Microdosimetric calculations by simulating monoenergetic electrons in voxel models of human normal individual cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 166 ◽  
pp. 108518
Author(s):  
Yidi Wang ◽  
Zhanpeng Li ◽  
Anqi Zhang ◽  
Pengcheng Gu ◽  
Furong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Normal Individual

The value of X rays as a research method in medicine

1908 ◽  
Vol 8 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
M. Chalusov
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Normal Individual ◽  
Individual Case ◽  
Human Organism ◽  
Wide Sense ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
Clear Idea

The task of our science of medicine, to put it briefly, is to heal the suffering man; but this simple and briefly expressed task is extremely difficult, extremely responsible, and the possibility of its fulfillment is achievable only with the satisfaction of certain well-known requirements. Among these requirements, it is necessary to mention the desire to establish an understanding of the average normal human organism, a clear idea of ​​normal individual deviations, the study of conditions that are conducive not only to the preservation, but also to the prosperity of these two types of life in the study of the wide sense of the causes of this organism; hence the need to establish an understanding of "diseases", their types, signs, reasons in each individual case ...

scholarly journals EFFECT OF ALCOHOLISM ON LIVER FUNCTION TEST IN RURAL POPULATION IN INDIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Richa K Lath ◽  
Aniruddha Jibhkate
Keyword(s):  
Liver Function ◽  
Liver Function Test ◽  
Liver Damage ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Normal Individual ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Albumin Level ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Function Test

Background: alcoholism is one of the major socioeconomic as well as public health problem in India. The problem is occurring equally in urban as well as in rural India. This study was carried out in essence of liver damage in alcoholics and alteration in the biochemical enzymes in the serum with respect to liver damage. Method: 100 alcoholics and 100 non alcoholic patients were selected from the hospital OPD. Liver function test was performed in both the study group. Liver  enzymes ALT,AST,ALP and the total protein and albumin level were compared in  the study group and controls. Results: The results showed there is significant increase in the liver enzymes ALT,AST,ALP in the alcoholic patients as compared to normal individual and significant fall in concentration of the total protein and albumin level in the alcoholics. Keywords: Alcoholics, liver function test

scholarly journals Proliferative state of blast cell progenitors in acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML)

Blood ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 592-600 ◽  
Author(s):  
MD Minden ◽  
JE Till ◽  
EA McCulloch
Keyword(s):  
T Lymphocyte ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Proliferative Activity ◽  
Normal Individual ◽  
S Phase ◽  
Blast Cell ◽  
Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Blast Cells ◽  
Small Subpopulation

Abstract Peripheral blood from patients with acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) contains cells capable of giving rise to colonies in culture when stimulated by media conditioned by leukocytes (LCM) in the presence of phytohemagglutinin (PHA). Two types of colonies are recognized with high frequency: The first grows in the presence of low concentrations of PHA LCM, have a blast-like morphology, and are numerically correlated with morphologically identified blast cells. The second requires either high PHA LCM concentrations or PHA alone with or without 2-mercaptoethanol and consists of cells capable of forming rossettes with sheep erythrocytes and resembles. T-lymphocyte colonies from normal blood. Precursors of blast cell colonies from 15 leukemic patients were tested for cycle state, using either the 3H-thymidine or hydroxyurea techniques. All were found to have a high proportion of cells in the S phase of the cycle. In contrast, T lymphocyte precursors from three normal individual were quiescent. The data are consistent with the maintenance of the leukemic blast cell populations by the proliferative activity of a small subpopulation of blasts.

I mutevoli confini della medicalizzazione: prospettive e dilemmi del miglioramento umano

2009 ◽  
pp. 17-35
Author(s):  
Antonio Maturo
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Promotion ◽  
Normal Individual ◽  
Human Enhancement ◽  
Ethical Perspective ◽  
Medical Gaze ◽  
Health Care Practices ◽  
Care Practices ◽  
Biomedical Interventions

- While medicalization is the process of extending the medical gaze on human conditions through the mechanism of pathologization, human enhancement actions are implemented towards normal conditions. In this sense, human enhancement can not be considered either health care or health promotion because its aim is optimization, not healing nor prevention. As the borders between normality and pathology are blurred, biomedical interventions aiming at improving a normal individual today could be conceived as health care practices directed towards a sick person tomorrow. Therefore, human enhancement actions should be analyzed through the lenses of the medicalization-theory proposed by Conrad - but on a long-term scale. Under an ethical perspective, human enhancement interventions - being very heterogeneous - should be analyzed case-by-case.Keywords: medicalization, human enhancement, medicine, normality, health promotion, disease.Parole chiave: medicalizzazione, miglioramento umano, medicina, normalitÀ, promozione della salute, malattia.

