW lines contained a considerable number of selective sweep regions related to broilers and layers, respectively. We recommend focusing on improving the egg and meat traits of KNC NL and NW lines, respectively, while improving multiple traits for the other lines.

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Novel technology for storage and distribution of live vaccines and other biological medicines at ambient temperature

Science Advances ◽

10.1126/sciadv.aau4819 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (10) ◽

pp. eaau4819 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Irnela Bajrovic ◽

Stephen C. Schafer ◽

Dwight K. Romanovicz ◽

Maria A. Croyle

Keyword(s):

Room Temperature ◽

Recombinant Adenovirus ◽

Amorphous Solid ◽

Live Virus ◽

Live Vaccines ◽

Novel Technology ◽

Production Distribution ◽

Global Access ◽

Reducing Costs ◽

Better Than

A novel, thin-film platform that preserves live viruses, bacteria, antibodies, and enzymes without refrigeration for extended periods of time is described. Studies with recombinant adenovirus in an optimized formulation that supports recovery of live virus through 16 freeze-thaw cycles revealed that production of an amorphous solid with a glass transition above room temperature and nitrogen-hydrogen bonding between virus and film components are critical determinants of stability. Administration of live influenza virus in the optimized film by the sublingual and buccal routes induced antibody-mediated immune responses as good as or better than those achieved by intramuscular injection. This work introduces the possibility of improving global access to a variety of medicines by offering a technology capable of reducing costs of production, distribution, and supply chain maintenance.

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Development of a Vaccine against Human Cytomegalovirus: Advances, Barriers, and Implications for the Clinical Practice

Vaccines ◽

10.3390/vaccines9060551 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 551

Author(s):

Sara Scarpini ◽

Francesca Morigi ◽

Ludovica Betti ◽

Arianna Dondi ◽

Carlotta Biagi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trials ◽

Human Cytomegalovirus ◽

Congenital Infection ◽

Health Concern ◽

Live Vaccines ◽

Target Populations ◽

Immune Correlates ◽

Common Causes ◽

The Status ◽

Life Threatening

Human cytomegalovirus (hCMV) is one of the most common causes of congenital infection in the post-rubella era, representing a major public health concern. Although most cases are asymptomatic in the neonatal period, congenital CMV (cCMV) disease can result in permanent impairment of cognitive development and represents the leading cause of non-genetic sensorineural hearing loss. Moreover, even if hCMV mostly causes asymptomatic or pauci-symptomatic infections in immunocompetent hosts, it may lead to severe and life-threatening disease in immunocompromised patients. Since immunity reduces the severity of disease, in the last years, the development of an effective and safe hCMV vaccine has been of great interest to pharmacologic researchers. Both hCMV live vaccines—e.g., live-attenuated, chimeric, viral-based—and non-living ones—subunit, RNA-based, virus-like particles, plasmid-based DNA—have been investigated. Encouraging data are emerging from clinical trials, but a hCMV vaccine has not been licensed yet. Major difficulties in the development of a satisfactory vaccine include hCMV’s capacity to evade the immune response, unclear immune correlates for protection, low number of available animal models, and insufficient general awareness. Moreover, there is a need to determine which may be the best target populations for vaccine administration. The aim of the present paper is to examine the status of hCMV vaccines undergoing clinical trials and understand barriers limiting their development.

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In-Depth Characterization of Live Vaccines Used in Europe for Oral Rabies Vaccination of Wildlife

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0141537 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. e0141537 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Florence Cliquet ◽

Evelyne Picard-Meyer ◽

Miroslav Mojzis ◽

Zuzana Dirbakova ◽

Zita Muizniece ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Live Vaccines ◽

Rabies Vaccination

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Irradiated IL-2 gene-modified plasmacytoma vaccines are more efficient than live vaccines.

International Journal of Oncology ◽

10.3892/ijo.12.5.1195 ◽

1998 ◽

Author(s):

J Símová ◽

J Bubeník ◽

T Jandlová ◽

M Indrová

Keyword(s):

Live Vaccines

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Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus: Immune Escape and Application of Reverse Genetics in Attenuated Live Vaccine Development

Vaccines ◽

10.3390/vaccines9050480 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 480

Author(s):

Honglei Wang ◽

Yangyang Xu ◽

Wenhai Feng

Keyword(s):

Immune Responses ◽

Reverse Genetics ◽

Vaccine Development ◽

Immune Escape ◽

Rna Virus ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Respiratory Syndrome Virus ◽

Live Vaccines ◽

Host Immune Responses ◽

Inactivated Vaccines

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), an RNA virus widely prevalent in pigs, results in significant economic losses worldwide. PRRSV can escape from the host immune response in several processes. Vaccines, including modified live vaccines and inactivated vaccines, are the best available countermeasures against PRRSV infection. However, challenges still exist as the vaccines are not able to induce broad protection. The reason lies in several facts, mainly the variability of PRRSV and the complexity of the interaction between PRRSV and host immune responses, and overcoming these obstacles will require more exploration. Many novel strategies have been proposed to construct more effective vaccines against this evolving and smart virus. In this review, we will describe the mechanisms of how PRRSV induces weak and delayed immune responses, the current vaccines of PRRSV, and the strategies to develop modified live vaccines using reverse genetics systems.

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