Eggshell decalcification and skeletal mineralization during chicken embryonic development: defining candidate genes in the chorioallantoic membrane

Summary Chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) is an extraembryonic membrane very frequently used for in vivo studies in various researches. Since researches require a fast method for quantifying the CAM angiogenic response, there is a need to develop a new precise and unbiased method of quantification of angiogenesis in CAM, which would be easy to perform and suitable for analysis of a large number of samples. The objective of this paper is to apply a new method of quantification of angiogenesis in investigation of the development of blood vessels in the CAM, in particular days of embryonic life considered essential for CAM development. The present research included 75 fertilized eggs of heavy hybrid Ross 308. CAM sampling for stereological analyses was in key phases of embryonic development, namely on the 12th, 15th and 19th day. The results of the present investigation show that the increase in embryonic age results in increase in circulation index, which is also an indicator of angiogenic processes developing in CAM. The lowest value of circulation index (0.1952) was recorded on the first sampling day (E12), while the highest value (0.2666) was recorded on the last sampling day (E19). This method may be applied in researching different factors which affect angiogenesis in CAM.

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Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Candidate Genes Associated with Fertilizing Ability of Sperm and Subsequent Embryonic Development in Cattle1

Biology of Reproduction ◽

10.1095/biolreprod.113.111260 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 89 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Sarah D. Cochran ◽

John B. Cole ◽

Daniel J. Null ◽

Peter J. Hansen

Keyword(s):

Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽

Embryonic Development ◽

Candidate Genes ◽

Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽

Single Nucleotide ◽

Fertilizing Ability

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Localization and synthesis of alpha-fetoprotein in chorioallantoic membrane from chick embryo.

Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry ◽

10.1177/39.12.1719073 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 39 (12) ◽

pp. 1679-1684 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

L Sanchez Palazon ◽

A Rodriguez-Burgos

Keyword(s):

Chick Embryo ◽

Embryonic Development ◽

Organ Culture ◽

Immunohistochemical Study ◽

Chorioallantoic Membrane ◽

Yolk Sac ◽

Alpha Fetoprotein ◽

Short List ◽

Blood Contamination

Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is a major globulin of the embryonic serum of mammals, birds, and other vertebrates. It is synthesized chiefly by the liver and/or the yolk sac. The aim of this work was to confirm the occurrence of AFP in the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) from 14-day chick embryo. AFP had previously been detected by immunoelectrophoresis in CAM extracts under the suspicion that it could be a mere artifact resulting from blood contamination. The immunohistochemical study of the CAM carried out for this purpose revealed the protein to be solely located in the mesodermal layer. The joint use of organ culture and immunoperoxidase techniques has enabled us to find evidence for the synthesis of AFP in the cells of this layer. These results confirm the occurrence of such a significant carrier globulin to embryonic development in one more tissue that can be added to the short list of AFP-producing tissues.

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Calcium mobilization from the avian eggshell during embryonic development

Animal Biology ◽

10.1163/15707563-00002392 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 63 (1) ◽

pp. 33-46 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ola Österström ◽

Lena Holm ◽

Clas Lilja

Keyword(s):

Carbonic Anhydrase ◽

Embryonic Development ◽

Enzyme Histochemistry ◽

Chorioallantoic Membrane ◽

Bird Species ◽

Sturnus Vulgaris ◽

Calcium Mobilization ◽

Coturnix Japonica ◽

Before And After

The avian eggshell acts as the major source of calcium for embryogenesis in bird. Using scanning electron microscopy, the inner eggshell surface was analysed before and after embryonic development and its accompanying calcium removal. This was done in eggs from two bird species with different growth rates and modes of development, the precocial Japanese quail Coturnix japonica and the altricial starling Sturnus vulgaris. Next, enzyme histochemistry was used to localize carbonic anhydrase in the extra-embryonic chorioallantoic membrane to provide support for the hypothesis that calcium may be released from the eggshell by means of acidification through the action of carbonic anhydrase. However, neither in the precocial quail nor in the altricial starling could any staining for carbonic anhydrase be detected. These results lead us to the conclusion that the role of carbonic anhydrase in embryonic calcium mobilization from the avian eggshell remains unclear.