The Value of Urinary β-Thromboglobulin Measurements in Clinical Situations

1979 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Dawes ◽  
R.C. Smith ◽  
D. Borsey ◽  
D. Aronstam
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Hip Replacement ◽  
Normal Individual ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Serial Samples ◽  
Positive Results

Plasma β-thromboglobulin (ß -TG) measurements are subject to occasional false high values arising during sampling and processing. In the normal individual urinary β-TG is maintained at a constant low level (0.14 ± 0.09 ng. ml-1), and elevations in this value reflect raised plasma concentrations. Plasma and urinary β-TG concentrations were measured in normal individuals, in 18 patients presenting with suspected deep venous thrombosis, and in 75 diabetic patients. Serial samples were also taken before and after 9 hip replacement operations. The results indicate that measurement of urinary β-TG concentration in patients may be a simpler and more reliable means of detecting platelet activation than assay of plasma samples. False positive results do not occur when urinary concentrations are measured, unless renal function is abnormal;grossly elevated values may even detect occult renal disease.

Biological and Analytic Components of Variation in Long-Term Studies of Serum Constituents in Normal Subjects

1971 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 983-987 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugene K Harris ◽  
David L DeMets
Keyword(s):  
Normal Individual ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Total Serum Protein ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Total Calcium ◽  
Intraindividual Variation ◽  
Total Serum Calcium ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
Long Term Studies

Abstract Intra- and interindividual components of variation in ionized calcium among normal individuals have been estimated. The basic data were means of duplicate analyses of total serum calcium, total serum protein, and serum albumin from 68 normal subjects, 10-12 weekly samples per person. The McLean-Hastings equation was used to estimate [Ca2+]. Use of observed albumin/globulin ratios, instead of an assumed constant, had negligible effect on mean [Ca2+] or components of variation. The interindividual component of variation in [Ca2+] was found to be the same as that in total calcium: 3%. Average intraindividual variation (0.045-0.05 mmol/liter), appeared to be entirely attributable to analytical deviations in total protein and total calcium determinations. Thus, in the average normal individual, no physiologic variation in [Ca2+] could be detected. Results agreed with recent data on [Ca2+] measured by calcium ion-selective electrodes.

Inhibition of PF4 and ßTG Release from Platelets by Piracetam

1979 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.L. Henry ◽  
R.M. Nalbandian ◽  
G.E. Herman ◽  
T. Ho
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Normal Individual ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Human Platelets ◽  
Complete Inhibition ◽  
Clot Retraction ◽  
Platelet Factor ◽  
Storage Pool ◽  
No Inhibition ◽  
No Release

Platelet factor four (PF4) and beta-thromboglobulin (βTG) were released from human platelets alpha granules by ADP and epinephrine and measured by radioimmunoassay. Both release materials are antiheparins but PF4 is reported to be more potent. However, PF4 is released at about 1/4 the level of βTG in nanog rams/ml. Total release occurred with 5 ugm/rnl ADP in platelet-rich-plasma adjusted to 200,000 platelets/mm3 and with 1.25 × 10-5M epinephrine. No further release was found by freeze-thawing procedures. In one case, no release occurred although full aggregation proceeded normally with both mediators. Only minimal amounts were recorded after freeze-thawing indicating a storage pool deficiency of PF4 and βTG in an apparantly normal individual. Complete inhibition of PF4 and βTG release was obtained concurrently with elimination of the 2nd epinephrine wave by 6.4 × 10-4 M Piracetam. In contrast to aspirin, no inhibition of ADP, Collagen, or Ristocetin aggregation or release occurred with Piracetam. In previous work it was determined that Piracetam even at 6.4 × 10-3 M did not modify thrombin, prothrombin, or activated partial thromboplastin times. In addition, clot retraction was not modified in concentrations of Piracetam as high as 1.28 × 10-2 M known to eliminate the 2nd wave of platelet aggregation by epinephrine.

The Variations in Gastric Secretion of the Normal Individual

QJM ◽  
1924 ◽  
Vol os-17 (67) ◽  
pp. 215-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Bell ◽  
W. MacAdam
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Secretion ◽  
Normal Individual
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