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Angiogenic Effect of Leptin in the Quail Chorioallantoic Membrane

Acta Veterinaria Brno ◽

10.2754/avb201079010013 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 79 (1) ◽

pp. 13-17 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Pavel Výboh ◽

Michal Zeman ◽

Boris Bilčík ◽

Božena Šárniková ◽

Ľubor Košťál

Keyword(s):

Embryonic Development ◽

Growth And Development ◽

Chorioallantoic Membrane ◽

Nutrient Utilization ◽

Avian Embryo ◽

In Ovo ◽

Angiogenic Effect ◽

Vessel Development ◽

Stimulation Of

Leptin, the product ofobgene, beside its key role in the control of body weight and food consumption, can be involved in the control of embryonic development. Leptin administrationin ovoaccelerated the embryonic and post-embryonic development in Japanese quail. Although the mechanisms of leptin effects on growth and development acceleration are not clear, stimulation of angiogenesis represents one of plausible explanations. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the pro-angiogenic effect of leptinin vivoin the quail chorioallantoic membrane (CAM). The recombinant murine leptin (10, 100, and 1000 ng) was applied eitherex ovoon the CAM surface ofex ovoincubated embryos at embryonic day 7 (ED7) orin ovointo the egg albumen at ED5. Changes in blood vessels were quantified by the fractal analysis providing the fractal dimension (Df) estimate. Leptin administeredin ovowas more efficient in stimulation of angiogenesis than theex ovotreatment, since 10 ng dose elicited significantly higher (P< 0.001) stimulation of vessel development of the CAM under the air cell than it did afterex ovocultivation. Our study confirmed that exogenously applied leptin was able to stimulate angiogenesis in CAM. Leptin-mediated stimulation of angiogenesis may improve nutrient utilization from the yolk and explain at least partially the accelerating effect of leptin on avian embryo growth and development.

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Angiogenesis in chicken chorioallantoic membrane under hypoxic incubations

Animal Biology ◽

10.1163/15707563-00002540 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 67 (3-4) ◽

pp. 251-261 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hongliang Zhang ◽

Peng Shang ◽

Yawen Zhang ◽

Ying Zhang ◽

Xiaolong Tian ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Embryonic Development ◽

Blood Vessels ◽

Quantitative Pcr ◽

Early Stage ◽

Chorioallantoic Membrane ◽

Developmental Timing ◽

Vascular Density ◽

Hypoxic Conditions ◽

Density Index ◽

Chicken Chorioallantoic Membrane

Under hypoxic conditions, angiogenesis in the chorioallantoic membrane exhibits a sensitive response depending on the developmental timing and intensity and duration of the hypoxia. Furthermore, the effects of hypoxia on vascularization in the chorioallantoic membrane are controversial. In this study, we used microscopy to determine the vascular density index of chicken embryonic chorioallantoic membrane and quantitative PCR to examine the expression of the HIF-1α and VEGFA genes. Two levels of hypoxia (15% and 13% O2) and three durations (days 0–10, 11–18, and 0–18) were applied. The results showed that 13% O2 incubation restrained angiogenesis in the chorioallantoic membrane at an early stage of embryonic development as seen on day 6, but incubation under 13% or 15% O2 efficiently stimulated vascularization of the chorioallantoic membrane as seen on days 16 and 18. Notably, 13% O2 incubation caused visible curling of the blood vessels in the chorioallantoic membrane on day 18. The increased vascular density index under hypoxia was accompanied by an increase in the expression of VEGFA and HIF-1α. Curled blood vessels were observed on day 18 under 13% O2 incubation; however, the curling was not a result of VEGFA overexpression. Thus, the present study helps in elucidating vascularization of the chorioallantoic membrane under hypoxic conditions.

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Effect of vitamin D3 metabolites on calcium and phosphorus metabolism in chick embryos

AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1152/ajpendo.1985.248.3.e281 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 248 (3) ◽

pp. E281-E285 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

L. E. Hart ◽

H. F. DeLuca

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Embryonic Development ◽

Vitamin D3 ◽

Chorioallantoic Membrane ◽

Sole Source ◽

Chick Embryos ◽

Dihydroxyvitamin D3 ◽

Total Body Calcium ◽

1,25 Dihydroxyvitamin D3 ◽

24,25 Dihydroxyvitamin D3

The biochemical nature of the physiological defect found in chick embryos from hens supported on 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 as their sole source of vitamin D is described. Vitamin D-deficient hens (44-wk-old) were divided into six groups of five and dosed daily for 19 wk with either 2.0 micrograms of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3, 2.0 micrograms of 24,24-difluoro-25-hydroxy-vitamin D3, 0.4 micrograms of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, 2.0 micrograms of 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, 0.4 micrograms of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 plus 2.0 micrograms of 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, or vehicle only. Normal embryonic development was found in eggs from hens given 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 or 24,24-difluoro-25-hydroxyvitamin D3, whereas embryos from hens given 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, or their combination were abnormal and failed to hatch. Embryos from hens fed 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and/or 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 had vitamin D deficiency: low bone ash, low plasma calcium, low total body calcium, and extremely high plasma phosphorus. Because the shell is the major source of calcium for the developing embryo, calcium transport from the shell to the embryos across the chorioallantoic membrane apparently fails, giving rise to the observed defects in embryonic development.

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